MSGID: 1:317/3 64a64393   
   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   TID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
    AI tests into top 1% for original creative thinking    
      
     Date:   
         July 5, 2023   
     Source:   
         The University of Montana   
     Summary:   
         New research suggests artificial intelligence can match the top 1%   
         of human thinkers on a standard test for creativity.   
      
      
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   New research from the University of Montana and its partners suggests   
   artificial intelligence can match the top 1% of human thinkers on a   
   standard test for creativity.   
      
   The study was directed by Dr. Erik Guzik, an assistant clinical professor   
   in UM's College of Business. He and his partners used the Torrance   
   Tests of Creative Thinking, a well-known tool used for decades to assess   
   human creativity.   
      
   The researchers submitted eight responses generated by ChatGPT, the   
   application powered by the GPT-4 artificial intelligence engine. They   
   also submitted answers from a control group of 24 UM students taking   
   Guzik's entrepreneurship and personal finance classes. These scores   
   were compared with 2,700 college students nationally who took the TTCT   
   in 2016. All submissions were scored by Scholastic Testing Service,   
   which didn't know AI was involved.   
      
   The results placed ChatGPT in elite company for creativity. The AI   
   application was in the top percentile for fluency -- the ability to   
   generate a large volume of ideas -- and for originality -- the ability to   
   come up with new ideas. The AI slipped a bit -- to the 97th percentile --   
   for flexibility, the ability to generate different types and categories   
   of ideas.   
      
   "For ChatGPT and GPT-4, we showed for the first time that it performs   
   in the top 1% for originality," Guzik said. "That was new."  He was   
   gratified to note that some of his UM students also performed in the   
   top 1%. However, ChatGTP outperformed the vast majority of college   
   students nationally.   
      
   Guzik tested the AI and his students during spring semester. He was   
   assisted in the work by Christian Gilde of UM Western and Christian   
   Byrge of Vilnius University. The researchers presented their work in   
   May at the Southern Oregon University Creativity Conference.   
      
   "We were very careful at the conference to not interpret the data very   
   much," Guzik said. "We just presented the results. But we shared strong   
   evidence that AI seems to be developing creative ability on par with or   
   even exceeding human ability."  Guzik said he asked ChatGPT what it would   
   indicate if it performed well on the TTCT. The AI gave a strong answer,   
   which they shared at the conference: "ChatGPT told us we may not fully   
   understand human creativity, which I believe is correct," he said. "It   
   also suggested we may need more sophisticated assessment tools that can   
   differentiate between human and AI-generated ideas."  He said the TTCT is   
   protected proprietary material, so ChatGPT couldn't "cheat" by accessing   
   information about the test on the internet or in a public database.   
      
   Guzik has long been interested in creativity. As a seventh grader growing   
   up in the small town of Palmer, Massachusetts, he was in a program   
   for talented-and- gifted students. That experience introduced him to   
   the Future Problem Solving process developed by Ellis Paul Torrance,   
   the pioneering psychologist who also created the TTCT. Guzik said he   
   fell in love with brainstorming at that time and how it taps into human   
   imagination, and he remains active with the Future Problem Solving   
   organization -- even meeting his wife at one of its conferences.   
      
   Guzik and his team decided to test the creativity of ChatGPT after   
   playing around with it during the past year.   
      
   "We had all been exploring with ChatGPT, and we noticed it had been doing   
   some interesting things that we didn't expect," he said. "Some of the   
   responses were novel and surprising. That's when we decided to put it   
   to the test to see how creative it really is."  Guzik said the TTCT test   
   uses prompts that mimic real-life creative tasks. For instance, can you   
   think of new uses for a product or improve this product?  "Let's say   
   it's a basketball," he said. "Think of as many uses of a basketball   
   as you can. You can shoot it in a hoop and use it in a display. If you   
   force yourself to think of new uses, maybe you cut it up and use it as   
   a planter. Or with a brick you can build things, or it can be used as   
   a paperweight. But maybe you grind it up and reform it into something   
   completely new."  Guzik had some expectation that ChatGPT would be good   
   at creating a lot of ideas (fluency), because that's what generative AI   
   does. And it excelled at responding to the prompt with many ideas that   
   were relevant, useful and valuable in the eyes of the evaluators.   
      
   He was more surprised at how well it did generating original ideas,   
   which is a hallmark of human imagination. The test evaluators are given   
   lists of common responses for a prompt -- ones that are almost expected   
   to be submitted.   
      
   However, the AI landed in the top percentile for coming up with fresh   
   responses.   
      
   "At the conference, we learned of previous research on GPT-3 that was   
   done a year ago," Guzik said. "At that time, ChatGPT did not score   
   as well as humans on tasks that involved original thinking. Now with   
   the more advanced GPT-4, it's in the top 1% of all human responses."   
   With AI advances speeding up, he expects it to become a key tool for the   
   world of business going forward and a significant new driver of regional   
   and national innovation.   
      
   "For me, creativity is about doing things differently," Guzik   
   said. "One of the definitions of entrepreneurship I love is that to be   
   an entrepreneur is to think differently. So AI may help us apply the   
   world of creative thinking to business and the process of innovation,   
   and that's just fascinating to me."  He said the UM College of Business   
   is open to teaching about AI and incorporating it into coursework.   
      
   "I think we know the future is going to include AI in some fashion,"   
   Guzik said. "We have to be careful about how it's used and consider   
   needed rules and regulations. But businesses already are using it for   
   many creative tasks. In terms of entrepreneurship and regional innovation,   
   this is a game changer."   
       * RELATED_TOPICS   
             o Mind_&_Brain   
                   # Creativity # Intelligence # Educational_Psychology #   
                   Perception   
             o Computers_&_Math   
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             o Mensa_International o Aptitude o Artificial_intelligence o   
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             Cognition o Bioinformatics   
      
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   Link to news story:   
   https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230705154051.htm   
      
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