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                           Astronomy Picture of the Day   
      
       Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our   
         fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation   
                       written by a professional astronomer.   
      
                                   2023 April 17   
      A large red ring is seen high above a landscape that has sparse clouds   
      and a foreground building. Please see the explanation for more detailed   
                                   information.   
      
                            ELVES Lightning over Italy   
                     Image Credit & Copyright: Valter Binotto   
      
      Explanation: What's that red ring in the sky? Lightning. The most   
      commonly seen type of lightning involves flashes of bright white light   
      between clouds. Over the past 50 years, though, other types of   
      upper-atmospheric lightning have been confirmed, including red sprites   
      and blue jets. Less well known and harder to photograph is a different   
      type of upper atmospheric lightning known as ELVES. ELVES are thought   
      to be created when an electromagnetic pulse shoots upward from charged   
      clouds and impacts the ionosphere, causing nitrogen molecules to glow.   
      The red ELVES ring pictured had a radius of about 350 km and was   
      captured in late March about 100 kilometers above Ancona, Italy. Years   
      of experience and ultra-fast photography were used to capture this   
      ELVES -- which lasted only about 0.001 second.   
      
                   Tomorrow's picture: moon shadow, moon shadow   
        __________________________________________________________________   
      
          Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)   
               NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply.   
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                         A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,   
                              NASA Science Activation   
                                & Michigan Tech. U.   
      
   --- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-6   
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