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                           Astronomy Picture of the Day   
      
       Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our   
         fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation   
                       written by a professional astronomer.   
      
                                    2022 May 29   
      
                     Simulation TNG50: A Galaxy Cluster Forms   
       Video Credit: IllustrisTNG Project; Visualization: Dylan Nelson (Max   
                     Planck Institute for Astrophysics) et al.   
      Music: Symphony No. 5 (Ludwig van Beethoven), via YouTube Audio Library   
      
      Explanation: How do clusters of galaxies form? Since our universe moves   
      too slowly to watch, faster-moving computer simulations are created to   
      help find out. A recent effort is TNG50 from IllustrisTNG, an upgrade   
      of the famous Illustris Simulation. The first part of the featured   
      video tracks cosmic gas (mostly hydrogen) as it evolves into galaxies   
      and galaxy clusters from the early universe to today, with brighter   
      colors marking faster moving gas. As the universe matures, gas falls   
      into gravitational wells, galaxies forms, galaxies spin, galaxies   
      collide and merge, all while black holes form in galaxy centers and   
      expel surrounding gas at high speeds. The second half of the video   
      switches to tracking stars, showing a galaxy cluster coming together   
      complete with tidal tails and stellar streams. The outflow from black   
      holes in TNG50 is surprisingly complex and details are being compared   
      with our real universe. Studying how gas coalesced in the early   
      universe helps humanity better understand how our Earth, Sun, and Solar   
      System originally formed.   
      
                     Tomorrow's picture: unexpectedly red rays   
        __________________________________________________________________   
      
          Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)   
               NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply.   
                   NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices   
                         A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC   
                                & Michigan Tech. U.   
      
   --- BBBS/Li6 v4.10 Toy-6   
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