The ARES E-Letter
Published by the American Radio Relay League
********************************************
May 16, 2012
Editor: Rick Palm, K1CE
In This Issue:
IN THIS ISSUE
- Hurricane Season 2012
- Hams Active in Dexter, Michigan Tornado
- Santa Fe (New Mexico) ARES Supports SAR Mission
- Letters: NIMS and ICS Training Tailored to Area Hazards
- Illinois State Rep WV9C Visits Station at Illinois EMA Facility
- ARES Mutual Assistance Team (ARESMAT) Concept
- K1CE For a Final
==> HURRICANE SEASON 2012
The forecast for hurricane season 2012, which begins next month, is a
bit more benign than past years, but that is no reason for complacency.
Prepare now!
EXTENDED RANGE FORECAST OF ATLANTIC SEASONAL HURRICANE ACTIVITY AND
LANDFALL STRIKE PROBABILITY FOR 2012
"We anticipate that the 2012 Atlantic basin hurricane season will have
reduced activity compared with the 1981-2010 climatology. The tropical
Atlantic has anomalously cooled over the past several months, and it
appears that the chances of an El Niño event this summer and fall are
relatively high. We anticipate a below-average probability for major
hurricanes making landfall along the United States coastline and in the
Caribbean. However, coastal residents are reminded that it only takes
one hurricane making landfall to make it an active season for them, and
they need to prepare the same for every season, regardless of how much
activity is predicted. (as of April 4, 2012)" -- Philip J. Klotzbach
and William M. Gray, Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State
University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
ARES and Hurricane Operations
Now is the time for ARES® members to assess their portfolio of
communications equipment and disaster response knowledge. Here are
several tips for amateurs involved with hurricane operations:
- Monitor major HF hurricane networks during events this season. The
Hurricane Watch Net (HWN ) on 14.325 MHz is one of
several key players. It serves either the Atlantic or Pacific during a
watch or warning period and coordinates with the National Hurricane
Center (NHC ) in Miami. Frequent, detailed
information is issued on nets when storms pose a threat to the US
mainland. In addition to hurricane spotting, local communicators may
announce that residents have evacuated from low-lying flood areas.
Other amateurs across the country can help by relaying information,
keeping the net frequency clear and by listening. See the HWN's website
for more information. The net works closely with
WX4NHC , the Amateur Radio station at the NHC.
- The SATERN Net (Salvation Army Team
Emergency Radio Network) provides emergency communication support to
the Salvation Army and populations at large. They also handle
health-and-welfare traffic. SATERN holds high profile nets on 20 meters
(14.265 MHz) during major hurricanes and has a long history of
excellence, discipline and service. Refer to the SATERN website
for more information.
- The Maritime Mobile Service Net (MMSN ) meets
on 14.300 MHz and is composed of hams who serve and assist those in
need of communications on the high seas. According to its website
, the primary purpose of the net is for handling
traffic from maritime mobile stations. The network is recognized by the
United States Coast Guard and has an excellent working relationship
with that agency. The MMSN has handled hundreds of incidents involving
vessels in distress and medical emergencies in remote locations, as
well as passing health and welfare traffic in and out of affected
areas. They also work closely with the NWS and NHC by relaying weather
reports from maritime stations.
- The VoIP SKYWARN and Hurricane Net operates
by combining both the EchoLink and IRLP linked repeater networks, while
handling critical wide area communications during major severe weather
and tropical events. These operations have gained national stature in
recent years and the net is a critical partner with WX4NHC. Whenever
tropical weather is imposing a threat to the US mainland and certain
other areas of interest, the VoIP WX net will be fully operational. See
the VoIP SKYWARN and Hurricane Net website for
more information.
Florida Hurricane Net on D-STAR
The Florida Hurricane Net is a D-STAR net that meets each Monday night
on D-STAR Reflector 034A at 2100 EST. The primary purpose of the Net is
to provide training to ARES members in the three Florida ARRL Sections
and hurricane emergency communications in the State of Florida for
served agencies if a hurricane or other disaster is threatening or
strikes Florida. Although this net is focused on training and support
for ARES members and their served agencies, any Amateur Radio emcomm
operator or organization is welcome and encouraged to participate in
the net. In addition to hurricanes, the net can and will be activated
by any major emergency of state wide or regional significance where it
would be necessary to provide communications for and to served agencies
and/or the State Emergency Operations Center.
To participate in the net, repeaters and Dongle users should connect
directly to REF034A. D-STAR stations using their local repeater should
have their radio programmed for local use with CQCQCQ in the UR field
and their local repeater's gateway in RPT2.
The net takes check-ins using the Quick Key Format to transmit your
callsign. When your Section is called, key your radio or Dongle for one
second only when the frequency is clear. Net Control will acknowledge
all check-ins seen. -- Journal of the North East Florida D-STAR
Repeater Network
________
During hurricane events, there are usually two or three regional nets
(usually on 40 or 20 meters) that spring to prominence as major key
assets to the disaster response on an ad hoc basis. Watch for these
nets, as well as the nationally recognized networks described above,
this season. Don't transmit on their frequencies unless you are
absolutely sure you have something substantive to add, and then only
under the direction of the net control station.
ARRL Emergency Preparedness Manager Mike Corey, KI1U, adds that when
ARES® activates in response to any tropical event, it is crucial that
information flows up through the Section and is reported to
Headquarters. "These reports allow us to develop the situational
awareness and disaster intelligence that is required for us as an
organization to support the Sections that are impacted," he explained.
"In this way, we are able to respond to relevant requests from the
media and finally to coordinate with the governmental and
non-governmental organizations. This information also allows us to make
the decision at Headquarters on whether to stand up the ARRL HQ
Emergency Response Team to support and coordinate the operations."
==> HAMS ACTIVE IN DEXTER, MICHIGAN TORNADO
On Thursday, March 15, at around 5:15 pm, the village of Dexter,
Michigan was struck by what the National Weather Service (NWS) has
confirmed as an EF-3 tornado, with maximum wind speeds of 135-140 mph.
The storm was on the ground for roughly half-an-hour, moving to the
southeast before making a left turn. The NWS estimated the path as a
little over seven miles long and roughly 800 yards wide. Though the
storm caused considerable damage to structures and personal property,
no one was seriously injured or killed.
Reports indicated that this welcome outcome was due primarily to
Washtenaw County's system of warning sirens. Other reports give credit
to the SKYWARN® network of spotters, trained by the NWS to recognize
conditions leading up to severe weather, what it is and what can
generate it. SKYWARN volunteers served to give the NWS forecasters the
information they needed of what is actually happening in the field,
information that they can't get from their instruments, the so-called
"ground-truth." While meteorologists monitored conditions in the
atmosphere above that lead to severe weather, the destruction occurs at
ground level, literally "under-the-radar."
SKYWARN spotters reported conditions from the safety of their homes,
but also ventured out in the field to provide information in the
territory that normally wouldn't be covered. Information was
transmitted back to not only the National Weather Service, but to
county emergency service departments and county dispatch centers.
The hams of Washtenaw County, in the field during their SKYWAN net,
were among the first to confirm the existence of a wall cloud; and
confirm it was rotating and that a tornado was forming. For their
efforts, they were pelted by debris and hail, and suffered damage to
their vehicles, including a shattered window.
During "peacetime," the hams of Washtenaw County as well as other
counties throughout the state, position themselves near the county's
warning sirens during the monthly test, providing information on the
sirens that are working and which need maintenance. - Pat Mullett,
KC8RTW, Michigan Section Public Information Officer, kc8rtw@arrl.net
==> SANTA FE (NEW MEXICO) ARES SUPPORTS SAR MISSION
From Wednesday, March 15, through Saturday, March 18, Santa Fe ARES
(SFARES) participated in a search and rescue effort for a lost 51
year-old male. Seven SFARES members supported the mission in two teams
from its SAR Communications Group. Unfortunately, the missing subject
has not been found yet.
The SFARES SAR Communication Teams (KE5TFU and N4VIP for Thursday's
activity and N5XDF and NM5AK for Saturday's effort) were requested to
provide communications support for the mission on the Taos/Colfax
county line, 28 miles East of Costilla, New Mexico on mostly back
roads. On arrival at Incident Base, the operators noted that
communications were going to be challenging due to the terrain. It was
also cold: 19 degrees with a steady wind at Incident Base.
On Thursday, the Incident Commander assigned Kenneth Robinson, KE5TFU,
to be positioned one half mile up the road from Incident Base, while
Don Hinsman, N4VIP, would remain at Incident Base. The plan called for
KE5TFU up the road to talk to the State Police Mission helicopter on
VHF channel SAR1 and N4VIP would talk to the other teams on channel
SAR3. KE5TFU and N4VIP would use channel SAR2 to communicate between
themselves.
Prior to splitting the team and assigning them to the two locations,
the Logistics Chief had requested the development of a Communications
Plan (ICS 205) but there was never an opportunity to prepare it. Also,
KE5TFU and N4VIP had determined that there were at least two amateur
repeaters and two more Megalink
repeaters
available for use, but the Incident Commander made it clear that he did
not want the use of amateur repeaters due to the risk that news media
personnel might be listening.
Prior to the departure of each search team, radio checks were conducted
on SAR3. It was quickly noticed that once a team departed for their
assignments, the terrain could block line-of-sight communications, so
the Incident Commander requested that a radio check and position report
be conducted with each team every 30 minutes. Position reports were
made in the standard 2 group UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator
coordinate) system. Each position report made to Incident Base was
repeated back to the team to ensure 100% copy. The Operations Section
Chief would then ask N4VIP to repeat the UTM coordinates to him and he
would then plot the positions.
Regular communications between the Incident Base and the search teams
started at 0900 and continued until 1900 with a steady tempo. Almost
all communications were in the form of a radio check and a position
report. When a team would report finding a shoe print or a shell casing
or a cigarette stub, the exact UTM coordinates were passed to Incident
Base. Incident Base would request more detailed information on the
find.
A ½ wavelength antenna was installed on a magmount on top of the truck
used as the Command Post. The Planning Section Chief, Operations
Section Chief and N4VIP fully occupied the tailgate. The Incident
Commander was parked immediately behind the tailgate and would hover
nearby looking at the map plots. The Operations Section Chief would
plot the location of all routes followed by the teams and the location
of all found items.
KE5TFU made all communications with the helicopter. Search area
assignments were developed by the Operations Section Chief and passed
from N4VIP to KE5TFU (on SAR2) and then on to the helicopter on SAR1.
The helicopter crew used latitude/longitude instead of UTM so search
assignments passed to the helicopter had to be passed in
latitude/longitude, which required the Operations Section Chief to
convert UTM coordinates.
For the Saturday effort, Charles Rogers, KJ5KU, with the Los Alamos
ARES Group was at the Incident Base with the Los Alamos ARES
communications trailer and had spent the night at Incident Base after
working communications for the mission on Friday. The communications
trailer was set up for both amateur 2-meter operations and SAR VHF
operations with a J-pole antenna on a mast for each. The trailer also
had two generators running: a very quiet Honda 2000i powering the
lights and radios (and associated batteries); and a fairly loud Coleman
camp generator running an electric heater.
On Saturday, given the large number of search teams that would be
participating, it was decided to organize the search into two Strike
Teams with multiple sub teams under each. Strike Team 1 and its sub
teams were assigned the SAR3 VHF frequency, and Strike Team 2 and its
sub teams were assigned SAR2 VHF. SAR1 VHF was used for the Strike Team
Leaders to communicate back to Incident Base and via the Civil Air
Patrol (CAP) plane that was providing overhead relay support (referred
to has High Bird or HB). In addition, Family Radio Service (FRS)
channel 1 (no tone) was used within the Incident Base for a command
network.
Alexander Kent, NM5AK, had brought three FRS radios and the Safety
Officer also had several allowing an FRS radio individually for Comms,
Incident Commander, Operations, Logistics, and Safety plus a backup.
One Amateur Radio frequency and repeater were also used -- the Angel
Fire repeater (147.34 MHz) -- to communicate with Hollis Atkinson,
N5LEM, who was relaying coordination information from the outside world
since there was no cellular phone service at Incident Base.
Throughout Saturday's operational period, Terence Morton, N5XDF,
usually manned the SAR radio as communicator while NM5AK recorded all
communications in the log and manned the FRS and amateur radios. It
wasn't unusual for activity to occur on two or three (SAR, Amateur,
FRS) radios at the same time. Approximately five pages of communication
logs were filled during the period from 0900 to 1600. All logs,
messages, and the communication plan were given to the Operations Chief
at the end of the operational period.
After the missions, a debriefing of both teams with SFARES' Management
Group resulted in a detailed description of the "Lessons Learned" and
an accompanying set of recommendations on ways to improve. -- Don
Hinsman, N4VIP, Santa Fe, New Mexico ARES EC; Santa Fe and San Miguel
Counties DEC
[The New Mexico Emergency Services Council (NMESC) holds the FCC
license for the Primary SAR frequency and new Secondary SAR
frequencies, and it authorizes these VHF and UHF frequencies for
current NMESC member teams to operate in New Mexico SAR (State Mission
Number Issued) activities and training.
All traffic is carried out using plain English only. The only
acceptable deviation from this rule is the condition or "death" message
assigned when the mission is started. No use of these frequencies other
than during a SAR Mission or a SAR training exercise is permitted.
The Primary SAR Frequency (155.160 MHz) is used by teams in the field
for communication with Incident Base and other teams in the field. It
is not used for intra-team communication while on a SAR mission. Teams
are expected to use a SAR Secondary Frequency or their own FCC licensed
team frequency for intra-team communications.
The Secondary SAR Frequencies 151.370 MHz and159.285 MHz are assigned
for use by the Incident Commander as appropriate for the particular
mission and circumstances. -- NMESC. See the New Mexico Search and
Rescue Council's website for a good look at
current SAR protocols and methodologies. -- ed.]
==> LETTERS: NIMS AND ICS TRAINING TAILORED TO AREA HAZARDS
There are different threat dynamics that impact different jurisdictions
and geographic areas. For example, Pennsylvania may be affected by
floods and mudslides, while California is affected more by earthquakes
and wildfires. Organizations should use their jurisdictions'
hazard/threat analyses to determine the types of incidents most likely
to occur in their areas and tailor their NIMS/ICS training accordingly.
Our community goal and objective is to train our personnel to NIMS
typing and qualification standards based on these analyses.
Also, there is a drastic difference between a population of 2,993 town
residents and nearly 13,684 county residents, from a city of 3,792,621
and a county population of 37,691,912 when it involves planning,
training, certifying, exercising, qualifying, and credentialing
personnel resources to a hazard/threat analysis. The population dynamic
must also be taken into account. -- Michael J. Cyran, WD6ALM, Master
Exercise Practitioner (MEP); Communitions Unit Leader (COML); Los
Angeles, California
==> ILLINOIS STATE REP WV9C VISITS STATION AT ILLINOIS EMA FACILITY
Illinois State Representative Chuck Krezwick, WV9C (Orland Park, IL),
the only amateur licensee in the state General Assembly, visited the
RACES station (NC9IL) at the Illinois Emergency Management Agency
facility at Springfield recently. The tour was set up by ARRL Illinois
legislative liaison Charlie Richey, K9DUE. Also on the tour was Jim
Pitchford, N9LQF, Emergency Coordinator, who had just returned from
tornado-ravaged southern Illinois. -- Thanks, Ben Kiningham, K9IDQ,
Petersburg, Illinois
==> ARES MUTUAL ASSISTANCE TEAM (ARESMAT) CONCEPT
The ARESMAT concept recognizes that a neighboring section's ARES
resources can be quickly overwhelmed in a large-scale disaster. ARES
members in the affected areas may be preoccupied with mitigation of
their own personal situations and therefore not be able to respond in
local ARES operations. Accordingly, communications support must come
from ARES personnel outside the affected areas. This is when help may
be requested from neighboring sections' ARESMAT teams.
To effect inter-sectional support mechanisms, each Section Emergency
Coordinator (SEC) should consider adopting the following principles in
their ARES planning:
- Pre-disaster planning with other sections in the Division, and
adjoining sections outside the Division. Planning should be conducted
through written memoranda, and in-person at conventions and
director-called cabinet meetings. An ARESMAT inter-sectional emergency
response plan should be drafted.
- Development of a roster of ARESMAT members able, willing and trained
to travel to neighboring sections to provide communication support
inside the disaster area.
- Inter-sectional communication/coordination during and immediately
following the onslaught of the disaster.
- Post-event evaluation and subsequent revision/updating of the
inter-sectional emergency response plan.
When developing ARESMAT functions, ARES leadership should include the
following basic action elements:
Pre-Departure Functions
Team leaders should provide ARESMAT members with notification of
activation/assignment. Credentials should be provided for recognition
by local authorities. They should provide a general and technical
briefing on information drawn principally from the requesting
authority, supplemented by reports from Amateur Radio, commercial
radio, W1AW bulletins and ARRL officials. The briefing should include
an overview of equipment and communication needs, ARESMAT leadership
contacts and conditions in the disaster area.
The host SEC's invitation, transportation (including routes in disaster
area) and accommodations considerations, and expected length of
deployment should all also be reviewed with the team members.
In-Travel Functions
Before and while in travel to the affected areas, team leaders should
review the situation's status with the team: job assignments,
checklists, affected area profile, mission disaster relief plan,
strengths and weaknesses of previous and current responses, maps,
technical documents, contact lists, tactical operation procedures and
response team requirements.
Arrival Functions
Upon arrival, team leaders should check with host ARES officials and
obtain information about frequencies in use, current actions, available
personnel, communication and computer equipment, and support facilities
that could be used by the team to support the relief effort. The host's
ARES plan in effect for the disaster should be obtained. A priority
upon arrival should be the establishment of an initial intra-team
communication network and an HF or VHF channel back to the home section
for morale traffic.
Team leaders should meet with served agencies, Amateur Radio clubs'
communications staff, local ARRL communications authority, and others
as needed to obtain information and coordinate the use of frequencies.
Communication site selections should take into account team
requirements and local constraints.
In-situ Functions
Team leaders should make an initial assessment of functioning
communication facilities, and monitor host ARES officials'
communications, and other response team relief efforts to coordinate
operations and reduce duplication of effort. Team members should be
monitored and their capabilities to perform their duties evaluated.
Proper safety practices and procedures must be followed. A daily
critique of communication effectiveness with served units and
communication personnel should be conducted.
Pre-Demobilization and Demobilization Functions
An extraction procedure for ham communicators should be negotiated with
served agencies and host ARES officials before it is needed. To get
volunteers' commitment to travel and participate, they must be assured
that there will be an end to their commitment. Open-ended commitments
of volunteers are undesirable, partly because they make potential
volunteers hesitate to become involved.Leaders must coordinate with the
host ARES officials and served agencies, and other functions to
determine when equipment and personnel are no longer needed. A
demobilization plan should be in effect.
A team critique, begun on the trip home, should be conducted.
Individual performance evaluations on team members should be prepared.
Copies of critiques should be sent to both the home SEC and in-disaster
SEC. Problems stemming from personality conflicts should be addressed
and/or resolved outside of formal reports, as they only provide
distractions to the reports. Equipment should be accounted for.
A post-event evaluation meeting should always be conducted, and a final
report prepared so that an update to the inter-sectional ARESMAT plan
can be made.
ARESMAT Member Qualifications
The individual filling the role of ARESMAT member must have high
performance standards, qualifications, experience, and the ability to
work with a diverse group of team members that will be required to
provide relief to the affected areas. He or she must be able to work
efficiently in a disaster relief operation under the most adverse
conditions.
Additionally, a member should have demonstrated ability to be an
effective team player, in crisis situations, a strong personal desire
and strong interpersonal communication skills. A knowledge of how ARRL,
Red Cross and other agencies function at both the national and local
levels is helpful. A working knowledge of the incident command system
is useful as many events are managed under this system.
Members should be respected and recognized by officials and peers as
competent communicators and should understand a broad range of disaster
response organizations' capabilities and communication requirements.
Important: Members must be available with the consent of their employer
to participate! They should be physically fit to perform arduous work
under adverse environmental conditions.
Summary
It should be noted that there is a fine balance of authority over a
deployed ARESMAT. The in-disaster SEC (or delegated authority) should
be able to make decisions as to use and deployment of an incoming team.
Therefore, an incoming team should be prepared to submit themselves to
such authority; this is evidenced by the fact that any team, internal
or external, has only a limited view of the overall operation. The
supervising authorities will have a better overview of the whole
situation.
In turn, however, the in-disaster authority should be discouraged from
abusing the resources of incoming teams. Should a team no longer be
required, or a situation de-escalate, the team should be released at
the earliest possible time, so that they may return home to their own
lives.
The ARESMAT tool should be one of last resort. Whenever possible,
amateurs from the affected section should be used for support. It is a
lot to ask of a volunteer to travel far from home, family and job for
extended periods of arduous and potentially dangerous work.
==> K1CE FOR A FINAL
I particularly enjoyed including N4VIP's after-action report on a
recent New Mexico SAR mission above in this issue. New Mexico has a
longstanding reputation as a leader in the development and enhancement
of SAR protocols and methodologies out of pure need: many subjects are
lost in the vastness of many of the remote parts of the state, as well
as more populated areas. It is noted that much of the participating ham
operators communications were conducted on state VHF and UHF
frequencies reserved for SAR missions, not on amateur frequencies. The
message I took away from this is that ARES members can make themselves
more valuable to served agencies if they are able to operate radios
from other services, and know their different protocols, rules and
regulations, guidelines and principles. Kudos to the New Mexico ARES
community for their "extended range."
_________
Fred Kleber, K9VV, has been appointed as Section Manager of the Virgin
Islands Section beginning May 1, 2012. Kleber, of Christiansted, is
taking the reins from John Ellis, NP2B, who is planning to move out of
the Section soon. Ellis has been Section Manager of the Virgin Islands
since 1996. Kleber has served as the Section Emergency Coordinator of
the Virgin Islands this past year.
I traveled and visited with John Ellis, NP2B, on numerous occasions
over the years, as he was and is one of the main emcomm go-to guys for
not only the US Virgin Islands, but also for the entire Caribbean
basin. His knowledge and contacts were invaluable to ARRL interests in
emcomms in the region. John is also a good personal friend, with his
enthusiasm and big smile always in evidence. Good luck in your future
endeavors, John, and thanks for all you did for ARRL as Section Manager
and otherwise.
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==============================
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