MSGID: 1:317/3 64a794f3   
   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   TID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
    How dietary restraint could significantly reduce effects of genetic risk   
   of obesity    
    Obesity risk genes make people feel hungrier and lose control over their   
   eating, but practicing dietary restraint could counteract this.    
      
     Date:   
         July 6, 2023   
     Source:   
         University of Exeter   
     Summary:   
         Obesity risk genes make people feel hungrier and lose control over   
         their eating, but practicing dietary restraint could counteract   
         this. New research found that those with higher genetic risk of   
         obesity can reduce the effects that are transmitted via hunger   
         and uncontrolled eating by up to half through dietary restraint.   
      
      
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   Obesity risk genes make people feel hungrier and lose control over their   
   eating, but practicing dietary restraint could counteract this.   
      
   New research by University of Exeter, Exeter Clinical Research Facility,   
   and University of Bristol -- funded by the Medical Research Council   
   Doctoral Training Partnership and published in the International Journal   
   of Epidemiology -- found that those with higher genetic risk of obesity   
   can reduce the effects that are transmitted via hunger and uncontrolled   
   eating by up to half through dietary restraint.   
      
   Psychology PhD student, Shahina Begum, from the University of Exeter is   
   lead author and said: "At a time when high calorie foods are aggressively   
   marketed to us, it's more important than ever to understand how genes   
   influence BMI. We already know that these genes impact traits and   
   behaviours such as hunger and emotional eating, but what makes this   
   study different is that we tested the influence of two types of dietary   
   restraint -- rigid and flexible -- on the effect of these behaviours. What   
   we discovered for the first time was that increasing both types of   
   restraint could potentially improve BMI in people genetically at risk;   
   meaning that restraint-based interventions could be useful to target the   
   problem."  Genes linked to obesity increase BMI, with up to a quarter of   
   this effect explained by increases in hunger and uncontrolled (including   
   emotional) eating.   
      
   There are over 900 genes that have so far been identified by researchers   
   as being associated with BMI and several studies suggest these risk   
   genes influence feelings of hunger and loss of control towards food.   
      
   This study examined 3,780 adults aged between 22 and 92 years old from   
   two UK cohorts: the Genetics of Appetite Study, and Avon Longitudinal   
   Study of Parents and Children. Their weight and height were measured, and   
   they provided a DNA sample via their blood to calculate an overall score   
   for their genetic risk of obesity. They then completed questionnaires   
   to measure 13 different eating behaviours, including disinhibition (a   
   tendency to engage in binge or emotional eating) and over-eating due   
   to hunger.   
      
   As expected, researchers found that a higher genetic risk score was   
   associated with a higher BMI, partly due to increased disinhibition and   
   hunger. However, results also found that those who had high levels of   
   dietary restraint reduced those effects by almost half for disinhibition   
   and a third for hunger - - suggesting that restraint may counteract some   
   of the effects of genetic risk.   
      
   There are different types of dietary restraint, including flexible   
   strategies - - such as being conscious about what you eat and deliberately   
   taking small servings -- to rigid strategies, like calorie counting. The   
   study tested the influence of both types of restraint for the first   
   time and found both could potentially improve BMI in people genetically   
   at risk.   
      
   Interventions to facilitate dietary restraint could include changing   
   the food environment (reducing the calorie content or portion size of   
   food) or supporting individuals -- and members of the research team have   
   developed a Food Trainer app (https://www.exeter.ac.uk/research/foodt/)   
   to help achieve that. The app works as a game that trains people to   
   repeatedly stop to high calorie food and research suggests this training   
   may be particularly beneficial for those with a higher BMI.   
      
   The paper is entitled "Mediation and moderation of genetic risk to   
   obesity through eating behaviours in two UK cohorts" and is published   
   in theInternational Journal of Epidemiology.   
      
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   Worthy_of_a_Toast Story Source: Materials provided by   
   University_of_Exeter. Original written by Tom Seymour.   
      
   Note: Content may be edited for style and length.   
      
      
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   Journal Reference:   
      1. Shahina Begum, Eleanor C Hinton, Zoi Toumpakari, Timothy M Frayling,   
         Laura Howe, Laura Johnson, Natalia Lawrence. Mediation and   
         moderation of genetic risk of obesity through eating behaviours   
         in two UK cohorts.   
      
         International Journal of Epidemiology, 2023; DOI:   
         10.1093/ije/dyad092   
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   Link to news story:   
   https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230706124539.htm   
      
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