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|    07 Mar 13 22:02:34    |
      Amateur Radio Newsline(tm) Report 1856 - March 8 2013              The following is a QST. Scientists say Solar Cycle 24 may have two separate       peaks; APRS found to extend the range of underground communications; a       United Kingdom ham finds a long abandoned satellite that has come back to       life; Last Man Standing to feature an episode with ham radio and Amateur       Radio Newsline opens the nominating season for the 2013 Young Ham of the       Year Award. Find out the details are on Amateur Radio Newsline(tm) report       number 1856 coming your way right now.                     (Billboard Cart Here)                     **              PROPAGATION: SOLAR CYCLE 24 MAY HAVE A DOUBLE PEAK              Will 2013 be the year of the Solar maximum of Cycle 24 or have we already       seen one and is there another prak yet to come. Some researchers think that       the best has not happened yet because this could be another double cycle.       Amateur Radio Newslines Heather Embee, KB3TZD, has the details:              --              Something unexpected appears to be happening on the sun. 2013 is supposed       to be the year of Solar Max also known as the peak of Cycle 24. Yet 2013       has arrived and solar activity is relatively low. Sunspot numbers are well       below their values in 2011, and strong solar flares have been infrequent for       many months. The quiet has led some observers to wonder if forecasters       missed the mark.              Dean Pesnell is a Solar physicist at the Goddard Space Flight Centre in       Greenbelt, Maryland. He suggests that this is the solar maximum, but it       looks different from what we expected because it will be double peaked.              Conventional wisdom holds that solar activity swings back and forth like a       simple pendulum. At one end of the cycle, there is a quiet time with few       sunspots and flares. At the other end, the Solar Max brings high sunspot       numbers and solar storms with a regular rhythm that repeats every 11 years.              Reality, however, is more complicated. Astronomers have been counting       sunspots for centuries, and they have seen that the solar cycle is not       perfectly regular. For one thing, the back-and-forth swing in sunspot       counts can take anywhere from 10 to 13 years to complete. Also, the       amplitude of the cycle varies. Some solar maxima are very weak while others       can be very strong.              And as researcher Pesnell notes, there is yet another complication. He says       that the last two solar maxima, around 1989 and 2001, had not one but two       peaks. He says that solar activity went up, dipped, and then resumed while       performing a mini-cycle within the Solar Max that lasted about two years.              Pesnell says that the same thing could be happening now. He notes that       sunspot counts jumped in 2011 and dipped in 2012. As such, he expects them       to rebound again saying that another peak will happen in 2013 and possibly       last into 2014. Lets hope he is right.              For the Amateur Radio Newsline, I'm Heatrher Embee, KB3TZD, in Burwick,       Pennsylvania.              --              Another curiosity of the solar cycle is that the sun's hemispheres do not       always peak at the same time. In the current cycle, the south has been       lagging behind the north. The second peak, if it occurs, will likely       feature the southern hemisphere playing catch-up, with a surge in activity       south of the sun's equator. (SARL, NASA)              **              RADIO WRITING: ARRL'S DAVE SUMNER K1ZZ EXPLAINS DIY RENAISSANCE IN HAM RADIO              The resurgence in ham radio may partly be due to a renaissance in home       building coupled with a need on the part of radio amateurs to serve their       community. So says ARRL Executive Vice President Dave Sumner, K1ZZ's, in a       recent article appearing in the Urgent Communications on-line newsletter.              In his commentary Sumner notes that when amateurs began experimenting with       radio more than a century ago, they had no choice but to build everything       they needed. Some went on to become successful entrepreneurs, selling their       creations to fellow hobbyists who were more interested in operating radios       than in constructing them. Others built their own receivers and       transmitters either from economic necessity or for the fun and satisfaction       of being able to say, "I did it myself." This in turn lead to the era of       kit building with such giants as Heathkit becoming household names in ham       radio.              K1ZZ notes that the advent of solid-state devices, printed circuit boards,       and automatic parts insertion removed the price advantage that kits enjoyed.       By the time the Heath Company closed its doors in 1992, most amateur-radio       equipment was being manufactured in Japan. But this has not stopped ham       radio operators from continuing the art of home construction and this in       itself has lead to a resurrection in the art of kit building. And this in       turn has made portable emergency communications ability more attainable in       the hobby.              As Dave Sumner notes, society has come to rely on a fragile       telecommunications infrastructure that is susceptible to overload and       outright failure. And while ham radio operators cannot substitute for all       that infrastructure hams can communicate, no matter what.       +       You can read K1ZZ's entire article on-line at       tinyurl.com/amateur-radio-renaissance. (Urgent Communications)              **              HAM RADIO IN SPACE: UK HAM LOCATES 1965 SATELLITE AS IT RETURNS TO LIFE              An American satellite, abandoned in 1967 as a piece of space junk has begun       transmitting again after 46 years and a ham radio operator is responsible       for finding it. Amateur Radio Newsline's Bruce Tennant, K6PZW, has more:              --              Phil Williams, G3YPQ, is an Amateur Radio Astronomer in North Cornwall in the       U.K.. According to reports he accidentally picked up the signal and after       cross checking with various lists, he identified it as LES 1.              LES 1 was built by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and launched in       1965. The satellite failed to reach its intended orbit owing to a wiring       error and has been drifting out of control ever since.              Williams ran across it while monitoring near 237 MHz when he noticed a signal       with a peculiar signal drift caused by the bird tumbling end over end every       4 seconds as the solar panels became shadowed by the satellites engine.       Williams said that gives the signal a particularly ghostly sound as the       voltage from the solar panels fluctuates.              The LES 1 satellite is about the size of a small car and is not likely to       re-enter the atmosphere for a long time as the orbit is still relatively       high. It poses no threat other than that caused by the thousands of other       pieces of space junk currently in orbit. By now its likely that the on       board batteries have now disintegrated so its likely that some other       component failure has caused the transmitter to start up when its in       sunlight bringing the ghost satellite back to life.              For the Amateur Radio Newsline, I'm Bruce Tennant, K6PZW, in Los Angeles.              --              G3YPQ says its remarkable to think that electronics built nearly 5 decades       ago, 12 years before Voyager 1, and long before microprocessors and       integrated circuits, is still capable of working in the hostile environs of       space. He adds that listening to the signal one can easily imagine the       craft tumbling over and over every 4 seconds and the transmitter starting up       as the sun rises on its solar panels. (G3YPQ)              **              RADIO SCIENCE: APRS EXPERIMENT EXTENDS UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS              APRS works to extend communications range underground. So says the modes       developer Bob Bruninga, WB4APR, who reports on an experiment that took place       on March 2nd . One where he and several other hams tested the use of APRS       as a means to extend radio communications underground in Mammoth Cave,       Kentucky. Amateur Radio Newsline's Stephan Kinford, N8WB, reports:              --              According to Bob Bruninga, WB4APR, typically, VHF and UHF radio in       underground caves are limited to only a few hundred feet and strictly       line-of-sight making their routine use of little value. But with APRS       radios acting as packet digipeaters, these few hundreds of feet can be       extended by an order of magnitude.              Bruninga says that in the test a total of 14 APRS equipped radios were used       in the cave to establish a network almost a mile long providing real-time       position and text message communications along the route. Cavers carried a       map of the cave marked with a Latitude and Longitude grid so they could       manually enter their position into their handheld APRS-equipped       transceivers. Texting via APRS provided communications end to end.              Among the interesting findings were that UHF worked about 13% better than VHF       withan average link distance of about 450 feet even in the large subway       sized passages of Mammoth Cave. Also power did not seem to matter much. The       Kenwood TH-D72 walkie-talkie performed as well as several portable 10 watt       mobile radios housed in boxes.              Another advantage of using UHF for this APRS network was that individual       links in other caves can just as easily be pre-tested by unlicensed cave       explorers using inexpensive FRS radios. This way, all cavers can plan and       individually test the topology of an APRS network before actually gathering       the required APRS equipment and setting up the actual expedition.              For the Amateur Radio Newsline, I'm Stephan Kinford, N8WB, in Wadsworth,       Ohio.              --              Bruninga says that the system could even include e-mail into the topside       global APRS system. (WB4APR)              **              BREAK 1              From the United States of America, We are the Amateur Radio Newsline, heard       on bulletin stations around the world including the W7CSK repeater serving       Everett, Washington.              (5 sec pause here)                     **              YHOTY: NOMINATIONS SOUGHT FOR 2013 AMATEUR RADIO NEWSLINE YOUNG HAM OF THE       YEAR              The nominating season for the 2013 Amateur Radio Newsline Young Ham of the       Year Award is now open.              Created in 1986, this award is offered to recognize the accomplishments of a       radio amateur age 18 or younger for his or her accomplishments in service to       the nation, his or her community or to the advancement of the state of the       art through amateur radio.              Nominees must reside in the United States 50 states or its possessions or in       any of the 10 Canadian provinces.              As in years past, corporate underwriter Yaesu USA will transport the winner       to the Huntsville Hamfest in Huntsville , Alabama, where the award will be       formally presented. Yaesu will also provide Hotel accommodations as well as       convention tickets and a prize of Yaesu amateur radio equipment to the       winner. CQ Magazine will again treat this year's recipient to a week at       Spacecamp-Huntsville. Heil Sound Ltd. will be gifting this year's winner       with an additional prize. Last but by no means least; Amateur Radio       Newsline will present the winner with the official Young Ham of the Year       Award plaque which is underwritten by Dave Bell, W6AQ, of DBA Entertainment       in Hollywood, California.              Complete details, rules and a required nominating form in Adobe .pdf format       are available on our website at www.arnewsline.org/yhoty. Nominating forms       can also be obtained by sending a self addressed stamped envelope to Amateur       Radio Newsline Inc., 2013 Young Ham of the Year Award, 28197 Robin Avenue,       Santa Clarita California, 91350.              Again the cutoff date for nominations is May 30, 2013. And please note that       all nominating forms and support materials become the property of the       Amateur Radio Newsline and cannot be returned. (ARNewsline(tm))              **              ENFORCEMENT: FORMER HAM ISSUED $10000 NAL FOR UNLICENSED OPERATION ON 20       METERS              The FCC has notified Jared A. Bruegman of Bolivar, Missouri, a $10,000 Notice       of Apparent Liability. This for his alleged operating of an unlicensed       radio transmitter in the 20 meter band.              On December 18, 2012, in response to a complaint of interference to amateur       radio communications, agents from the Enforcement Bureau's Kansas City       Office monitored a male voice transmitting on 14.312 MHz. They used       direction finding to locate the source of the radio transmissions to an       antenna mounted on a pole next to a residence in Bolivar, Missouri.              The agents quickly determined that the signals on 14.312 MHz exceeded the       limits for operation under Part 15 of the Commission's rules and therefore       required a license. The Commission's records showed that no authorization       was issued to the address for operation of a radio transmitter on that       frequency at that location.              Immediately after locating the source of the signals the agents inspected the       unlicensed radio transmitter, which was located in a bedroom in the       residence. The FCC says that Jared Bruegman was the only person present in       the bedroom and the only male in the residence during the inspection.              At that time Bruegman admitted to the agents that he owned the radio       transmitter. The agents observed that the transmitter was turned on and       tuned to 14.311 MHz. Bruegman told the agents that he had no current       Commission licenses, but that he previously held an Amateur Radio license       with the call sign KC0IQN. Bruegman then told the agents he would remove       the microphone from his transmitter and only use it as a receiver.              On February 25th the FCC issued the $10,000 proposed fine to the former ham.       In doing so it noted that the evidence in this case is sufficient to       establish that Jared A. Bruegman violated Section 301 of the Communications       Act. He was given the usual 30 days to pay the amount in full or to file an       appeal. (FCC)              **              RADIO LAW: FCC TELLS STATIONS TO CHANGE EAS PASSWORDS              Several broadcast groups are taking precautions to ensure their emergency       alert units are secure. That's in the wake of someone hacking into a       station's Emergency Alert System or EAS encoder/decoder through its       connection to the Internet and programming a fake alert. One which the       device then automatically transmitted.              Soon after the incident the FCC issued an order telling stations that they       must change the passwords for their EAS encoders/decoders. This being       especially urgent if the devices are still set with the factory default       password.              As previously reported, the bogus alerts, which were initially broadcast over       TV stations in Montana and Michigan, warned viewers of zombie attacks. The       fake alerts occurred when someone knew or figured out the default password       of EAS equipment and inserted the fake message into the EAS automatic       forwarding system. (RW)              **              COMMUNICATIONS VANDALISM: LOCK GLUER HITS COLORADO SPRINGS TV STATION              A traffic reporter for Colorado Springs, Colorado station KXRM found he       couldn't get into the downtown studio on Monday morning March 4th. This was       because the locks on the building had been vandalized by filing them with       glue.              Police told KXRM that a substance had been placed in the locks causing them       to malfunction. The lock gluer also hit a Presbyterian church, the El Paso       Democratic Party offices, City Hall and the Colorado Springs Independent       newspaper.              Authorities say that they have identified a possible suspect despite the       downtown surveillance cameras not working at the time. (BCF)              **              RADIO BUSINESS: HAMMOND MANUFACTURING TO TAKE OVER DAHL TRANSFORMER LINE              A follow-up on our recent story concerning the decision by Harbach       Electronics to discontinue the manufacture of the Peter Dahl line of high       performance transformers. Transformers that are used in the design and       manufacture of many high power amplifiers around the world.              Late word is that Hammond Manufacturing of Cheektowaga, New York will be       taking over the Peter Dahl line of from Harbach. According to both Harbach       and Hammond, the two are working swiftly on the finalization of the       acquisition and that the transfer of Peter Dahl brand assets will take place       over the next few weeks.              Both Harbach and Hammond hope to have everything completed no later than       March 31st. Keep an eye on the Hammond website at www.hammfg.com for the       latest updates. (Hammond Mfg.)              **              RADIO BUSINESS: MOUSER ELECTRONICS SIGNS INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTION       AGREEMENT WITH COILCRAFT              Mouser Electronics, a name well known in the ham radio do it yourself       movement, has announced the signing of a new international distribution       agreement with Coilcraft, a leading magnetic component manufacturer, across       the regions of Europe, Asia, Mexico and South America. Through this       partnership, announced at Embedded World in Germany, Mouser is now stocking       a wide range of Coilcraft's magnetic and inductive products for immediate       shipment.              Coilcraft provides magnetic components including high-performance RF chip       inductors, power magnetics and filters in a variety of packages and a wide       range of values. Designer's kits are offered to help engineers learn the       capabilities of these high-performance inductors.              According to Mouser President and CEO Glenn Smith, this agreement with       Coilcraft helps further his company's commitment to providing the newest       products and technologies for design engineers from industry-leading       suppliers. Smith adds that Mouser and Coilcraft are looking forward to a       long-standing and successful partnership together. (Mouser Electronics,       Power Systems Newsletter)              **              HAM HAPPENINGS: DARC HAMVENTION 2013              On the social scene, the 64th Lake Constance and the HAM RADIO 2013       Convention, both organized by Deutscher Amateur Radio Club will take place       from Friday, June 28th through Sunday, June 30th, 2013 in Friedrichshafen,       Germany. This event has long been considered Europe's premiere ham radio       gathering with attendees from around the world coming to take part.              One of the highlights of this years HAM RADIO gathering will be an informal       international meeting for representatives of IARU member societies. It will       be held at the Zeppelin Museum on Friday, June 28th. Event planners say       that they will provide a shuttle bus that will take those attending from the       exhibition halls to the museum.              If you are planning to attend from outside of Europe, the closest major city       to fly into would be Munich. From the United States it is served by several       major airlines including non-stop service from New York's JFK International       and Los Angeles International airports on Lufthansa and United.              More information on HAM RADIO 2013 can be found in the German language at       www.hamradio-friedrichshafen.de. Planners say that they hope that you can       be there this year. (DARC, DF2OO)              **              HAM HAPPENINGS: THE SARL NATIONAL CONVENTION APRIL 26 - 28              The 2013 South African Radio League's National Convention and Annual General       meeting will be held April 26th to the 28th at the Sulla Via Venue not far       from Johannesburg. This years gathering will be hosted by the West Rand       Amateur Radio Club with Kenny Neville from West Rand Astronomy Club as the       featured guest speaker. If conditions are clear Neville's talk may be       followed by a sky gazing party. More information, further program details       and reservation forms should be on-line right now at will be available on       www.sarl.org.za. The planners hope to see many ham radio operators there.       (SARL)              **              BREAK 2              This is ham radio news for today's radio amateur. From the United States of       America, We are the Amateur Radio Newsline with links to the world from our       only official website at www.arnewsline.org and being relayed by the       volunteer services of the following radio amateur:              (5 sec pause here)              **              WORLDBEAT: WORLD AMATEUR RADIO DAY 2013              World Amateur Radio Day is April 18th and according to the International       Amateur Radio Union that sponsors the event the theme this year is Amateur       Radio: Entering Its Second Century of Disaster Communications. Amateur       Radio Newsline's Cheryl Lasek, K9BIK, has the details:              --              According to the IARU announcement, the theme for 2013 of Amateur Radio:       Entering Its Second Century of Disaster Communications is an excellent       opportunity for amateur radio emergency communications groups to take       advantage of the event to highlight the role amateur radio plays in disaster       response.              Among the suggestions are for IARU member societies to arrange ham radio       demonstrations in public places such as parks or shopping areas. The IARU       says that such demonstrations in public areas usually generate inquiries and       questions from the public about amateur radio. It adds that this makes it a       great opportunity to attract new people to become members of the ham radio       community.              The IARU notes that in 2013, April 18th is a weekday but that should not keep       public activity from taking place either on the weekend before or after that       date. Also, if you plan on holding a public demonstration, the IARU says       not to forget to include some young people to show all ages are a part of       this growing world wide public service oriented hobby.              For the Amateur Radio Newsline, I'm Cheryl Lasaek, K9BIK, in Zion, Illinois.              --              More information on World Amateur Radio Day is on the web at www.iaru.org.       (IARU)              **              WORLDBEAT: BBC ACCUSES CHINA OF JAMMING ITS BROADCASTS              The BBC World Service says that its radio broadcasts in English are being       jammed in China, suggesting the Chinese authorities were behind the       disruption.              In a statement issued on Monday, February 24th the BBC said that it has       received reports that World Service English shortwave frequencies are being       jammed in China. It continued by stating that it strongly condemns this       action which is designed to disrupt audience's free access to news and       information.              China, which enforces restrictions on its domestic media, has been accused by       several foreign media distributors of trying to stop their news reports       reaching Chinese audiences. A duty officer at China's foreign ministry had       no immediate comment. (BBC)              **              HAM RADIO IN SPACE: IARU ANNOUNCES FREQUENCIES FOR KOREAN CUBESAT OSSI              In ham radio space related news, the IARU amateur radio satellite frequency       coordination panel has announced the frequencies for the OSSI-1 CubeSat       developed by Hojun Song DS1SBO. The 2 meter downlink will be on 145.980 MHz       with an uplink and downlink on 437.525 MHz.              OSSI-1 is currently planned to launch on April 30th into a 575 kilometer 64.9       degree inclination orbit on a Soyuz-2-1b booster from the Baikonur launch       facility in Kazakhstan. Other satellites to be launched on this mission       include the Bion-M1, SOMP, BEESAT 2, BEESAT 3 and the Dove-2 satellites.       (IARU Satellite Coordination)              **              HAM RADIO IN SPACE: VANDERBILT-AMSAT RADFXSAT CUBESAT SELECTED FOR NASA       ELANA PROGRAM              A joint satellite venture of AMSAT and Vanderbilt University has been       selected as one of the winning projects for the fourth round of their       CubeSat Launch Initiative.              AMSAT partnered with the Institute for Space and Defense Electronics at       Vanderbilt University to develop its winning proposal. The official name of       the project is RadFxSat and it was selected at priority 15 out of the 24       winners.              Project selection was based on technical feasibility and the assessed merit       for conducting technology demonstrations, education, and science research.       The selected projects are eligible for a free launch on NASA Educational       Launch of Nanosatellite missions as auxiliary payloads on launches planned       for 2014, 2015 and 2016. The 24 winning CubeSat proposals came from       universities, a Florida high school, non-profit organizations and NASA field       centers. (ANS)              **              RADIOSPORT: HOLYLAND CONTEST 2013 - APRIL 19 - 20              On the air, word that the 2013 Holyland Contest 2013 will be held from 2100z       UTC on April 19th, and ends at 2100 UTC on April 20th. This year's contest       goal will be to have as many Israeli mobile stations activating many       different and rare squares for the "Holyland Award". Complete contest       details and last year's results are available at       tinyurl.com/holyland-contest-2013. (4Z4KX, IARC)              **              ON THE AIR: DL100OUI CELEBRATES 100 YEARS SINCE FIRST DL - US RADIO       CONTACT              And keep an ear open for the German special event callsign D-L-100-Oh-U-I       which will be on the air throughout 2013. This is in celebration of the       100th anniversary of the first commercial radio contact between that nation       and the United States from village of Eilvese near the city of Hannover.       OUI were the call letters of the German station at that time. The US       station was located in Tuckerton, New Jersey. QSL this one as directed on       the air. (Southgate)              **              DX              In DX, word that TA1HZ will be in Somalia on a humanitarian mission from       March 23rd to April 4th with the organization Yeryuzu Doktorlay. His       primary purpose is as a doctor and but also plans some on the air time       likely from the city of Mogadishu using the call T5TC. His operation will       be on the High Frequency bands using a Kenwood radio and a Windom antenna.       If you work him QSL to TA1HZ as per the details found in www.qrz.com.              OE1MWW will be active from the Maldives as 8Q7WK between March 9th to the       23rd. His operation will be holiday style on the High Frequency bands. QSL       via his home callsign.              DF8DX will be operational from Tanzania as 5H1DX from April 20th to the 28th.       Late reports say that he will be active from different islands including       Pemba. QSL via his home call.              G3RWF will be on the air from Rwanda through March 12th likely usi8ng the       call sign 9X0NH. Activity will be on most High Frequency bands using mainly       CW with some SSB. Logs will be uploaded daily to Logbook of the World. QSL       via G3RWF.              F2FD is now active stroke HR5 from Honduras and should be there through May       20th. He states that he will be active as much as possible on CW, SSB and       RTTY. QSL via F6AJA or Logbook of the World.              SM6CUK will be operational as SA6G/7 from Ven Island between June 10th and       the 17th. Activity will be holiday style on the HF bands. QSL via SM6CUK,       direct or via the bureau.              Lastly, G0VJG will be on the air S79VJG from the Seychelles between April 4th       to the 16th. Activity will be on the 40 through 10 meters using SSB. QSL       via G4DFI.              **              THAT FINAL ITEM: MARCH 15TH EPISODE OF LAST MAN STANDING TO FEATURE HAM       RADIO              And finally this week, Friday, March 15th is the date that ABC will air an       episode of its hit situation comedy Last Man Standing that will involve       amateur radio.              The episode is titled The Fight. In it, central character Mike Baxters       daughter Mandy gets her cell phone taken away. She then uses Mikes home       shack and amateur radio to make friends over the airwaves.              The shows producer John Amodeo, NN6JA. He tells Newsline that while he hopes       amateur radio operators will enjoy watching, that they have to remember the       episode was written keeping in mind the shows 7 million non-ham viewers who       will be tuned in. Even so, he hopes that ham radio-wise the story line       might serve an even more important purpose;              --              Amodeo: "Episode 217 of Last Man Standing is written about ham radio, but of       coarse its written for the general public; so hams will probably notice some       inconsistencies or inaccuracies. But what's most important is that non hams       ask questions about ham radio and perhaps learn something about ham radio;       then we've accomplished something."              --              Last Man Standing stars Tim Allen as Mike Baxter, who holds the fictitious       call KA0XTT and has ham radio as his hobby. The show is produced by 20th       Century Fox Television for the ABC Television Network and airs on Friday       nights at 8 PM Eastern and Pacific and 7 Central. Check your local listings       for the ABC station that carries Last Man Standing in your area.       (ARNewsline(tm))              **              NEWSCAST CLOSE              With thanks to Alan Labs, AMSAT, the ARRL, the CGC Communicator, CQ Magazine,       the FCC, the Ohio Penn DX Bulletin, Radio Netherlands, Rain, the RSGB, the       Southgate News, TWiT-TV and Australia's WIA News, that's all from the       Amateur Radio Newsline(tm). Our e-mail address is newsline (at) arnewsline       (dot) org. More information is available at Amateur Radio Newsline's(tm)       only official website located at www.arnewsline.org. You can also write to       us or support us at Amateur Radio Newsline(tm), 28197 Robin Avenue, Santa       Clarita California, 91350              For now, with Bill Pasternak, WA6ITF, at the editors' desk, I'm Skeeter Nash,       N5ASH, saying 73 and we thank you for listening.              Amateur Radio Newsline(tm) is Copyright 2013. All rights reserved.                     ***              As a Service to the HAM Radio Community and Ham Operators all around the       world, this Amateur Radio Newline(tm) message has been gated from the internet       and posted to you by Waldo's Place USA, 1:3634/12. We hope you enjoyed it!              Please address all comments and questions to the ARNewsletter editor as       described in this posting. If you have any specific questions concerning       the actual posting of this message service, you may address them to       hamfdn -at- wpusa.dynip.com.              Thank you and good day!              -73-                      * Origin: (1:3634/12)    |
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