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                           Astronomy Picture of the Day   
      
       Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our   
         fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation   
                       written by a professional astronomer.   
      
                                 2025 September 1   
      A dark spherical body is shown that has many light craters. Please see   
                  the explanation for more detailed information.   
      
                         Callisto: Dirty Battered Iceball   
      Image Credit: NASA, JPL-Caltech, Voyager 2; Processing & License: Kevin   
                                     M. Gill;   
      
      Explanation: Its surface is the most densely cratered in the Solar   
      System -- but what's inside? Jupiter's moon Callisto is a battered ball   
      of dirty ice that is larger than the planet Mercury. It was visited by   
      NASA's Galileo spacecraft in the 1990s and 2000s, but the recently   
      reprocessed featured image is from a flyby of NASA's Voyager 2 in 1979.   
      The moon would appear darker if it weren't for the tapestry of   
      light-colored fractured surface ice created by eons of impacts. The   
      interior of Callisto is potentially even more interesting because   
      therein might lie an internal layer of liquid water. This potential   
      underground sea is a candidate to harbor life -- similar with sister   
      moons Europa and Ganymede. Callisto is slightly larger than Luna,   
      Earth's Moon, but because of its high ice content is slightly less   
      massive. ESA's JUICE and NASA's Europa Clipper missions are now headed   
      out to Jupiter to better investigate its largest moons.   
      
                       Tomorrow's picture: flaming sky horse   
        __________________________________________________________________   
      
          Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)   
               NASA Official: Amber Straughn Specific rights apply.   
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                         A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC,   
                              NASA Science Activation   
                                & Michigan Tech. U.   
      
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