MSGID: 1:317/3 646d92e2   
   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   TID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
    Calcium rechargeable battery with long cycle life    
      
     Date:   
         May 23, 2023   
     Source:   
         Tohoku University   
     Summary:   
         With the use of electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage   
         systems on the rise, the need to explore alternatives to lithium-ion   
         batteries has never been greater. Researchers have recently   
         developed a prototype calcium metal rechargeable battery capable   
         of 500 cycles of repeated charge-discharge -- the benchmark for   
         practical use. The breakthrough was made thanks to the development   
         of a copper sulfide nanoparticle/carbon composite cathode and a   
         hydride-based electrolyte.   
      
      
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   FULL STORY   
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   A research group has developed a prototype calcium (Ca) metal rechargeable   
   battery capable of 500 cycles of repeated charge-discharge -- the   
   benchmark for practical use.   
      
   The breakthrough was reported in the journal Advanced Scienceon May   
   19, 2023.   
      
   With the use of electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage systems on   
   the rise, the need to explore alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)   
   has never been greater. One such replacement is Ca metal batteries. As   
   the fifth most abundant element in earth's crust, calcium is widely   
   available and inexpensive, and has higher energy density potential than   
   LIBs. Its properties are also thought to help accelerate ion transport   
   and diffusion in electrolytes and cathode materials, giving it an edge   
   over other LIB-alternatives such as magnesium and zinc.   
      
   But many hurdles remain in the way of Ca metal batteries' commercial   
   viability.   
      
   The lack of an efficient electrolyte and the absence of cathode materials   
   with sufficient Ca2+ storage capabilities have proved to be the main   
   stumbling blocks.   
      
   Back in 2021, some members of the current research group provided a   
   solution to the former problem when they realized a new fluorine-free   
   calcium (Ca) electrolyte based on a hydrogen (monocarborane) cluster. The   
   electrolyte demonstrated markedly improved electrochemical performances   
   such as high conductivity and high electrochemical stabilities.   
      
   "For our current research, we tested the long-term operation of a Ca   
   metal battery with a copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticle/carbon composite   
   cathode and a hydride-based electrolyte," says Kazuaki Kisu, assistant   
   professor at Tohoku University's Institute for Materials Research (IMR).   
      
   Also a natural mineral, CuS has favorable electrochemical properties. Its   
   layered structure enables it to store a variety of cations, including   
   lithium, sodium and magnesium. It has a large theoretical capacity of   
   560 mAh g-1 -- two to three times higher than present cathode materials   
   for lithium-ion batteries.   
      
   Through nanoparticulation and compositing with carbon materials, Kisu   
   and his collegues were able to create a cathode capable of storing large   
   amounts of calcium ions. When employed with the hydride-type electrolyte,   
   they produce a battery with a highly stable cycling performance. The   
   prototype battery maintained 92% capacity retention over 500 cycles   
   based on the capacity of the 10th cycle.   
      
   The group is confident that their breakthrough will help advance   
   research into cathode materials for Ca-based batteries. "Our study   
   confirms the feasibility of Ca metal anodes for long-term operations,   
   and we are hopeful the results will expedite the development of Ca metal   
   batteries," says Kisu.   
      
       * RELATED_TOPICS   
             o Matter_&_Energy   
                   # Batteries # Fuel_Cells # Energy_and_Resources #   
                   Materials_Science   
             o Computers_&_Math   
                   # Distributed_Computing # Communications #   
                   Computer_Graphics   
       * RELATED_TERMS   
             o Battery_electric_vehicle o Battery_(electricity) o   
             Alternative_fuel_vehicle o Lithium o Solar_power o Nanoparticle   
             o Fuel_cell o MRAM   
      
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   Story Source: Materials provided by Tohoku_University. Note: Content   
   may be edited for style and length.   
      
      
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   Journal Reference:   
      1. Kazuaki Kisu, Rana Mohtadi, Shin‐ichi Orimo. Calcium Metal   
         Batteries with Long Cycle Life Using a Hydride‐Based   
         Electrolyte and Copper Sulfide Electrode. Advanced Science, 2023;   
         DOI: 10.1002/ advs.202301178   
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   Link to news story:   
   https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/05/230523123849.htm   
      
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