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|    The ARRL Contest Update for December 18,    |
|    18 Dec 13 12:51:48    |
      If you are having trouble reading this message, you can see the original at:       http://www.arrl.org/contests/update/?issue=2013-12-18              The ARRL Contest Update              December 18, 2013       Editor: Ward Silver, NOAX              IN THIS ISSUE        * How Far is Far - Stew Perry Topband Distance Challenge        * Key Contests - Straight Key Night, Rookie Roundup, Straight Key Sprint        * Innovantennas Acquires Force 12 Line        * "Ham's Eye View" Blog Series        * Screwdriver Across the Terminals? No Problem!        * School Club Roundup - Ready for Finals?        * Poor Ham's Scalar Network Analyzer        * Isolation by Design        * Conversation              NEW HF OPERATORS - THINGS TO DO              This coming Sunday's ARRL Rookie Roundup is designed to get you started on CW       and you'll find lots of other newcomers trying out their keys. And, it's a       great warmup for the annual Straight Key Night, whether you are an OT (Old       Timer) or a Rookie. If you've ever wondered why DX contests aren't scored by       distance, why not give the Stew Perry Topband Distance Challenge a try? That       "temporary" antenna for the ARRL 160 Meter Contest is still up, isn't it? Of       course it is!              BULLETINS              There are no bulletins in this issue.              BUSTED QSOS              Eric K9GY's photo in the previous issue was a "selfie" and not from N6AN say       both of them.              CONTEST SUMMARY              Complete information for all contests follows the Conversation section              December 21-22               * ARRL Rookie Roundup--CW        * NAQCC Milliwatt Sprint--CW (Dec 18)        * Russian 160 Meter Contest (Dec 19)        * Lighthouse Christmas Lights QSO Party (Dec 20-Jan 1)        * Feld-Hell Rudolph Hell Sprint        * OK DX RTTY Contest        * Croatian CW Contest              December 28-29               * ARRL Straight Key Night (Dec 31-Jan 1)        * SKCC Straight Key Sprint (Dec 26)        * DARC XMAS Contest (Dec 26)        * RAC Winter Contest        * Iron Ham Contest        * Stew Perry Top Band Distance Challenge--CW        * RAEM Contest--CW                     NEWS, PRESS RELEASES, AND GENERAL INTEREST              A few weeks ago the team behind InnovAntennas acquired the legendary Force 12       antenna company and have moved the factory from Bridgeport, TX to Grand       Junction, CO into a facility shared with InnovAntennas America. InnovAntennas       Ltd in England is now manufacturing Force 12 products for the European market.       The Grand Junction facility is in full swing and we are shipping building and       shipping antennas. Watch for a complete update of the Force 12 website by the       end of the year. Updated versions of classic Force 12 antennas as well as       all-new models will be produced. Stay tuned! (Thanks, Bill AA7XT)              A company in England has produced a device that can shut down a car with       pulses of RF. No word on the exact frequency range although it is said to be       "a small radar transmitter." Could this be considered an "anti-rover"?              Referees for the 2014 World Radiosport Team Championship have been selected       and a list posted on the competition's home page! The selected referees come       from all over the world and more than 30 countries, a tribute to the event's       past and present organizers noted by Chief Judge, Dave Sumner, K1ZZ. During       the competition, a referee will be on site at each of the 59 competing       stations to verify compliance with the rules and make decisions on any rule       questions by the teams. The referees must be top-level contesters because they       must simultaneously listen to the audio from both operators for the entire 24       hours of the WRTC2014 competition. Managed by Dan Street, K1TO, the 143       applications received were evaluated according to many factors, including       geographical areas, language skills and SO2R ability. WRTC2014 takes place in       the Boston area on July 12-13, 2014.              You may be interested in the results of the recent Jamboree on the Air and       there is a full report and summary video on the JOTA website of K2BSA.       Overall, the number of stations participating in the USA increased by 33% to       271. The number of Scouts reported on the air declined by 25% to just under       14,000. The number of stations that registered prior to the event hit a new       record of 419, quite a few just didn't provide a report after the event. So       the organizers expect that the number of Scouts actually continued to       increase. (Thanks, National JOTA Organizer and Chairman National Radio       Scouting Committee, Jim Wilson K5ND)              There are special prizes for the upcoming World Wide Iron Ham Contest -       winners in the Single-Op All-Band and Multi-Op categories will win a round       trip to and accommodations at WRTC 2014! Sponsored by the Araucaria DX Group,       the Iron Ham uses CW, Phone, and RTTY in a 24-hour format. (Thanks, Oms PY5EG)              Another advance combining nanotechnology and graphene is expected to create       antennas, albeit very tiny ones, that could operate on WLAN frequencies,       enabling nano-scale devices to communicate with each other. The        lectromagnetic properties of graphene fibers are apparently quite different       than metallic wires, leading to some interesting applications.              Is urban electro-smog getting you down by raising the noise floor up? Brian       KDOTLO sent in this story of a truly quiet place in which the only acceptable       RF emissions are from hams -- the National Radio Quiet Zone in Green Bank,       West Virginia. It's quite a job keeping unwanted signals off the air, as we       all know too well. You can learn more about ham radio and quiet zones on       W3BE's blog, W3Beinformed.              And speaking of listening really, really hard -- this story has the listening       directed toward Earth instead of the usual other way 'round. It turns out that       yes, the Juno spacecraft did hear ham signals during its October flyby on the       way to Jupiter. You can see more in this video from NASA as hams turn the       table on a satellite, sending HI spaceward rather than listening for HI from       on high. (Thanks, Don NK6A)              Getting those operating events on the refrigerator in advance is crucial to a       successful-not-stressful contest season, but what if the paper calendar has       been replaced by an online version? This Instructables project shows how to       use a Raspberry Pi computer module to control a wall-mounted Google Calendar       that will never go out of date!              Steve VE7SL reports that, "After building similar stations over the past few       months, myself and Markus VE7CA completed our first lightwave contact on 655       nm yesterday evening just shortly after sunset. Both systems use a single       Luxeon heat-sinked LED (Deep Red)." Both systems used about 1 watt of input       power and inexpensive plastic Fresnel lenses. BPW32 lensless PIN diodes were       used as the detectors. The path was about 34 miles across the Georgia Straight       between West Vancouver and Mayne Island. "All in all, great fun!" says Steve -       VHF+ contesters take note!              The Contest Club of Finland (CCF), OH DX Foundation (OHDXF), and Estonian       Radio Amateur Union (ERAŹř) invite everyone to the traditional Contest/DX       Meeting that will be held this year in Tallinn, Estonia instead of on a       Finland-to-Sweden cruise ship as usual. In addition to an interesting agenda       and meeting a lot of friends you are also invited to visit ES5TV/ES9C contest       station on Sunday. (Thanks, Tonno ES5TV)              Three great stories can be found in the December 2013 issue of the Potomac       Valley Radio Club newsletter. First is an explanation by Pete N4ZR of the beta       version of AR Cluster Version 6, the first DX cluster node software to       incorporate user-configurable RBN spot quality filtering. Next comes a story       about the Deutsches Museum exhibit on the history of radio by Eric W3DQ.       Finally, if you've wondered about who W4KFC was and why he holds such status       in the world of contesting, Pip WB4FDT recounts some of the highlights of       Vic's ham radio career. Good reading!              Here's something interesting in the world of digital ham radio - a D-STAR Ham       Access Point, D-HAP! In the words of its creators, "We combined a Raspberry       Pi, a DVAP Dongle, WiFi, a USB power supply, a whole bunch of connectors,       almost 2 hours of CNC time, and about 3 hours on the bench. Then we squished       until it was about the size of a book." Squished! (Thanks, Ray N9JA)              The Voice of Russia, formerly known as Radio Moscow during the USSR era, will       cease shortwave broadcasts as of January 1, 2014. From the 1950s through the       1980s, the station, as Radio Moscow, was a virtual beacon for short-wave       listeners (SWLs), many of whom gravitated into amateur radio. Voice of Russia       currently broadcasts to 160 countries in 38 languages for 151 hours per day on       short and medium waves, on FM, via satellite, and via the Internet. Earlier       this year shortwave transmissions were cut to 26 hours a day in all languages,       down from more than 50 hours a day in 2012 VOR, which claims to be the first       radio station to broadcast internationally, will continue to broadcast online       and via three medium-wave transmitters. (Thanks, John K1AR)              "2014 will be a GREAT year for Contest University (CTU)!" says CTU President,       Tim K3LR. "In the USA for the first time - there will be two different Contest       University all-day sessions during 2014...with no overlap or repeated papers.       The first USA CTU will be the Dayton Contest University on Thursday May 15,       2014 at the Crowne Plaza Hotel. Space at CTU USA Dayton will be limited - and       Crowne Plaza hotel rooms are already fully booked. The second USA CTU will be       held at the historic 2014 ARRL National Centennial Convention in Hartford, CT       on July 17, 2014. The CTU Centennial will be an all-day event with six CTU       presentations in one class room. Registration for the ARRL Centennial CTU will       be handled through the ARRL.              It can be confusing trying to setup and operate a multi-single category with       the subtle differences in rules between the CQ World Wide and ARRL DX       Contests. Here is an article about multi-single stations in both contests.              Going on this month and ending on the last day of the year, RAEM Activity Days       celebrate the 110th Anniversary of the birth of Ernst Krenkel, a legendary       polar radio operator, the first President of the Federation of Radio Sport of       the USSR, and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Numerous Russian stations with       special calls are active until 2359Z on December 31st. (Thanks, Daily DX)              Web Site of the Week - A good three-part series on the Internet and ham radio       has been published by EDN's "A Ham's Eye View" blogger and contester, Doug       K1DG. Part 1 introduces the relationship. Remote operation is covered in Part       2 and Part 3 gets into Internet-ham radio "parallel universes."              WORD TO THE WISE              Why contest? Anthony AB9YC says, "I'm looking forward to my next a-ha moment       when I can smile, and say to myself, "I am getting this!"              SIGHTS AND SOUNDS              Dick K4XU sent a link to this video in which he is demonstrating a new       MicroSemi 1200-watt amplifier module. These devices are the active ingredient       in the Elecraft KPA500 and the new THP 2.5K amplifier.              The webinar on station improvement by Hank W6SX, has been posted to the WWROF       website where you can find it via the Webinars link. Hank's presentation is of       particular interest to "Little Pistols" and those who are space limited. He       has added a link to the elevation plot and for locating the Ladder Snaps in       the presentation. (Thanks, Ken K4ZW)              If you have new Technician licensees in your club or shack, here's a       full-color band chart for Techs published by the ARRL.              RESULTS AND RECORDS              Provisional results for the October 2013 School Club Roundup have been       published on the new results web page created by WA7BNM. The soapbox comments       are great, particularly the characterization of contesting as "speed dating"       by the NQ9P team. February's SCR is a great opportunity for individuals and       clubs to bring radiosport to students. Thanks also to the SCR sponsor, the       Long Island Mobile Amateur Radio Club.              Now that all log submission deadlines have passed, you can see all of the Raw       Scores for the CQ Worldwide SSB and CW Contests. These scores are computed       from the submitted logs before log-checking. If you notice any problems,       contact the contest manager.              Final scores for the 2013 Missouri QSO Party have been released by the       sponsors, the Boeing Employees Amateur Radio Society (BEARS).              Claimed Scores for the 2013 Ukrainian DX Contest are also available online.       (Thanks, Leo UT7CL)              Contest managers - please drop the editor a note to let the readers know when       your results are published!              OPERATING TIP              With RTTY contesting increasing in popularity and the ARRL's RTTY Roundup       coming up in January, one of the premier RTTY contesters, Don AA5AU, has       written several tutorials to help you to get started such as this one,       primarily aimed at Writelog users, but that can be applied to most logging       software and a more generic MMTTY tutorial. N1MM-specific information for       MMTTY and an overall N1MM digital operation setup guide is also available. Jim       AD4EB has also written a guide to the basics you can find on the Tennessee       Contest Group website. When you're finally all set up and ready for the       contest, AA5AU has a set of suggested exchange messages for NAQP written for       Writelog but easily convertible to N1MM or other software. (Thanks, Chad WE9V)              TECHNICAL TOPICS AND INFORMATION              Being intrepid homebrewers and experimenters, George N2APB and Joe N2CX are       always on the lookout for simple measurement equipment that can be used on our       benches. Several months ago N5IB and W5JH teamed up develop the Poor Ham's       Scalar Network Analyzer, a useful-and-inexpensive way to sweep an RF signal       through a Device-Under-Test (DUT) and read and plot the power coming back from       the DUT. The discussion (among many others) is available on the Chat With the       Designers website as episode #66 from December 10th.              Trying to dissolve the "junk" between sections of telescoping aluminum tubing       can certainly try one's patience! Patrick NJ5G suggests a method of keeping       the joint immersed in the solvent or penetrating solution without having to       stand there and watch it! "Stand the tubes vertically with the smaller       diameter tube on top. Form a lump of modeling clay around the larger diameter       tube just below the overlap point. Now you can pour in your favorite solvent       and immerse the joint. If your favorite solvent dissolves the modeling clay       then use silicone caulk instead of clay." He notes that heating and or cooling       the joint may help, as well.              What is a good cable to use for full-power coax jumpers in the station? RG-213       cable can be awfully stiff and unwieldy so Jeff N5TJ recommends RG-142, a       Teflon-insulated equivalent of RG-58 cable. He notes that it is "great to       solder and won't melt!"              Have you wondered about the RF characteristics of the one-sided M”bius strip?       In this Microwave Journal article from the November 2013 issue, Drs Ulrich       Rohde (N1UL), Poddar, and Sundararajan tackle the math in the article "Printed       Resonators: M”bius Strip Theory and Applications."              Brian K1LI reports that W6PQL has also designed an amplifier controller board       with similar functions to those on the VK4DD board mentioned in the previous       issue.              Five more useful projects, this time for the workbench appeared in the stream       of ideas from the Instructables website:               * Disc center finder        * Easy and cheap loudspeaker boxes        * Multi-directional ratchet-bar clamp system        * Web-controlled 8-channel powerstrip              And if you would like to do some science and don't mind building your own       equipment, here is a great source of information about that from Tom K1KI.              Why do commercial amplifiers often use several smaller value capacitors in       parallel instead of one larger cap? Ian, GM3SEK responds that "The main reason       for using smaller values is to share out the RF current between several       capacitors. As the heat losses and temperature rise are proportional to       I-squared, using two capacitors of half the original value will reduce the       drift by a factor of 4, or three capacitors will reduce it by a factor of 9.       However, it is also important to use capacitors with a low temperature       coefficient (NP0 ceramic caps or large silver micas) and it's true that these       are more easily obtainable in smaller capacitance values." Morel 4X1AD also       notes that two small ceramic HV caps are usually much cheaper than one high       current ceramic cap as was used in the past.              Todd N4JRZ contributes this reference to a website that explains how to       convert a Cushcraft A3 tribander Yagi to cover 12 meters and 17 meters. Not a       bad project for an older antenna looking for a new job!              While preparing to make a group purchase for several local clubs, Jim K9YC       discovered that Fair-Rite now makes a 1.4-inch ID #31 clamp-on (part number       2631181381). It's 2.5 inches long, and is the equivalent of five of the       1.4-inch ID, 2.4-inch OD #31 toroids. The big clamp-on is available for less       than half the cost of the equivalent five toroids! The clamp-on core is large       enough to hold 7 turns of RG8/RG213-size coax without removing the connector,       as well.              Technical Web Site of the Week - Frank W3LPL recommends the Pyle PHE300       2-Channel Hum/Noise Destroyer as an inexpensive and extremely effective       solution to sound card-related hum and noise problems. He notes, that it's "so       inexpensive it isn't worth the time and effort to build your own transformer       isolation box." Another option is using optoisolators and Craig K9CT       recommends the optically-isolated FSK keying interface made by W3YY. This is a       generic board and can be used for lots of applications in which a simple       isolated signal path is required.              CONVERSATION              New Science              When the CW Skimmer software was released by Alex VE3NEA, I remember thinking       it had the potential to be a game-changer. As it turns out, "skimmers" are       changing the game but in more ways than we had anticipated and in more games       than we expected.              The most obvious change was simply the sheer speed advantage that it conferred       compared to human operator. Even giving the human operator the best possible       outcome in every situation, assuming perfect timing sync as a new signal was       tuned in, and so forth, CW Skimmer could extract call signs from 100 kHz of       band about 15 times faster. But that was thinking too small, only considering       the software as an accessory for one operator.              The Reverse Beacon Net started out as a way for individual stations to see how       they were being heard there instead of what they could hear here. Novel,       indeed, but not really all that different from a regular QSO except that the       RBN can give you real signal reports with resolution of 1 dB. As more and more       skimmers are added to the network, something very interesting has begun to       happen.              Multiple CW Skimmer stations around the world are now working together,       listening to all the bands, all the time - 24/7/365. There are currently a few       dozen around the world, mostly in North America and Europe but more are being       added all the time and all continents are represented. While not calibrated to       the accuracy of a laboratory instrument in most cases, we are now watching a       worldwide propagation monitoring network come to life! In a couple of years,       no matter where you are, one or two CQs or TEST transmissions will generate a       snapshot of propagation from your location to every populated region on the       planet...in about 10 seconds. This is simply unprecedented - consider the       effects on just two areas of amateur technology.              First and most obviously, propagation can now be assessed in real-time to a       degree completely unavailable before. Furthermore, the data is logged and       available for analysis. This forms a crucial and previously-missing link       between propagation models and propagation as it actually occurs. To be sure,       HF propagation testing was done many years ago in academia and by the military       but the breadth and depth of the RBN data is completely new. For example, in       the K1TO-NP3A chart you can clearly see the 10 meter band opening to Europe       from the two different areas as the world turns.              Coupled with validated QSO databases such as public contest logs and       solar-geomagnetic data from NOAA databases, amateurs can begin to look for       "interesting" propagation that models miss. Other propagation assessment       tools, like K1JT's WSPR protocol and its companion network, WSPRNet, can be       added to the mix. Perhaps someday, data from Logbook Of the World - the       world's largest database of validated point to point communications data -       will be available, as well.              Another great use of automated reception reports is in antenna and antenna       system design. No longer limited to test range data (at best), hams can now       ask and answer questions such as, "What is the right height for my antenna for       the path to..." and "Does my new design perform better or worse than..." and a       million other questions for which answers are rarely precise and usually       completely unavailable. Who can look at the comparisons and not be struck by       the different signal levels of the stations?              We have been given a gift, the power of which we are just being to sense. When       new types of data become available for analysis and are combined with new       forms of visualization, we know that good things happen. Unexpected things.       Explanations of mysteries. Better still, new explanations for what we thought       we understood. Best of all, we will ask new questions!              The world of Amateur Radio is changing, in part due to these new tools. I look       forward to new science being "done" by amateurs, resulting in new       understandings of the world in which live and an exciting future.              73, Ward NOAX              CONTESTS              18 December through 31 December 2013              An expanded, downloadable version of QST's Contest Corral in PDF format is       available. Check the sponsor's Web site for information on operating time       restrictions and other instructions.              HF CONTESTS              NAQCC Milliwatt Sprint--CW, from Dec 18, 0130Z to Dec 18, 0330Z. Bands (MHz):       3.5-14. Exchange: RST, S/P/C, and NAQCC mbr nr or power. Logs due: 4 days.              Russian 160 Meter Contest--Phone,CW, from Dec 19, 2100Z to Dec 19, 2300Z.       Bands (MHz): 1.8. Exchange: RS(T), serial, square ID (see website). Logs due:       Jan 20.              Lighthouse Christmas Lights QSO Party--Phone,CW,Digital, from Dec 20, 0001Z to       Jan 1, 2359Z. Bands (MHz): 1.8-28, 50,144. Exchange: Serial or ARLHS number.       Logs due: Jan 31.              Feld-Hell Rudolph Hell Sprint--Digital, from Dec 21, 0000Z to Dec 21, 2400Z.       Bands (MHz): 3.5-28. Monthly on 3rd Saturday. Exchange: RST, S/P/C, Feld-Hell       member nr. Logs due: 7 days.              OK DX RTTY Contest--Digital, from Dec 21, 0000Z to Dec 22, 2400Z. Bands (MHz):       3.5-28. Exchange: RST and CQ Zone. Logs due: Jan 15.              Croatian CW Contest--CW, from Dec 21, 1400Z to Dec 22, 1400Z. Bands (MHz):       1.8-28. Exchange: RST and serial. Logs due: 30 days.              ARRL Rookie Roundup--CW, from Dec 22, 1800Z to Dec 22, 2359Z. Bands (MHz):       3.5-28. Exchange: Both calls, name, check, S/P/XE or "DX". Logs due: See web.              SKCC Straight Key Sprint--CW, from Dec 26, 0000Z to Dec 26, 0200Z. Bands       (MHz): 1.8-28, 50, Monthly on the 4th Wednesday UTC. Exchange: RST, S/P/C,       name, SKCC nr or power. Logs due: 5 days.              DARC XMAS Contest--Phone,CW, from Dec 26, 0830Z to Dec 26, 1059Z. Bands (MHz):       3.5-7. Exchange: RS(T) and DOK or special station code. Logs due: 3 weeks.              RAC Winter Contest--Phone,CW, from Dec 28, 0000Z to Dec 28, 2359Z. Bands       (MHz): 1.8-28, 50,144. Exchange: RS(T) and province or serial. Logs due: Jan       31.              Iron Ham Contest--Phone,CW,Digital, from Dec 28, 1200Z to Dec 29, 1159Z. Bands       (MHz): 3.5-28. Exchange: RS(T) and CQ zone. Logs due: 3 days.              Stew Perry Top Band Distance Challenge--CW, from Dec 28, 1500Z to Dec 29       1500Z. Bands (MHz): 1.8. Exchange: 4-char grid square. Logs due: 30 days.              RAEM Contest--CW, from Dec 29, 0000Z to Dec 29, 1200Z. Bands (MHz): 3.5-28.       Exchange: Serial and lat/long in degrees. Logs due: Jan 25.              ARRL Straight Key Night--CW, from Jan 1, 0000Z to Jan 1, 2400Z. Bands (MHz):       3.5-28, 50+. Exchange: General QSO information. Logs due: Jan 31.              VHF+ CONTESTS              ARRL Straight Key Night--CW, from Jan 1, 0000Z to Jan 1, 2400Z. Bands (MHz):       3.5-28, 50+. Exchange: General QSO information. Logs due: Jan 31.              Lighthouse Christmas Lights QSO Party--Phone,CW,Digital, from Dec 20, 0001Z to       Jan 1, 2359Z. Bands (MHz): 1.8-28, 50,144. Exchange: Serial or ARLHS number.       Logs due: Jan 31.              SKCC Straight Key Sprint--CW, from Dec 26, 0000Z to Dec 26, 0200Z. Bands       (MHz): 1.8-28, 50, Monthly on the 4th Wednesday UTC. Exchange: RST, S/P/C,       name, SKCC nr or power. Logs due: 5 days.              RAC Winter Contest--Phone,CW, from Dec 28, 0000Z to Dec 28, 2359Z. Bands       (MHz): 1.8-28, 50,144. Exchange: RS(T) and province or serial. Logs due: Jan       31.              LOG DUE DATES              18 December through 31 December               * December 19 - NRAU 10m Activity Contest        * December 19 - QRP Fox Hunt        * December 19 - NAQCC-EU Monthly Sprint        * December 20 - VU International DX Contest        * December 21 - Homebrew and Oldtime Equipment Party        * December 21 - QRP Fox Hunt        * December 21 - NAQCC Straight Key/Bug Sprint        * December 22 - Run for the Bacon QRP Contest        * December 22 - NCCC Sprint        * December 24 - EPC Ukraine DX Contest        * December 25 - ARRL Rookie Roundup, CW        * December 28 - Feld Hell Sprint        * December 29 - QRP ARCI Holiday Spirits Homebrew Sprint        * December 31 - Kentucky QSO Party        * December 31 - TOPS Activity Contest        * December 31 - IPARC Contest        * December 31 - All Austrian 160-Meter Contest        * December 31 - TARA RTTY Melee              ARRL Information              Click here to advertise in this newsletter, space subject to availability.              Your One-Stop Resource for Amateur Radio News and Information              Join or Renew Today!              ARRL membership includes QST, Amateur Radio's most popular and informative       journal, delivered to your mailbox each month.              Subscribe to NCJ - the National Contest Journal. Published bimonthly, features       articles by top contesters, letters, hints, statistics, scores, NA Sprint and       QSO Parties.              Subscribe to QEX - A Forum for Communications Experimenters. Published       bimonthly, features technical articles, construction projects, columns and       other items of interest to radio amateurs and communications professionals.              Free of charge to ARRL members: Subscribe to The ARRL Letter (weekly digest of       news and information), the ARES E-Letter (monthly public service and emergency       communications news), Division and Section news -- and much more!              ARRL offers a wide array of products to enhance your enjoyment of Amateur       Radio. 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