MSGID: 1:317/3 64a79541   
   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   TID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
    Sweat it out: Novel wearable biosensor for monitoring sweat electrolytes   
   for use in healthcare and sports    
    The device transmits measurements wirelessly and can be seamlessly   
   applied to the outer surface of textiles    
      
     Date:   
         July 6, 2023   
     Source:   
         Tokyo University of Science   
     Summary:   
         Wearable sensors are becoming a promising tool in personalized   
         healthcare and exercise monitoring. In a recent study, researchers   
         develop a novel wearable chemical sensor capable of measuring the   
         concentration of chloride ions in sweat. By using a heat-transfer   
         printing technique, the proposed sensor can be applied to the   
         outer surface of common textiles to prevent skin irritation and   
         allergies, and could also be useful in the early detection of heat   
         stroke and dehydration.   
      
      
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   Wearable sensors are becoming a promising tool in personalized healthcare   
   and exercise monitoring. In a recent study, researchers from Japan develop   
   a novel wearable chemical sensor capable of measuring the concentration   
   of chloride ions in sweat. By using a heat-transfer printing technique,   
   the proposed sensor can be applied to the outer surface of common textiles   
   to prevent skin irritation and allergies, and could also be useful in   
   the early detection of heat stroke and dehydration.   
      
   The remarkable level of miniaturization possible in modern electronics   
   has paved the way for realizing healthcare devices previously confined to   
   the realm of science fiction. Wearable sensors are a prominent example of   
   this. As the name suggests, these devices are worn on the body, usually   
   directly on the skin. They can monitor important bodily parameters,   
   including heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle activity.   
      
   Some wearable sensors can also detect chemicals in bodily fluids. For   
   instance, sweat biosensors can measure the concentration of ions in sweat,   
   providing information on their levels in blood. However, designing such   
   chemical sensors is more complex than physical sensors. Direct contact   
   between a wearable chemical sensor and skin can cause irritation and   
   allergies. In contrast, if the sensor is fabricated directly on a wearable   
   textile, its accuracy decreases due to surface irregularities.   
      
   In a recent study, a research team, led by Associate Professor   
   Isao Shitanda of the Tokyo University of Science (TUS) in Japan, has   
   developed an innovative sweat biosensor that addresses the aforementioned   
   problems. Their work,published online in ACS Sensors on June 15, 2023,   
   describes the use of a technique called "heat-transfer printing" to   
   fix a thin, flexible chloride ion sensor onto a textile substrate. The   
   study was co-authored by Dr. Masahiro Motosuke, Dr. Tatsunori Suzuki,   
   Dr. Shinya Yanagita, and Dr. Takahiro Mukaimoto of TUS.   
      
   "The proposed sensor can be transferred to fiber substrates, and thus can   
   be incorporated into textiles such as T-shirts, wristbands, and insoles,"   
   explains Dr. Shitanda. "Further, health indicators such as chloride   
   ion concentration in sweat can be measured by simply wearing them."   
   The heat-transfer printing approach offers several advantages. For one   
   thing, the sensor is transferred outside of the piece of clothing, which   
   prevents skin irritation. In addition, the wicking effect of the textile   
   helps spread the sweat evenly between the electrodes of the sensor,   
   creating a stable electrical contact. Moreover, printing the sensor on a   
   flat surface and then transferring it prevents the formation of blurred   
   edges that commonly occur when printing directly onto a textile.   
      
   The researchers carefully selected the materials and electrochemical   
   mechanisms of the sensor to avoid risking an allergic reaction for the   
   wearer. After developing the sensor, they conducted various experiments   
   using artificial sweat to verify its accuracy in measuring chloride ion   
   concentration. The change in the electromotive force of the sensor was   
   -59.5 mTV/log CCl-.   
      
   Additionally, it displayed a Nernst response and a linear relationship   
   with the concentration range of chloride ions in human sweat. Moreover,   
   no other ions or substances typically present in sweat were found to   
   interfere with the measurements.   
      
   Lastly, the team tested the sensor on a volunteer who exercised on a   
   static bicycle for 30 minutes, by measuring their perspiration rate,   
   chloride ion levels in blood, and saliva osmolality every five minutes   
   to compare with the data previously gathered by the sensor. The proposed   
   wearable sensor could reliably measure the concentration of chloride   
   ions in sweat.   
      
   The sensor can also transmit data wirelessly, making it useful for   
   real-time health monitoring. "Since chloride is the most abundant   
   electrolyte in human sweat, measuring its concentration provides an   
   excellent indicator of the body's electrolyte balance and a useful tool   
   for the diagnosis and prevention of heat stroke," remarks Dr. Shitanda.   
      
   This research thus demonstrates the potential of using wearable ion   
   sensors for the real-time monitoring of sweat biomarkers, facilitating   
   personalized healthcare development and athlete training management.   
      
       * RELATED_TOPICS   
             o Health_&_Medicine   
                   # Today's_Healthcare # Skin_Care # Heart_Disease # Fitness   
             o Matter_&_Energy   
                   # Wearable_Technology # Detectors # Thermodynamics #   
                   Textiles_and_Clothing   
       * RELATED_TERMS   
             o Hyperthermia o Combustion o Mass_spectrometry o Sweating o   
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   Journal Reference:   
      1. Isao Shitanda, Naoki Muramatsu, Rio Kimura, Nanami Takahashi, Kazuki   
         Watanabe, Hiroyuki Matsui, Noya Loew, Masahiro Motosuke, Takahiro   
         Mukaimoto, Momoko Kobayashi, Taketo Mitsuhara, Yamato Sugita,   
         Kensuke Matsuo, Shinya Yanagita, Tatsunori Suzuki, Hikari Watanabe,   
         Masayuki Itagaki. Wearable Ion Sensors for the Detection of Sweat   
         Ions Fabricated by Heat-Transfer Printing. ACS Sensors, 2023; DOI:   
         10.1021/ acssensors.3c01027   
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   Link to news story:   
   https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230706124552.htm   
      
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