MSGID: 1:317/3 64acdb06   
   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   TID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   bioelectronic device    
    Tiny transistor enables device to acquire and transmit neurophysiologic   
   brain signals while simultaneously providing power to the implanted device   
      
      
     Date:   
         July 10, 2023   
     Source:   
         Columbia University School of Engineering and Applied Science   
     Summary:   
         Researchers have announced that they have developed the first stand-   
         alone, conformable, fully organic bioelectronic device that can   
         not only acquire and transmit neurophysiologic brain signals,   
         but can also provide power for device operation.   
      
      
         Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIN Email   
      
   ==========================================================================   
   FULL STORY   
   ==========================================================================   
   As researchers make major advances in medical care, they are also   
   discovering that the efficacy of these treatments can be enhanced by   
   individualized approaches. Therefore, clinicians increasingly need   
   methods that can both continuously monitor physiological signals and   
   then personalize responsive delivery of therapeutics.   
      
   Need for safe, flexible bioelectronic devices Implanted bioelectronic   
   devices are playing a critical role in these treatments, but there are a   
   number of challenges that have stalled their widespread adoption. These   
   devices require specialized components for signal acquisition,   
   processing, data transmission, and powering. Up to now, achieving these   
   capabilities in an implanted device has entailed using numerous rigid   
   and non-biocompatible components that can lead to tissue disruption and   
   patient discomfort. Ideally, these devices need to be biocompatible,   
   flexible, and stable in the long term in the body. They also must be   
   fast and sensitive enough to record rapid, low-amplitude biosignals,   
   while still being able to transmit data for external analysis.   
      
   Columbia researchers invent first stand-alone, flexible, fully organic   
   bioelectronic device Columbia Engineering researchers announced today   
   that they have developed the first stand-alone, conformable, fully   
   organic bioelectronic device that can not only acquire and transmit   
   neurophysiologic brain signals, but can also provide power for device   
   operation. This device, about 100 times smaller than a human hair,   
   is based on an organic transistor architecture that incorporates a   
   vertical channel and a miniaturized water conduit demonstrating long-term   
   stability, high electrical performance, and low-voltage operation to   
   prevent biological tissue damage. The findings are outlined in a new   
   study, published today in Nature Materials.   
      
   Both researchers and clinicians knew there was a need for transistors   
   that concurrently pose all of these features: low voltage of   
   operation, biocompatibility, performance stability, conformability   
   for in vivo operation; and high electrical performance, including   
   fast temporal response, high transconductance, and crosstalk-free   
   operation. Silicon-based transistors are the most established   
   technologies, but they are not a perfect solution because they are   
   hard, rigid, and unable to establish a very efficient ion interface   
   with the body. ] The team addressed these issues by introducing a   
   scalable, self-contained, sub- micron IGT (internal-ion-gated organic   
   electrochemical transistor) architecture, the vIGT. They incorporated a   
   vertical channel arrangement that augments the intrinsic speed of the   
   IGT architecture by optimizing channel geometry and permitting a high   
   density arrangement of transistors next to each other -- , 155,000of   
   them per centimeter square.   
      
   Scalable vGITs are the fastest electrochemical transistors The vIGTs   
   are composed of biocompatible, commercially available materials that   
   do not require encapsulation in biological environments and are not   
   impaired by exposure to water or ions. The composite material of the   
   channel can be reproducibly manufactured in large quantities and is   
   solution-processible, making it more accessible to a broad range of   
   fabrication processes. They are flexible and compatible with integration   
   into a wide variety of conformable plastic substrates and have long-term   
   stability, low inter-transistor crosstalk, and high-density integration   
   capacity, allowing fabrication of efficient integrated circuits.   
      
   "Organic electronics are not known for their high performance   
   and reliability," said the study's leader Dion Khodagholy, associate   
   professor of electrical engineering. "But with our new vGIT architecture,   
   we were able to incorporate a vertical channel that has its own   
   supply of ions. This self-sufficiency of ions made the transistor   
   to be particularly fast -- in fact, they are currently the fastest   
   electrochemical transistors."  To push the speed of operation even   
   further, the team used advanced nanofabrication techniques to miniaturize   
   and densify these transistors at submicro-meter scales. Fabrication took   
   place in the cleanroom of the Columbia Nano Initiative.   
      
   Collaborating with CUIMC clinicians To develop the architecture, the   
   researchers first needed to understand the challenges involved with   
   diagnosis and treatment of patients with neurological disorders like   
   epilepsy, as well as the methodologies currently used. They worked with   
   colleagues at the Department of Neurology at Columbia University Irving   
   Medical Center, in particular, with Jennifer Gelinas, assistant professor   
   of neurology, electrical and biomedical engineering and director of the   
   Epilepsy and Cognition Lab.   
      
   The combination of high-speed, flexibility. and low-voltage operation   
   enables the transistors to not only be used for neural signal recording   
   but also for data transmission as well as powering the device, leading   
   to a fully conformable implant. The researchers used this feature to   
   demonstrate fully soft and confirmable implants capable of recording   
   and transmitting high resolution neural activity from both outside,   
   on the surface of the brain, as well as inside, deep within the brain.   
      
   "This work will potentially open a wide range of translational   
   opportunities and make medical implants accessible to a large patient   
   demographic who are traditionally not qualified for implantable devices   
   due to the complexity and high risks of such procedures," said Gelinas.   
      
   "It's amazing to think that our research and devices could help physicians   
   with better diagnostics and could have a positive impact on patients'   
   quality of life," added the study's lead author Claudia Cea, who recently   
   completed her PhD and will be a postdoctoral fellow at MIT this fall.   
      
   Next steps The researchers plan next to join forces with neurosurgeons   
   at CUIMC to validate the capabilities of vIGT-based implants in operating   
   rooms. The team expects to develop soft and safe implants that can detect   
   and identify various pathological brain waves caused by neurological   
   disorders.   
      
       * RELATED_TOPICS   
             o Mind_&_Brain   
                   # Brain-Computer_Interfaces # Intelligence #   
                   Learning_Disorders   
             o Matter_&_Energy   
                   # Medical_Technology # Electronics # Graphene   
             o Computers_&_Math   
                   # Neural_Interfaces # Spintronics_Research #   
                   Computers_and_Internet   
       * RELATED_TERMS   
             o Solar_cell o Solar_power o Machine o Nuclear_power_plant   
             o Catalytic_converter o Capacitor o Electroencephalography   
             o Newton's_cradle   
      
   ==========================================================================   
      
    Print   
      
    Email   
      
    Share   
   ==========================================================================   
   ****** 1 ****** ***** 2 ***** **** 3 ****   
   *** 4 *** ** 5 ** Breaking this hour   
   ==========================================================================   
       * 36-Million-Year_Geological_Cycle_Drives_...   
      
       * Six_Foods_to_Boost_Cardiovascular_Health   
       * Cystic_Fibrosis:_Lasting_Improvement *   
       Artificial_Cells_Demonstrate_That_'Life_...   
      
       * Advice_to_Limit_High-Fat_Dairy_Foods_Challenged   
       * First_Snapshots_of_Fermion_Pairs *   
       Why_No_Kangaroos_in_Bali;_No_Tigers_in_Australia   
       * New_Route_for_Treating_Cancer:_Chromosomes *   
       Giant_Stone_Artefacts_Found:_Prehistoric_Tools *   
       Astonishing_Secrets_of_Tunicate_Origins   
      
   Trending Topics this week   
   ==========================================================================   
   SPACE_&_TIME Jupiter Mars NASA MATTER_&_ENERGY Materials_Science   
   Construction Engineering_and_Construction COMPUTERS_&_MATH   
   Artificial_Intelligence Educational_Technology Neural_Interfaces   
      
      
   ==========================================================================   
      
   Strange & Offbeat   
   ==========================================================================   
   SPACE_&_TIME   
   Quasar_'Clocks'_Show_Universe_Was_Five_Times_Slower_Soon_After_the_Big_Bang   
   First_'Ghost_Particle'_Image_of_Milky_Way   
   Gullies_on_Mars_Could_Have_Been_Formed_by_Recent_Periods_of_Liquid_Meltwater,   
   Study_Suggests MATTER_&_ENERGY   
   Bees_Make_Decisions_Better_and_Faster_Than_We_Do,_for_the_Things_That_Matter_to   
   Them   
   These_Lollipops_Could_'Sweeten'_Diagnostic_Testing_for_Kids_and_Adults_Alike   
   Holograms_for_Life:_Improving_IVF_Success COMPUTERS_&_MATH   
   Number_Cruncher_Calculates_Whether_Whales_Are_Acting_Weirdly   
   AI_Tests_Into_Top_1%_for_Original_Creative_Thinking   
   Researchers_Create_Highly_Conductive_Metallic_Gel_for_3D_Printing   
   Story Source: Materials provided by   
   Columbia_University_School_of_Engineering_and_Applied Science. Note:   
   Content may be edited for style and length.   
      
      
   ==========================================================================   
   Journal Reference:   
      1. Claudia Cea, Zifang Zhao, Duncan J. Wisniewski, George   
      D. Spyropoulos,   
         Anastasios Polyravas, Jennifer N. Gelinas, Dion   
         Khodagholy. Integrated internal ion-gated organic electrochemical   
         transistors for stand-alone conformable bioelectronics. Nature   
         Materials, 2023; DOI: 10.1038/s41563- 023-01599-w   
   ==========================================================================   
      
   Link to news story:   
   https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230710180523.htm   
      
   --- up 1 year, 19 weeks, 10 hours, 50 minutes   
    * Origin: -=> Castle Rock BBS <=- Now Husky HPT Powered! (1:317/3)   
   SEEN-BY: 15/0 106/201 114/705 123/120 153/7715 218/700 226/30 227/114   
   SEEN-BY: 229/110 112 113 307 317 400 426 428 470 664 700 291/111 292/854   
   SEEN-BY: 298/25 305/3 317/3 320/219 396/45 5075/35   
   PATH: 317/3 229/426