MSGID: 1:317/3 641932f3   
   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   TID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
    First detection of neutrinos made at a particle collider    
      
     Date:   
         March 20, 2023   
     Source:   
         University of Bern   
     Summary:   
         A team including physicists has for the first time detected   
         subatomic particles called neutrinos created by a particle collider,   
         namely at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The discovery promises   
         to deepen scientists' understanding of the nature of neutrinos,   
         which are among the most abundant particles in the universe and   
         key to the solution of the question why there is more matter   
         than antimatter.   
      
      
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   FULL STORY   
   ==========================================================================   
   A team including physicists of the University of Bern has for the first   
   time detected subatomic particles called neutrinos created by a particle   
   collider, namely at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The discovery   
   promises to deepen scientists' understanding of the nature of neutrinos,   
   which are among the most abundant particles in the universe and key to   
   the solution of the question why there is more matter than antimatter.   
      
      
   ==========================================================================   
   Neutrinos are fundamental particles that played an important role in   
   the early phase of the universe. They are key to learn more about the   
   fundamental laws of nature, including how particles acquire mass and   
   why there is more matter than antimatter. Despite being among the most   
   abundant particles in the universe they are very difficult to detect   
   because they pass through matter with almost no interaction. They are   
   therefore often called "ghost particles."  Neutrinos have been known for   
   several decades and were very important for establishing the standard   
   model of particle physics. But most neutrinos studied by physicists so   
   far have been low-energy neutrinos. Previously, no neutrino produced   
   at a particle collider had ever been detected by an experiment. Now,   
   an international team including researchers from the Laboratory for High   
   Energy Physics (LHEP) of the University of Bern has succeeded in doing   
   just that.   
      
   Using the FASER particle detector at CERN in Geneva, the team was able   
   to detect very high energy neutrinos produced by brand a new source:   
   CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The international FASER collaboration   
   announced this result on March 19 at the MORIOND EW conference in La   
   Thuile, Italy.   
      
   FASER enables investigation of high energy neutrinos The properties   
   of neutrinos have been studied in numerous experiments since their   
   discovery in 1956 by Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines. One of the   
   leading experiments to study neutrinos is the Deep Underground Neutrino   
   Experiment (DUNE) being built in the USA. The University of Bern is a   
   key contributor. Experiments like DUNE are general purpose and can study   
   many properties of neutrinos from a variety of sources. One aspect that   
   is not covered is very high energy neutrinos.   
      
   The highest energy accelerator available is the LHC at CERN, where new   
   particles are produced by two beams of protons smashing together at   
   extremely high energy. However, neutrinos have never been detected at   
   any collider because they escape the existing detectors at the LHC.   
      
   The FASER experiment was proposed to fill this gap. "In this experiment   
   we measure very high energy neutrinos produced by the LHC collider at   
   CERN. The goal is to study how these neutrinos are produced, what their   
   properties are and to look for signals of new particles," says Akitaka   
   Ariga, leader of the FASER group at University of Bern's Laboratory for   
   High Energy Physics (LHEP).   
      
   The LHEP is part of the Physics Institute and of the Albert Einstein   
   Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC). "The FASER experiment is a unique   
   idea at the interface between the highest energy colliders and neutrino   
   physics. Often new discoveries are made when taking such new approaches,"   
   says Michele Weber, director of the LHEP of the University of Bern.   
      
   Hidden physics in neutrinos?  For the current observation of neutrinos,   
   the experiment took data at the LHC in 2022. The team detected 153   
   events that are neutrino interactions with extremely high certainty. The   
   neutrinos detected by FASER are of the highest energy ever produced   
   in a lab and are similar to the neutrinos coming from deep-space that   
   trigger dramatic particle showers in our atmosphere or the earth. They are   
   therefore also an important tool to researchers for better understanding   
   observations in particle astrophysics.   
      
   "This achievement is a historical milestone for obtaining a new neutrino   
   source with unexplored features," says Akitaka Ariga. The presented result   
   is just the very beginning of a series of explorations. The experiment   
   will continue to take data till the end of 2025. "There might be hidden   
   physics in neutrinos at high energy scale," says Akitaka Ariga.   
      
   This project has received funding from the European Research Council   
   (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation   
   programme (Grant agreement No. 101002690, FASERnu)   
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   ==========================================================================   
   Story Source: Materials provided by University_of_Bern. Note: Content   
   may be edited for style and length.   
      
      
   ==========================================================================   
      
      
   Link to news story:   
   https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/03/230320143806.htm   
      
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