MSGID: 1:317/3 64a3a078   
   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   TID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
    Inadequate energy intake affects female athletes    
      
     Date:   
         July 3, 2023   
     Source:   
         Aarhus University   
     Summary:   
         Diet and training go hand in hand if you want to achieve the   
         best results. Most athletes know this, and many of them closely   
         monitor their energy intake and training. However, a new study   
         shows that the bodies of female athletes are negatively affected   
         when the athletes consumes too little energy through their diet   
         in comparison with their training volume.   
      
      
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   A new study from Aarhus University shows that when female athletes lower   
   their energy intake and increase their training, their health and the   
   ability of their muscles to respond to training are negatively impacted.   
      
   Diet and training go hand in hand if you want to achieve the best   
   results. Most athletes know this, and many of them closely monitor their   
   energy intake and training. However, a new study from the Department   
   of Public Health at Aarhus University shows that the bodies of female   
   athletes are negatively affected when the athletes consumes too little   
   energy through their diet in comparison with their training volume,   
   explains PhD student Mikkel Oxfeldt. He and Associate Professor Mette   
   Hansen are behind the study.   
      
   "We know that both elite female athletes and active women at times,   
   either consciously or unconsciously, don't have an energy intake that   
   matches their energy expenditure when training. The study shows that   
   insufficient energy intake can negatively affect muscles' ability to   
   respond to training. After just ten days of low energy intake, we began   
   seeing changes to the hormonal system such as a decrease in the metabolic   
   hormone followed by a decrease in metabolism."  The study shows that   
   it is important that women are careful about not reducing their energy   
   intake too much. In fact, they should actually be increasing their energy   
   intake if they increase their training volume, says Mikkel Oxfeldt:   
   "When you don't get enough energy from your diet, your body will begun   
   to pare down processes that require a lot of energy, just like a mobile   
   phone that goes into battery-saving mode. We know from previous studies   
   that it can cause some women's periods to stop. However, our results show   
   that other processes in the body, such as building new muscle proteins,   
   are also affected."  We must confront the unilateral focus on weight   
   Thirty fit women between the ages of 18-30 participated in the study   
   which is part of the Novo Nordic-funded Team Denmark network called   
   'competition preparation and training optimization'. All the women   
   started the study right after the start of their menstrual period and   
   followed a very controlled training and diet regimen for three weeks.   
      
   "Under the supervision of the researchers, the participants carried   
   out individual training programmes aimed at increasing muscle mass,   
   strength and overall fitness. The women's meals were also provided by   
   us. By controlling their training regimen and their diets, we were able   
   to see how much energy they expended and what they ate during the study,"   
   says Mikkel Oxfeldt and continues: "This is the first time that such   
   a well-controlled study has been carried out in this area, where both   
   the diet and training of a group of fit women has been regulated to this   
   extent. During the study, all participants drank doubly labelled water,   
   which is enriched with a trace material. When we combine this tracer   
   technique with the retrieval and subsequent analysis of muscle tissue   
   samples, we can gain detailed insight into the muscles' response to the   
   experimental protocol," explains Mikkel Oxfeldt.   
      
   Mikkel and the research group believe it's necessary to confront the idea   
   that weight loss leads to medals when in fact weight loss can negatively   
   impact a number of the body's systems, including muscles.   
      
   "In recent years, we've heard about public weigh-ins within some elite   
   sports.   
      
   They are part of promoting a culture in which some women are constantly   
   trying to lose weight. However, our results show that this focus on weight   
   loss can have short and potentially long-term negative consequences   
   for women, both in relation to their health and training results. The   
   study will hopefully provide athletes and coaches with a more nuanced   
   picture of possible side effects."  In collaboration with colleagues   
   from the University of Copenhagen and University of Southern Denmark,   
   the researchers behind the study are now investigating how physical   
   performance, the immune system and metabolism are affected by an   
   insufficient energy intake. They hope to one day be able to establish   
   whether there is a difference between how women's and men's bodies react   
   to inadequate energy intake.   
      
       * RELATED_TOPICS   
             o Health_&_Medicine   
                   # Fitness # Diet_and_Weight_Loss # Menopause #   
                   Medical_Education_and_Training # Obesity # Women's_Health   
                   # Sports_Medicine # Gynecology   
       * RELATED_TERMS   
             o Marathon o Weight_training o Functional_training o   
             Athletic_training o Zone_diet o Ophthalmology o Dieting o   
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   Materials provided by Aarhus_University. Original written by Vibe   
   Bregendahl Noordeloos. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.   
      
      
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   Journal Reference:   
      1. Mikkel Oxfeldt, Stuart M. Phillips, Ole Emil Andersen, Frank Ted   
         Johansen, Maj Bangshaab, Jeyanthini Risikesan, James McKendry,   
         Anna Katarina Melin, Mette Hansen. Low energy availability reduces   
         myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic muscle protein synthesis in trained   
         females. The Journal of Physiology, 2023; DOI: 10.1113/JP284967   
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   Link to news story:   
   https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/07/230703133118.htm   
      
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