For a black “fumata” the chemical compound is made of potassium
perchlorate, anthracene, and sulphur. The white “fumata” is a
mixture of potassium chlorate, lactose, and rosin. The rosin is a natural
amber resin obtained from
conifers. Prior to 2005 the black smoke was obtained by using smoke black or
pitch and the white smoke by using wet straw.
The stove-pipes of the stove and the smoke-producing device join up and exit
the roof of the Sistine Chapel as one pipe leading to the chimney installed on
the ridge of the roof, which is visible from St. Peter's Square. To improve
the airflow the pipe
Subject: VISnews130312
From: Vatican Information Service - Eng - txt
is pre-heated by electrical resistance and it also has a backup fan.
___________________________________________________________
NOTICE
Vatican City, 12 March 2013 (VIS) – We inform our readers that, on the
occasion of the opening of the Conclave, we will transmit two bulletins today.
The second will be sent if or when there is a “fumata”.
___________________________________________________________
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VISnews130312
VATICAN INFORMATION SERVICE YEAR XXIII - N° 55DATE 12-03-2013
Summary: - VATICAN: AT CENTER OF WORLD'S
FOCUS - MAY GOD GRANT US
A PONTIFF WHO WILL EMBRACE CHARITY - THE CARDINALS WHO WILL ELECT THE
POPE - HOW THE WHITE AND BLACK “FUMATE” ARE PRODUCED -
NOTICE
Vatican City, 12 March 2013 (VIS) – This morning started a little
later than usual in the Vatican. At 7:00am the first faithful starting
arriving at St. Peter's on foot. The 115 Cardinal electors were already within
the City State's walls. Each
one carried his small suitcase and took the functional but austere room that
had been assigned to, not chosen by, them at the Domus Sanctae Marthae. The
largest one remains vacant. The one they choose as Pope, the 266th successor
of Peter, will live and
work there until the papal apartments are made ready for him.
In St. Peter's Square, in front of the Basilica's facade, an enormous
platform has been erected for the world's major broadcasters. Permanently
accredited correspondents work from their desks within the Holy See's Press
Office in Via della
Conciliazione. Nearby, another building has been wired for all the media that
is arriving for the occasion: the Media Centre, which currently occupies the
spacious lobby of the Paul VI Hall. So far, more than 5,600 journalists have
been accredited for
the occasion. The terrace on the Charlemagne Wing of Bernini's colonnade
around St. Peter's Square has also been taken over by journalists. On the
ground and in the most varied places you will find many who are connected
through social networks, the
“digital continent”, linking the entire world. They are all
focused on the spot that Vatican Television has aimed a fixed camera at: the
chimney atop the Sistine Chapel where a black or white puff of
smoke will emerge.
Precisely at 10:00am, with St. Peter's Basilica beautifully lit, the
“pro eligendo Romano Pontifice” Mass began. Presided by the
Italian Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College of Cardinals, the over one
hundred cardinals gathered
concelebrated, Cardinal electors as well as those over 80, representing all of
the populated continents of the globe. The celebration was open to all the
faithful who wished to attend as well as members of the diplomatic corps of
the 179 countries with
which the Holy See maintains ties. Each held the Mass booklet, either
collected at the entrance or downloaded from the Vatican website.
After the readings, the first was given in English and the second in
Spanish, Cardinal Sodano delivered his homily. It was interrupted with a long
applause when the cardinal referred to Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, thanking
him for his eight years of
fruitful service to the Church. Cardinal Sodano asked the cardinals to work
together to contribute to the unity of the Church. Together with unity he
spoke of charity, asking them to “ceaselessly work to promote Justice
and Peace”.
The multilingual Mass also included Mass parts in Latin, and Prayers of the
Faithful in French, Swahili, Portuguese, Malay, and German. During the
offertory procession the choir sang a motet by Italian Renaissance composer
Giovanni Pierluigi da
Palestrina.
The ceremony concluded after an hour and a half. Outside the sun shone, it
rained, loud thunder was heard, none of which discouraged the hundreds of
persons who were following the Mass inside on the six jumbo screens installed
around the square.
At 1:30pm, the Cardinal electors ate lunch at the Domus Sanctae Marthae.
Already beginning now, the only people who they will have contact with are
those who will ensure their safety, domestic staff, and the minibus drivers
who will ferry them back
and forth from the Sistine Chapel to the Domus.
At 3:45pm, the cardinals will return to the Apostolic Palace. They will
begin their procession to the Sistine Chapel from the Pauline Chapel singing
“Veni Creator Spiritus”, invoking the assistance of the Holy
Spirit. They will take the
oath in which they promise to maintain the secrecy of the proceedings. When
the Master of Ceremonies pronounces the phrase “Extra omnes” all
those not taking part will leave the chapel, its doors will be shut, and the
Conclave will begin.
MAY GOD GRANT US A PONTIFF WHO WILL EMBRACE CHARITY
Vatican City, 12 March 2013 (VIS) – Following is the text of the
homily delivered this morning by Cardinal Angelo Sodano, dean of the College
of Cardinals, during the “pro eligendo Romano Pontifice” Mass that
was celebrated this
morning at 10:00am in St. Peter's Basilica.
“'Forever I will sing the mercies of the Lord' is the hymn that
resounds once again near the tomb of the Apostle Peter in this important hour
of the history of the Holy Church of Christ. These are the words of Psalm 89
that have flowed from our
lips to adore, give thanks, and beg the Father who is in heaven.
'Misericordias Domini in aeternum cantabo' is the beautiful Latin text that
has introduced us into contemplation of the One who always watches over his
Church with love, sustaining her on
her journey down through the ages, and giving her life through his Holy
Spirit.
Such an interior attitude is ours today as we wish to offer ourselves with
Christ to the Father who is in heaven, to thank him for the loving assistance
that he always reserves for the Holy Church, and in particular for the
brilliant Pontificate that
he granted to us through the life and work of the 265th Successor of Peter,
the beloved and venerable Pontiff Benedict XVI, to whom we renew in this
moment all of our gratitude.
At the same time today, we implore the Lord, that through the pastoral
solicitude of the Cardinal Fathers, He may soon grant another Good Shepherd to
his Holy Church. In this hour, faith in the promise of Christ sustains us in
the indefectible
character of the Church. Indeed Jesus said to Peter: 'You are Peter and on
this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail
against her.' (Mt. 16:18).
My brothers, the readings of the World of God that we have just heard can
help us better understand the mission that Christ has entrusted to Peter and
to his successors.
The Message of Love
The first reading has offered us once again a well-known messianic oracle
from the second part of the book of Isaiah that is known as “the book of
consolation” (Isaiah 40-66). It is a prophecy addressed to the people of
Israel who are in
exile in Babylon. Through this prophecy, God announces that he will send a
Messiah full of mercy, a Messiah who would say: 'The spirit of the Lord God is
upon me, … he has sent me to bring good news to the poor, to bind up
the wounds of broken
hearts, to proclaim liberty to captives, freedom to prisoners, and to announce
a year of mercy of the Lord' (Isaiah 61:1-3).
The fulfilment of such a prophecy is fully realized in Jesus, who came into
the world to make present the love of the Father for all people. It is a love
which is especially felt in contact with suffering, injustice, poverty and all
human frailty,
both physical and moral. It is especially found in the well known encyclical
of Pope John Paul II, 'Dives in Misericordia' where we read: 'It is precisely
the mode and sphere in which love manifests itself that in biblical language
is called
“mercy” (No. 3).'
This mission of mercy has been entrusted by Christ to the pastors of his
Church. It is a mission that must be embraced by every priest and bishop, but
is especially entrusted to the Bishop of Rome, Shepherd of the universal
Church. It is in fact to
Peter that Jesus said: “Simon son of John, do you love me more than
these?... Feed my lambs (John 21:15). In his commentary on these words, St.
Augustine wrote: 'May it be therefore the task of love to feed the flock of
the Lord' (In Iohannis
Evangelium, 123, 5; PL 35, 1967).
It is indeed this love that urges the Pastors of the Church to undertake
their mission of service of the people of every age, from immediate charitable
work even to the highest form of service, that of offering to every person the
light of the Gospel
and the strength of grace.
This is what Benedict XVI wrote in his Lenten Message for this year (No.
3). “Sometimes we tend, in fact, to reduce the term &ldquo
charity” to solidarity or simply humanitarian aid. It is important,
however, to remember that the greatest
work of charity is evangelization, which is the “ministry of the
word”. There is no action more beneficial – and therefore more
charitable – towards one’s neighbour than to break the bread of
the word of God, to share with
him the Good News of the Gospel, to introduce him to a relationship with God:
evangelization is the highest and the most integral promotion of the human
person. As the Servant of God Pope Paul VI wrote in the Encyclical 'Populorum
Progressio', the
proclamation of Christ is the first and principal contributor to development
(cf. No. 16).”
The Message of Unity
The second reading is taken from the letter to the Ephesians., written by
the Apostle Paul in this very city of Rome during his first imprisonment
(62-63 AD) It is a sublime letter in which Paul presents the mystery of Christ
and his Church. While
the first part is doctrinal (ch.1-3), the second part, from which
today’s reading is taken, has a much more pastoral tone (ch. 4-6). In
this part Paul teaches the practical consequences of the doctrine that was
previously presented and begins with
a strong appeal for church unity: 'As a prisoner for the Lord, then, I urge
you to live a life worthy of the calling you have received. Be completely
humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love. Make every
effort to keep the unity of
the Spirit through the bond of peace.' (Eph 4,1-3).
St. Paul then explains that in the unity of the Church, there is a
diversity of gifts, according to the manifold grace of Christ, but this
diversity is in function of the building up of the one body of Christ.
“So Christ himself gave the
apostles, the prophets, the evangelists, the pastors and teachers, to equip
his people for works of service, so that the body of Christ may be built up
(Eph 4:11-12).
In our text, St. Paul teaches that each of us must work to build up the
unity of the Church, so that “From him the whole body, joined and held
together by every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love, as
each part does its work
(Eph 4:16). Each of us is therefore called to cooperate with the Successor of
Peter, the visible foundation of such an ecclesial unity.
The Mission of the Pope
Brothers and sisters in Christ today’s Gospel takes us back to the
Last Supper, when the Lord said to his Apostles: 'This is my commandment: that
you love one another as I have loved you' (John 15:12). The text is linked to
the first reading
from the Messiah’s actions in the first reading from the prophet Isaiah,
reminding us that the fundamental attitude of the Pastors of the Church is
love. It is this love that urges us to offer our own lives for our brothers
and sisters. Jesus
himself tells us: 'There is no greater love than to lay down one’s life
for one’s friends' (John 15:12).
The basic attitude of every Shepherd is therefore to lay down one’s
life for his sheep (John 10:15). This also applies to the Successor of Peter,
Pastor of the Universal Church. As high and universal the pastoral office, so
much greater must be
the charity of the Shepherd. In the heart of every Successor of Peter, the
words spoken one day by the Divine Master to the humble fisherman of Galilee
have resounded: 'Diligis me plus his? Pasce agnos meos ... pasce oves meas';
(Do you love me more
than these? Feed my lambs ... feed my sheep!) (John 21:15-17)
In the wake of this service of love toward the Church and towards all of
humanity, the last popes have been builders of so many good initiatives for
people and for the international community, tirelessly promoting justice and
peace. Let us pray that
the future Pope may continue this unceasing work on the world level.
Moreover, this service of charity is part of the intimate nature of the
Church. Pope Benedict XVI reminded us of this fact when he said: 'The service
of charity is also a constitutive element of the Church’s mission and an
indispensable
expression of her very being'; (Apostolic Letter in the form of a Motu Proprio
Intima Ecclesiae natura, November 11, 2012, introduction; cf. Deus caritas
est, n. 25).
It is a mission of charity that is proper to the Church, and in a
particular way is proper to the Church of Rome, that in the beautiful
expression of St. Ignatius of Antioch, is the Church that 'presides in
charity' (praesidet caritati) (cf. Ad
Romanos (preface).; Lumen Gentium, n. 13).
My brothers, let us pray that the Lord will grant us a Pontiff who will
embrace this noble mission with a generous heart. We ask this of the Lord,
through the intercession of Mary most holy, Queen of the Apostles and of all
the Martyrs and Saints,
who through the course of history, made this Church of Rome glorious through
the ages. Amen.
Vatican City, 12 March 2013 (VIS) – This afternoon, 115 cardinals
will enter the Conclave to elect Pope emeritus Benedict XVI's successor. The
two Cardinal electors who are not participating are Cardinal Julius Riyadi
Darmaatmadja, S.J.,
archbishop emeritus of Jakarta, Indonesia, for health reasons and Cardinal
Keith O’Brien, ex-archbishop of Edinburgh, Scotland, for personal
reasons.
Categorizing the cardinals from area of origin, the 60 European cardinals
come from: Italy: 28. Germany: 6. Spain: 5. Poland: 4. France: 4. Austria: 1.
Belgium: 1. Switzerland: 1. Portugal: 2. Netherlands: 1. Ireland: 1. Czech
Republic: 1.
Bosnia-Herzegovina: 1. Hungary: 1. Lithuania: 1. Croatia:1. and Slovenia:
1.
The 14 Northern American cardinals come from: the United States: 11. and
Canada: 3.
The 19 Latin American cardinals are from: Brazil: 5. Mexico: 3. Argentina:
2. Colombia: 1. Chile: 1. Venezuela: 1. the Dominican Republic: 1. Cuba: 1.
Honduras: 1. Peru: 1. Bolivia: 1. and Ecuador: 1.
The 11 African cardinals come from: Nigeria: 2. Tanzania: 1. South Africa:
1. Ghana: 1. Sudan: 1. Kenya: 1. Senegal: 1. Egypt: 1. Guinea: 1. and the
Democratic Republic of the Congo: 1
The 10 Asian cardenales are from: India: 4. the Philippines: 1. Vietnam: 1.
Indonesia: 1. Lebanon: 1. China: 1. and Sri Lanka: 1.
The sole cardinal from Oceania hails from Australia.
Below is the list of Cardinal electors and the roles that they currently
serve in, following the Church's hierarchical order of precedence. Please note
that the cardinals who serve in the Roman Curia (secretary of State, heads of
the Church's
congregations and councils, etc.) are listed with their role before the
beginning of the period of the Sede Vacante, but at that moment they were
automatically relieved of their offices. The two exceptions to this norm are
the Cardinal Camerlengo and
the Major Penitentiary who continue to perform their previous functions.
ORDER OF BISHOPS
Giovanni Battista RE, Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops
Tarcisio BERTONE, Camerlengo of the Apostolic Chamber
Eastern Rite Cardinal Patriarchs
Antonios NAGUIB, Patriarch Emeritus of Alexandria of the Copts, Egypt
Béchara Boutros RAÏ, Patriarch of Antioch of the Maronites,
Lebanon
ORDER OF PRIESTS
Godfried DANNEELS, Archbishop Emeritus of Brussels, Belgium
Joachim MEISNER, Archbishop of Cologne, Germany
Nicolas de Jesús LÓPEZ RODRÍGUEZ, Archbishop of Santo
Domingo, Dominican Republic
Roger Michael MAHONY, Archbishop Emeritus of Los Angeles, California,
USA
Jaime Lucas ORTEGA Y ALAMINO, Archbishop of San Cristobal de la Habana,
Cuba
Jean-Claude TURCOTTE, Archbishop Emeritus of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Vinko PULJI?, Archbishop of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Juan SANDOVAL ÍÑIGUEZ, Archbishop Emeritus of Guadalajara,
Jalisco, Mexico
Antonio María ROUCO VARELA, Archbishop of Madrid, Spain
Dionigi TETTAMANZI, Archbishop Emeritus of Milan, Italy
Polycarp PENGO, Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
Christoph SCHÖNBORN, Archbishop of Vienna, Austria
Norberto RIVERA CARRERA, Archbishop of Mexico City, Mexico
Francis Eugene GEORGE, Archbishop of Chicago, Illinois, USA
Zenon GROCHOLEWSKI, Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
Crescenzio SEPE, Archbishop of Naples, Italy.
Walter KASPER, President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian
Unity
Ivan DIAS, Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
Geraldo Majella AGNELO, Archbishop Emeritus of São Salvador da
Bahia, Brazil
Audrys Juozas BA?KIS, Archbishop of Vilnius, Lithuania
Francisco Javier ERRÁZURIZ OSSA, Archbishop Emeritus of Santiago de
Chile, Chile
Julio TERRAZAS SANDOVAL, Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
Wilfrid Fox NAPIER, Archbishop of Durban, South Africa
Óscar Andrés RODRÍGUEZ MARADIAGA, Archbishop of
Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Juan Luis CIPRIANI THORNE, Archbishop of Lima, Peru
Cláudio HUMMES, Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
Jorge Mario BERGOGLIO, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina
José da Cruz POLICARPO, Patriarch of Lisbon, Portugal
Severino POLETTO, Archbishop Emeritus of Turin, Italy
Karl LEHMANN, Bishop of Mainz, Germany
Angelo SCOLA, Archbishop of Milan, Italy
Anthony Olubunmi OKOGIE, Archbishop Emeritus of Lagos, Nigeria
Gabriel ZUBEIR WAKO, Archbishop of Khartoum, Sudan
Carlos AMIGO VALLEJO, Archbishop Emeritus of Seville, Spain
Justin Francis RIGALI, Archbishop Emeritus of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
USA
Ennio ANTONELLI, President of the Pontifical Council for the Family
Peter Kodwo Appiah TURKSON, President of the Pontifical Council for Justice
and Peace
Telesphore Placidus TOPPO, Archbishop of Ranchi, India
George PELL, Archbishop of Sydney, Australia
Josip BOZANI?, Archbishop of Zagreb, Croatia
Jean-Baptiste PHAM MINH MÂN, Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam
Philippe BARBARIN, Archbishop of Lyon, France
Péter ERD?, Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest, Hungary
Marc OUELLET, Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops
Agostino VALLINI, Vicar General of His Holiness for Rome, Italy
Jorge Liberato UROSA SAVINO, Archbishop of Caracas, Santiago de
Venezuela
Jean-Pierre RICARD, Archbishop of Bordeaux, France
Antonio CAÑIZARES LLOVERA, Prefect of the Congregation for Divine
Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
Sean Patrick O'MALLEY, Archbishop of Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Stanis?aw DZIWISZ, Archbishop of Krakow, Poland
Carlo CAFFARRA, Archbishop of Bologna, Italy
Seán Baptist BRADY, Archbishop of Armagh, Ireland
Lluís MARTÍNEZ SISTACH, Archbishop of Barcelona, Spain
André VINGT-TROIS, Archbishop of Paris, France
Angelo BAGNASCO, Archbishop of Genoa, Italy
Théodore-Adrien SARR, Archbishop of Dakar, Senegal
Oswald GRACIAS, Archbishop of Bombay, India
Francisco ROBLES ORTEGA, Archbishop of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
Daniel N. DiNARDO, Archbishop of Galveston-Houston, Texas, USA
Odilo Pedro SCHERER, Archbishop of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
John NJUE, Archbishop of Nairobi, Kenya
Raúl Eduardo VELA CHIRIBOGA, Archbishop Emeritus of Quito,
Ecuador
Laurent MONSENGWO PASINYA, Archbishop of Kinshasa, Congo (Dem. Rep.)
Paolo ROMEO, Archbishop of Palermo, Italy
Donald William WUERL, Archbishop of Washington, D.C., USA
Raymundo DAMASCENO ASSIS, Archbishop of Aparecida, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Kazimierz NYCZ, Archbishop of Warsaw, Poland
Albert Malcolm Ranjith PATABENDIGE DON, Archbishop of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Reinhard MARX, Archbishop of Munich, Germany
George ALENCHERRY, Major Archbishop of Ernakulam Angamaly of the
Syro-Malabars, India
Thomas Christopher COLLINS, Archbishop of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Dominik DUKA, Archbishop of Prague, Czech Republic
Willem Jacobus EIJK, Archbishop of Utrecht, Netherlands
Giuseppe BETORI, Archbishop of Florence, Italy
Timothy Michael DOLAN, Archbishop of New York, New York, USA
Rainer Maria WOELKI, Archbishop of Berlin, Germany
John TONG HON, Bishop of Hong Kong, China
Baselios Cleemis THOTTUNKAL, Major Archbishop of Trivandrum of the
Syro-Malabars, India
John Olorunfemi ONAIYEKAN, Archbishop of Abuja, Nigeria
Rubén SALAZAR GÓMEZ, Archbishop of Bogota, Colombia
Luis Antonio TAGLE, Archbishop of Manila, Philippines
ORDER OF DEACONS
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