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   Message 11,963 of 13,334   
   Sean Dennis to All   
   The ARRL Letter   
   20 Sep 18 20:33:39   
   
   ********************************************   
               The  ARRL Letter   
      
   Published by the American Radio Relay League   
   ********************************************   
      
   September 20, 2018   
      
   Editor: Rick Lindquist, WW1ME    
      
   ARRL Home Page   
      
   ARRL Letter Archive   
      
   Audio News   
      
      
   IN THIS ISSUE   
      
   - Amateur Radio Volunteers Still Dealing with Florence's Aftermath   
   - FCC Grants ARRL Temporary Waiver Request to Permit PACTOR 4 Use in   
   Hurricane Relief   
   - The Doctor Will See You Now!   
   - New Beta Version WSJT-X 2.0 Boasts Major Changes   
   - Puerto Rico Amateurs Beefing Up Hurricane Preparedness   
   - Emergency Preparedness Takes Center Stage for 2018 Simulated   
   Emergency Test   
   - Nominations Sought for 2018 ARRL Bill Leonard Award   
   - Proposals to Host Contacts with Space Station Crew Due by November 15   
   - "Get Your Park ON" Operating Event Set for October   
   - The K7RA Solar Update   
   - Just Ahead in Radiosport   
   - Upcoming ARRL Section, State, and Division Conventions   
      
   ARRL Audio News on Hiatus for September 21 There will be no edition of   
   ARRL Audio News on Friday, September 21. It will resume on Friday,   
   September 28.   
      
   ==> AMATEUR RADIO VOLUNTEERS STILL DEALING WITH FLORENCE'S AFTERMATH   
      
   Conventional telecommunications are starting to return to normal in   
   some communities affected by Hurricane Florence, but the now long-gone   
   storm set up others for persistent and record-breaking flooding,   
   primarily in eastern North Carolina and along several of the state's   
   rivers. The storm, which made landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina,   
   primarily affected the Carolinas, Georgia, and Virginia.   
      
   "Things are back to normal communication status, and demobilization is   
   occurring for folks deployed," South Carolina Section Emergency   
   Coordinator Billy Irwin, K9OH, said on September 19. At mid-week, the   
   FCC reported that nearly all cellular service had been restored in   
   South Carolina.   
      
   Over the weekend, ARES volunteers from several South Carolina counties   
   had pitched in to support emergency communication in the face of power   
   and telecommunication outages and heavy rainfall. ARES Richland County   
   Emergency Coordinator Ronnie Livingston, W4RWL, said volunteers in his   
   county staffed the county Emergency Operations Center (EOC) and Red   
   Cross. operators at the State Emergency Operations Center (SEOC) kept   
   in contact with field volunteers in Marion and Dillon counties after   
   conventional telecommunications failed there.   
      
   ARES District Emergency Coordinator EMEA Area 3 Earl Dean, W4ESD, said   
   ARES deployed assets as well as personnel who coordinated with the   
   appropriate agencies. Horry County ARES and ARRL South Carolina Section   
   Public Information Officer (PIO) Gordon Mooneyhan, W4EGM, said radio   
   amateurs set up and organized communication networks to assist local   
   government and emergency agencies, as well as to handle   
   health-and-welfare traffic for affected residents, to let their family   
   members outside the affected area know they were all right.   
      
   In North Carolina, storm surge had caused flooding in many communities.   
   Ham radio volunteers responded in counties along the coast, including   
   Wilmington, Topsail Beach, Jacksonville, and Morehead City, staffing   
   both EOCs and shelters. Farther inland, numerous ARES teams activated   
   in the face of river flooding to address a combination of sheltering   
   needs for local residents and evacuees. Communication throughout the   
   state has been supplemented by neighborhood-based operators, who   
   reported emergencies to county EOCs. The FCC reported on September 19   
   that nearly one-third of cell service was out in Columbus, Pender, and   
   Onslow counties. The storm also took out several broadcast outlets in   
   the state.   
      
   The Salvation Army Team Emergency Network (SATERN   
   ) activated on September 14 and 15. The net's   
   primary mission was the receipt and delivery of outbound   
   health-and-welfare messages from affected areas.   
      
   The Hurricane Watch Net (HWN ) shut down its   
   activation for Hurricane Florence after 38 hours, shortly after the   
   storm made landfall. The HWN operated on two frequencies simultaneously   
   -- its "home" 20-meter frequency of 14.325 MHz and its 40-meter   
   frequency of 7.268 MHz.   
      
   "While propagation was not good on 20 meters for the period, 40 meters   
   afforded a fairly consistent contact with stations in the area," HWN   
   Assistant Manager Stan Broadway, N8BHL, recounted. Broadway said nearly   
   200 stations checked in, and the net took in approximately twice that   
   number of reports, funneling important information via WX4NHC at the   
   National Hurricane Center (NHC). "Many were not at severe levels, but   
   all 'ground truth' [reports] assist in plotting the activity of the   
   storm," Broadway explained. WX4NHC monitored the HWN and the Voice over   
   Internet Protocol Hurricane Net (VoIPWX ) on   
   EchoLink Conference WX-Talk, node 7203 or IRLP 9219.   
      
   While the storm was still out in the Atlantic, ARRL shipped Ham Aid   
    kits to the affected region -- the same   
   ones that ARRL volunteers took to Puerto Rico a year ago to assist with   
   disaster communications following Hurricane Maria. The ARRL   
   Headquarters Emergency Response team activated on September 12 and   
   remained operational into the weekend. W1AW suspended its scheduled   
   bulletin and code practice transmission on September 14.   
      
   ==> FCC GRANTS ARRL TEMPORARY WAIVER REQUEST TO PERMIT PACTOR 4 USE IN   
   HURRICANE RELIEF   
      
   The FCC has granted an ARRL request for a temporary waiver of   
   §97.307(f) of the FCC's Amateur Service rules to permit the use of   
   PACTOR 4 digital mode for Amateur Radio communication within the   
   continental US related to Hurricane Florence relief. A formal order   
   addressing the request for a 30-day waiver was released on September   
   17.   
      
   §97.307(f) of the Commission's Rules limits the digital data emissions   
   of amateur stations operating below 28 MHz to a symbol rate not to   
   exceed 300 baud, and in the 10-meter band (28.0 - 28.3 MHz) to a symbol   
   rate not to exceed 1,200 baud, thus precluding the use of PACTOR 4.   
      
   PACTOR 4 is a data protocol that permits relatively high-speed data   
   transmission in the HF bands, and many amateur stations active in   
   emergency communications preparedness are capable of using PACTOR 4,   
   which was used to great advantage, pursuant to FCC temporary waivers,   
   in Hurricane Maria relief efforts, and, more recently in preparing for   
   typhoon relief communications in Hawaii.   
      
   ARRL dispatched PACTOR radio modems with PACTOR 3 and PACTOR 4   
   capabilities to the Carolinas.   
      
   ARRL's request proposed limiting the use of PACTOR 4 to radio amateurs   
   in the continental US who are directly involved with the hurricane   
   relief efforts involving the US mainland. "This request is without   
   prejudice to the resolution of Docket 16-239 [the so-called "symbol   
   rate" proceeding], which is presently pending and addresses the rule   
   section discussed herein," ARRL General Counsel Chris Imlay, W3KD,   
   wrote in submitting the request.   
      
   In the September 17 formal Order   
   , the FCC   
   noted that the "symbol rate" proceeding is currently pending, "but   
   there is consensus among submitted comments for eliminating the symbol   
   rate limits."   
      
   In response to a 2013 ARRL Petition for Rule Making (RM-11708   
   ), the   
   FCC proposed   
    in 2016   
   to revise the Amateur Service Part 97 rules and invited comments. ARRL   
   had asked the FCC to amend the Part 97 rules to delete the symbol rate   
   limits in §97.307(f) and replace them with a maximum bandwidth for data   
   emissions of 2.8 kHz on amateur frequencies below 29.7 MHz.   
      
   ==> THE DOCTOR WILL SEE YOU NOW!   
      
   "Tools for the Amateur Station" is the topic of the current (September   
   13) episode of the "ARRL The Doctor is In "   
   podcast. Listen...and learn!   
      
   Sponsored by DX Engineering , "ARRL The   
   Doctor is In" is an informative discussion of all things technical.   
   Listen on your computer, tablet, or smartphone -- whenever and wherever   
   you like!   
      
   Every 2 weeks, your host, QST Editor-in-Chief Steve Ford, WB8IMY, and   
   the Doctor himself, Joel Hallas, W1ZR, will discuss a broad range of   
   technical topics. You can also email your questions to doctor@arrl.org,   
   and the Doctor may answer them in a future podcast.   
      
   Enjoy "ARRL The Doctor is In" on Apple iTunes   
   ,   
   or by using your iPhone or iPad podcast app (just search for "ARRL The   
   Doctor is In"). You can also listen online at Blubrry   
   , or at Stitcher   
    (free registration required, or browse the   
   site as a guest) and through the free Stitcher app for iOS, Kindle, or   
   Android devices. If you've never listened to a podcast before, download   
   our beginner's guide .   
      
   Just ahead: "Volt-Ohm Meters."   
      
   ==> NEW BETA VERSION WSJT-X 2.0 BOASTS MAJOR CHANGES   
      
   As promised   
   ,   
   the WSJT-X Development Group has announced a new "candidate release,"   
   WSJT-X 2.0 rc1. This beta version of the popular digital mode suite   
   incorporates many new FT8 and MSK144 features that will be of   
   particular interest to the Amateur Radio contesting community. It   
   includes all FT8 DXpedition Mode changes already developed in WSJT-X   
   1.9.1.   
      
   "Enhancements to the FT8 decoder ensure that in most situations   
   decoding sensitivity is slightly better than for the old protocol.   
   Symbol rates and occupied bandwidths are the same as before, and   
   false-decode rates are significantly lower," the user notes explain.   
   "The decoding threshold for MSK144 is a fraction of a decibel higher   
   than before, owing to the slightly larger message payload and higher   
   code rate." WSJT-X 2.0 introduces no significant changes to the JT4,   
   JT9, JT65, QRA64, ISCAT, Echo, or FreqCal protocols.   
      
   The new features are summarized   
      
   on the WSJT-X website and in the Quick-Start Guide to WSJT-X 2.0   
   .   
   Contest-related changes include:   
      
   - Support for standard ARRL Field Day exchanges, such as 6A SNJ.   
      
   - Better support for North American VHF contests, with improved   
   handling of grids and /r rover call sign designators.   
      
   - Six-character locators and call sign suffix support for portable   
   operators, focused on EU VHF contesting.   
      
   - Support for standard contest exchanges in the ARRL RTTY Roundup, such   
   as 579 MA or 559 0071.   
      
   - Support for call signs of up to 11 alphanumeric characters, to   
   accommodate non-standard and compound call signs.   
      
   Support for new exchanges should expand the ability of contesters to   
   use FT8 and other WSJT-X protocols during contests that allow digital   
   contacts and where the exchange is a traditional signal report and   
   state/province/country.   
      
   According to the release notes, WSJT-X 2.0 also offers "significantly   
   better sensitivity" (about 1 dB) for the WSPR decoder. In addition,   
   color highlighting of decoded messages provides worked-before status   
   for call signs, grid locators, and DXCC entities on a by-band basis.   
   Color highlighting can also identify stations that have -- or have not   
   -- uploaded their logs to "Logbook of The World" (LoTW) within the past   
   year.   
      
   Those participating in WSJT-X beta tests are expected to report   
    their experiences to the developers   
   and upgrade to the general availability release when it becomes   
   available. Visit    
   the WSJT-X web page for more information.   
      
   ==> PUERTO RICO AMATEURS BEEFING UP HURRICANE PREPAREDNESS   
      
   September 20 is the first anniversary of Hurricane Maria's devastating   
   arrival in Puerto Rico. Today, many amateurs there are better prepared   
   for the next storm or other disaster that could disrupt conventional   
   telecommunications. With this in mind, the ARRL Puerto Rico Section is   
   hosting monthly meetings in various cities around the island   
   commonwealth as part of an effort to establish an Amateur Radio   
   Emergency Service (ARES) organization in Puerto Rico, to be headed by   
   Section Manager Oscar Resto, KP4RF, and Section Emergency Coordinator   
   Juan Sepulveda, KP3CR. The overall initiative would involve recruiting   
   volunteers and holding topic-specific workshops on several topics:   
      
   Using Winlink to send emails over the air, using radiograms,   
   introducing the National Traffic System (NTS), and explaining the new   
   ARES online filing system. Presenters would be Section Traffic Manager   
   Pedro Irizarry, KP3PI, and Section Technical Coordinator Carlos Roig,   
   WP4AOH.   
      
   Constructing NVIS antennas for local HF communication, updating the   
   WP4MR repeater system, where various nets take place, and assembling an   
   Amateur Radio "go-kit" for portable emergency communication.   
      
   Continuing to build relationships with hospitals and municipal   
   emergency management agencies, as well as maintaining the ones   
   established with the Red Cross and the Puerto Rico Energy Power   
   Authority (PREPA-AEE).   
      
   Based on the new Puerto Rico Emergency Management Bureau (PREMB -   
   NMEAD) zone divisions, a 2-meter simplex band plan has been developed,   
   in the event that repeaters go down. Many simplex drills and nets are   
   taking place on a weekly basis.   
      
   Puerto Rico Section Manager Oscar Resto, KP4RF.   
      
      At a September 8 meeting, it was decided to create a new formal net   
   for handling formal traffic via the 145.410 MHz repeater located on the   
   El Yunque summit. Radio amateurs living in the US Virgin Islands were   
   invited to participate as well. Eventually an HF net will be available   
   to send formal traffic to the NTS nets in the US mainland. The 2-meter   
   net is set to start on September 24 at 2200 UTC.   
      
   Special event station K1M will be on the air September 20 - 28 to   
   commemorate the anniversary of Hurricane Maria. "Kilo One Maria" was   
   the call sign used by US Amateur Radio volunteers deployed to Puerto   
   Rico as Red Cross volunteers to help with hurricane recovery. K1M will   
   operate on or around 14.292 MHz and 7.188 MHz. -- Thanks to Puerto Rico   
   Section Public Information Officer Angel Santana, WP3GW   
      
   ==> EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS TAKES CENTER STAGE FOR 2018 SIMULATED   
   EMERGENCY TEST   
      
   The 2018 ARRL Simulated Emergency Test (SET) is just ahead. The primary   
   ARRL-sponsored national emergency exercise is designed to assess the   
   skills and preparedness of Amateur Radio Emergency Service® (ARES®)   
   volunteers as well as those affiliated with other organizations   
   involved with emergency and disaster response. Although the main SET   
   weekend this year is October 6 - 7, local and Section-wide exercises   
   may take place throughout the fall. Those who already take part in   
   public service and emergency activities are getting ready for the   
   annual SET, a dress rehearsal, next month. But, the 2018 ARRL SET is an   
   open casting call for all radio amateurs interested in expanding their   
   emergency preparedness knowledge and skill.   
      
   The annual SET encourages maximum participation by all Amateur Radio   
   operators, partner organizations, and national, state, and local   
   officials who typically engage in emergency or disaster response.   
      
   In addition to ARES volunteers, radio amateurs active in the National   
   Traffic System, Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES),   
   SKYWARN™, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT), Salvation Army Team   
   Emergency Radio Network (SATERN), and a variety of other allied groups   
   and public service-oriented radio amateurs are needed to fulfill   
   important roles in this nationwide exercise.   
      
   The SET allows volunteers to test equipment, modes, and skills under   
   simulated emergency conditions and scenarios. Individuals can use the   
   time to update a "go-kit" for use during deployments and to ensure   
   their home station's operational capability in an emergency or   
   disaster.   
      
   At the national level, ARRL has established formal working   
   relationships with partner organizations and agencies, such as the   
   Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the American National Red   
   Cross, the Salvation Army, the National Weather Service, the National   
   Communications System, the Association of Public-Safety Communications   
   Officials- International (APCO-International), Citizen Corps, National   
   Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (NVOAD), REACT   
   International, Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE), United States   
   Power Squadron, and Boy Scouts of America. Details   
    on these   
   organizations and how they work with ARRL and Amateur Radio operators   
   are on the ARRL website.   
      
   To get involved, contact your local ARRL Emergency Coordinator or Net   
   Manager. Check on upcoming planned activities through local, state, or   
   Section-wide nets. If you don't know already, find out who the   
   Emergency Coordinator is and where the nearest ARES group   
    meets. Your ARRL Section Manager   
   should be able to assist.   
      
   Additional background on the annual SET appears in the article, "2017   
   Simulated Emergency Test Results," in the July 2018 issue of QST.   
   Guidelines and specific SET reporting forms   
    for ARRL   
   Section and Field Organization leaders are posted on the ARRL website   
   for use by Emergency Coordinators and Net Managers, or by Section   
   leaders in charge of reporting this year's SET activity. -- Thanks to   
   Steve Ewald, WV1X   
      
   ==> NOMINATIONS SOUGHT FOR 2018 ARRL BILL LEONARD AWARD   
      
   The ARRL Public Relations Committee is seeking nominations for the 2018   
   Bill Leonard Award , which   
   recognizes this year's best newspaper, radio, or television news story   
   about Amateur Radio. The award honors professional journalists or   
   journalistic teams whose outstanding coverage highlights the enjoyment,   
   importance, and public service value that Amateur Radio offers. It was   
   created as a tribute to the late CBS News President Bill Leonard,   
   W2SKE, an avid radio amateur and advocate. Awards are presented in   
   print, audio, and visual categories.   
      
   Members of the ARRL Public Relations Committee will judge nominations   
   and recommend winners to the ARRL Board of Directors, which will   
   announce winners at its annual meeting next January.   
      
   Award winners in each category (either an individual or a group) will   
   receive an engraved plaque, and a $250 contribution will be made in   
   each winning entrant's name to the charity of their choice.   
      
   Each nominee must be a professional journalist or a professional   
   journalistic team in print, electronic media, or multimedia. The   
   nominee's work must have appeared in English, between December 1, 2017,   
   and November 30, 2018, in a commercially published book, recognized   
   general-circulation (non-trade) daily or weekly newspaper, general- or   
   special-interest magazine (except publications predominantly about   
   Amateur Radio), commercial or public radio or television broadcast   
   (including services delivered via cable), a website operated by a   
   generally recognized journalistic organization (e.g., newspaper,   
   magazine, broadcast station, or network), or multimedia format intended   
   for and readily accessible to the general public within the US. The   
   scope of the work nominated may be a single story or series.   
      
   The story must be truthful, clear, and accurate, reflecting high   
   journalistic standards. Submission may be made by the authors of the   
   work or on their behalf by an individual who believes the work merits   
   the award.   
      
   Submit entries to ARRL Headquarters c/o Communication Manager, ARRL,   
   225 Main St., Newington, CT 06111, by 5 PM ET on November 30, 2018.   
      
   For more information about the award, contact  ARRL   
   Communications Manager David Isgur, N1RSN, or call (860) 594-0328. The   
   nomination form  is on the ARRL   
   website.   
      
   ==> PROPOSALS TO HOST CONTACTS WITH SPACE STATION CREW DUE BY NOVEMBER   
   15   
      
   Proposals   
      
   by school and educational organizations to host Amateur Radio on the   
   International Space Station (ARISS ) contacts   
   with an International Space Station crew member next year will be   
   accepted starting on October 1. Completed proposals are due by November   
   15. ARISS anticipates that the contacts will be scheduled between July   
   1 and December 31, 2019, although crew schedules and ISS orbits   
   determine exact contact dates. A committee of educators evaluate and   
   approve proposals.   
      
   "ARISS contacts allow education audiences to learn firsthand from   
   astronauts what it is like to work and live in space," ARISS said.   
   "These scheduled contact opportunities are offered to formal and   
   informal education institutions and organizations, individually or   
   working together."   
      
   To maximize these radio contact opportunities, ARISS is looking for   
   organizations that will a draw large number of participants and   
   integrate the contact into a well-developed education plan. Because of   
   the nature of human spaceflight and the complexity of scheduling   
   activities aboard the ISS, organizations must demonstrate flexibility   
   to accommodate changes in contact dates and times.   
      
   Educational proposals should include plans for students to study topics   
   related to space technology, space exploration, or space research, and   
   to learn about communication, wireless technology, and radio science.   
   The more advanced preparation educators make with educational plans,   
   the more learning and value the ARISS event will have for students,   
   ARISS said. A Proposal Guide   
      
   can help in planning and identifying what's necessary to host an ARISS   
   scheduled contact.   
      
   Astronaut Reid Wiseman, KF5LKT, at the helm of NA1SS on the   
   International Space Station. [Image courtesy of NASA]   
      
      An ARISS Technical Mentor is assigned to assist educational   
   organizations with technical preparations and logistical coordination   
   of the contact. With the assistance of the ARISS team, ARRL and AMSAT   
   can help in locating a local Amateur Radio group to provide equipment   
   and expertise. In many cases, local ham radio club volunteers may also   
   be able to assist with lessons on communication, wireless technology,   
   or radio science.   
      
   ARRL ARISS-US Delegate Rosalie White, K1STO, quoted one educator who   
   wrote, "Many of our middle school students who participated in and   
   attended our ARISS contact have selected science courses in high school   
   as a result of that contact." Many teachers report setting up ham radio   
   clubs in schools and learning centers because of students' interest   
   prior to an ARISS contact.   
      
   Full information   
    on   
   hosting an ARISS contact is available on the ARISS website.   
      
   Amateur Radio organizations around the world, NASA, and space agencies   
   in Russia, Canada, Japan, and Europe sponsor this educational   
   opportunity by providing equipment on the space station and operational   
   support to enable direct communication between crew on the ISS and   
   students around the world via Amateur Radio. In the US, the program is   
   managed by ARRL and AMSAT in partnership with NASA.   
      
   ==> "GET YOUR PARK ON" OPERATING EVENT SET FOR OCTOBER   
      
   What is hoped will be the first annual "Get Your Park ON" operating   
   event will take place October 14 - 20, in celebration of Earth Science   
   Week. The event is open to Amateur Radio operators around the world and   
   is sponsored by the national affiliates of World Wide Flora and Fauna   
   (WWFF ), which encourages radio   
   amateurs to operate outdoors in protected nature parks.   
      
   During this on-the-air celebration, hams can participate in one of two   
   ways. North American hams can opt to be Activators, setting up and   
   operating in geological and nature centers, such as national and state   
   parks and forests, national monuments, and protected nature habitats.   
   They also may decide to be Hunters, operating from home and searching   
   out and making contact with the Activators.   
      
   "We are trying to have parks activated in all states of the USA and   
   Mexico and all Provinces of Canada," the sponsor's Facebook page notes.   
   "Let's have some fun." The week-long special event is reminiscent of   
   ARRL's popular National Parks on the Air (NPOTA) event in 2016, but   
   extends to a larger set of national treasures beyond those managed by   
   the National Parks Service.   
      
   In October 1998, the American Geosciences Institute organized Earth   
   Science Week, a national and international event to help the public   
   gain a better understanding and appreciation for the Earth sciences and   
   to encourage stewardship of the Earth, a common goal shared by WWFF.   
   Both programs encourage participants to get outside and enjoy nature.   
      
   "Get Your Park ON" begins at 0000 UTC on October 14 and continues   
   through 2359 UTC on October 20. Visit   
    the "Get Your Park   
   ON" Facebook page for more.   
      
   Earth Science Week 2018  engages young   
   people and others with learning resources and activities exploring the   
   relationship between the arts and the Earth systems. This year's theme   
   of "Earth as Inspiration" promotes public understanding and stewardship   
   of the planet. Of special interest to the Amateur Radio community and   
   their families is an "Inspired by Earth" photo contest and an essay   
   contest for students in grades 6 through 9. -- Thanks to Norm Meyers,   
   N9MM   
      
   ==> THE K7RA SOLAR UPDATE   
      
   Tad Cook, K7RA, Seattle, reports: Sunspots are gone again this week,   
   with none observed since September 12.   
      
   The average daily sunspot number declined to zero this week from 7.6   
   last week. Average daily solar flux was unchanged at 68.6, and the   
   average daily planetary A index declined from 12.6 to 9.7, while   
   average daily mid-latitude A index dipped from 10 to 8.3.   
      
   Based on NOAA predictions, solar flux is 68 on September 20 - 26; 69 on   
   September 27 - October 1; 70 on October 2 - 9, and 69 on October 10 -   
   13.   
      
   Predicted planetary A index is 5 on September 20 - 22; 16 and 12 on   
   September 23 - 24; 5 on September 25 - 30; 8 and 10 on October 1 - 2; 5   
   on October 3 - 6; 20, 30, 10, 18, 15, and 8 on October 7 - 12, and 5 on   
   October 13.   
      
   Sunspot numbers for September 13 - 19 were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, and 0,   
   with a mean of 0. The 10.7-centimeter flux was 69.6, 69, 68.5, 69.1,   
   67.8, 68.1, and 67.9, with a mean of 68.6. Estimated planetary A   
   indices were 17, 16, 8, 6, 11, 6, and 4, with a mean of 9.7. Estimated   
   mid-latitude A indices were 17, 11, 7, 5, 9, 5, and 4, with a mean of   
   8.3.   
      
   Share  your reports or propagation observations.   
      
   ==> JUST AHEAD IN RADIOSPORT   
      
   - September 21 -- AGB NEMIGA Contest (CW, phone, digital)   
      
   - September 22 -- FOC QSO Party (CW)   
      
   - September 22-23 -- UK/EI DX Contest, SSB   
      
   - September 22-23 -- Maine QSO Party (CW, phone)   
      
   - September 22 -- AGCW VHF/UHF Contest (CW)   
      
   - September 23 -- Classic Exchange, CW   
      
   - September 25 -- 220 MHz Fall Sprint (CW, phone, digital)   
      
   - September 26 -- SKCC Sprint (CW)   
      
   - September 27 -- RSGB 80-Meter Autumn Series (digital)   
      
   See the ARRL Contest Calendar    
   for more information. For in-depth reporting on Amateur Radio   
   contesting, subscribe to The ARRL Contest Update   
    via your ARRL member   
   profile email preferences.   
      
   ==> UPCOMING ARRL SECTION, STATE, AND DIVISION CONVENTIONS   
      
   - September 21-22 -- W4DXCC/SEDCO Convention ,   
   Pigeon Forge, Tennessee   
      
   - September 21-23 -- Rocky Mountain Division Convention   
   , Albuquerque, New Mexico   
      
   - September 22 -- Washington State Convention   
   , Spokane Valley, Washington   
      
   - September 28-29 -- Wisconsin State Convention ,   
   Milwaukee, Wisconsin   
      
   - September 28-30 -- Mid-Atlantic States VHF Conference   
   , Bensalem, Pennsylvania   
      
   - September 29 -- North Dakota State Convention   
   ,   
   West Fargo, North Dakota   
      
   - October 7 -- Iowa Section Convention   
   ,   
   West Liberty, Iowa   
      
   - October 11-14 -- Microwave Update Convention   
   , Fairborn, Ohio   
      
   - October 12-13 -- Pacific Northwest VHF Conference   
   , Seaside, Oregon   
      
   - October 13 -- Wisconsin ARES/RACES Conference   
   , Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin   
      
   - October 19-20 -- New Mexico State Convention   
   , Socorro, New Mexico   
      
   - October 19-21 -- Pacific Division Convention   
   , San Ramon, California   
      
   - October 20 -- Tennessee State Convention , East   
   Ridge, Tennessee   
      
   - October 21 -- Connecticut State Convention   
   , Meriden, Connecticut   
      
   - November 3-4 -- Georgia Section Convention   
   , Lawrenceville, Georgia   
      
   - November 10 -- Alabama Section Convention   
   , Montgomery, Alabama   
      
   - November 10 -- HamJam 2018 Convention ,   
   Alpharetta, Georgia   
      
   - November 17-18 -- Central Division Convention   
   , Fort Wayne, Indiana   
      
   - December 1 -- Arkansas DX Association Conference   
   , North Little Rock, Arkansas   
      
   - December 7-8 -- West Central Florida Section Convention   
   , Plant City, Florida   
      
   Find conventions and hamfests in your area   
      
      
   ARRL -- Your One-Stop Resource for   
   Amateur Radio News and Information.   
      
   .   
      
   .   
      
   - Join or Renew Today!  ARRL membership   
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   and informative journal, delivered to your mailbox each month.   
      
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   bimonthly, features articles by top contesters, letters, hints,   
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