MSGID: 1:317/3 64b220f6   
   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   TID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
    Stellar cradles and graves seen in farthest galaxy ever    
      
     Date:   
         July 14, 2023   
     Source:   
         National Institutes of Natural Sciences   
     Summary:   
         New observations have distinguished the sites of star formation   
         and a possible site of star death from the surrounding nebula in   
         a galaxy 13.2 billion light-years away. This is the farthest that   
         such structures have been observed.   
      
      
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   New observations using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array   
   (ALMA) have distinguished the sites of star formation and a possible   
   site of star death from the surrounding nebula in a galaxy 13.2 billion   
   light-years away.   
      
   This is the farthest that such structures have been observed.   
      
   A team led by Yoichi Tamura, an astronomer at Nagoya University, attempted   
   high-resolution observations of MACS0416_Y1, located 13.2 billion   
   light-years away in the constellation Eridanus. Previous observations   
   of this galaxy by the same team had detected radio waves emitted by   
   both oxygen and dust, two components of interstellar nebulae. Detailed   
   observations of the distribution of dust and oxygen can provide clues   
   about how stars are born and die within nebulae, but the observations   
   had lacked the resolution needed to see the structure of the nebulae.   
      
   This time the team observed with ALMA for 28 hours, zooming in on   
   MACS0416_Y1.   
      
   The results showed that the dust signal regions and oxygen emission   
   regions are intricately intertwined, avoiding each other, suggesting   
   the process where newly formed stars within the nebulae ionize the   
   surrounding gas.   
      
   Furthermore, the team found a massive cavity spanning approximately 1,000   
   light-years in the dust dominated regions. When many new, massive and   
   short- lived stars are born together, the resulting successive supernova   
   explosions create enormous "superbubbles" in the nebulae. The discovered   
   cavity may indeed be such a superbubble.   
      
   Takuya Hashimoto from the University of Tsukuba describes the observation   
   performance as follows: "It corresponds to capturing the extremely   
   weak light emitted by two fireflies located 3 centimeters apart on the   
   summit of Mount Fuji as seen from Tokyo, and being able to distinguish   
   between those two fireflies."  Measurements of the motion of the gas in   
   the nebulae indicate an environment where many stars may form together   
   as massive clusters. Team leader Tamura explains the future prospects   
   based on these results, "In the future, more detailed information can   
   be obtained by conducting high-resolution observations of these star   
   clusters themselves, using instruments such as the James Webb Space   
   Telescope and the planned Extremely Large Telescopes."   
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   Journal Reference:   
      1. Yoichi Tamura, Tom J. L. C. Bakx, Akio K. Inoue, Takuya Hashimoto,   
         Tsuyoshi Tokuoka, Chihiro Imamura, Bunyo Hatsukade, Minju M. Lee,   
         Kana Moriwaki, Takashi Okamoto, Kazuaki Ota, Hideki Umehata,   
         Naoki Yoshida, Erik Zackrisson, Masato Hagimoto, Hiroshi Matsuo,   
         Ikkoh Shimizu, Yuma Sugahara, Tsutomu T. Takeuchi. The 300 pc   
         Resolution Imaging of a z = 8.31 Galaxy: Turbulent Ionized   
         Gas and Potential Stellar Feedback 600 Million Years after   
         the Big Bang. The Astrophysical Journal, 2023; 952 (1): 9 DOI:   
         10.3847/1538-4357/acd637   
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   Link to news story:   
   https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230714114749.htm   
      
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