MSGID: 1:317/3 63e719fc   
   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   TID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
    Virtual and augmented reality: Researchers pioneer process to stack   
   micro-LEDs    
      
     Date:   
         February 10, 2023   
     Source:   
         Georgia Institute of Technology   
     Summary:   
         Researchers are using emerging technology to demonstrate a process   
         that will enable more immersive and realistic virtual and augmented   
         reality displays with the world's smallest and thinnest micro-LEDs.   
      
      
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   FULL STORY   
   ==========================================================================   
   Put on a virtual reality headset and, chances are, it will look like   
   you are viewing the world through a screen door. Current flat panel   
   displays use pixels that are visible to the naked eye, along with small   
   bits of unlit dark space between each pixel that can appear as a black,   
   mesh-like grid.   
      
      
   ==========================================================================   
   Now, researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology, in   
   collaboration with researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of   
   Technology (MIT), have developed a new process based on 2D materials   
   to create LED displays with smaller and thinner pixels. Enabled by   
   two-dimensional, materials-based layer transfer technology, the innovation   
   promises a future of clearer and more realistic LED displays.   
      
   The team published a paper in the journal Naturein February titled,   
   "Vertical full-colour micro-LEDs via 2D materials-based layer   
   transfer." Co-authors also include researchers from Sejong University   
   in Korea, and from additional institutions in the U.S. and South Korea.   
      
   Georgia Tech-Europe Professor Abdallah Ougazzaden and research scientist   
   Suresh Sundaram (who both also hold appointments in Georgia Tech's School   
   of Electrical and Computer Engineering) collaborated with researchers   
   from MIT to turn the conventional LED manufacturing process on its head   
   -- literally.   
      
   Instead of using prevailing processes based on laying red, green,   
   and blue (RGB) LEDs side by side, which limits pixel density, the team   
   vertically stacked freestanding, ultrathin RGB LED membranes, achieving   
   an array density of 5,100 pixels per inch -- the smallest pixel size   
   reported to date (4 microns) and the smallest-ever stack height -- all   
   while delivering a full commercial range of colors. This ultra-small   
   vertical stack was achieved via the technology of van der Waals epitaxy   
   on 2D boron nitride developed at the Georgia Tech-Europe lab and the   
   technology of remote epitaxy on graphene developed at MIT.   
      
   The study showed that the world's thinnest and smallest pixeled   
   displays can be enabled by an active layer separation technology using   
   2D materials such as graphene and boron to enable high array density   
   micro-LEDs resulting in full- color realization of micro-LED displays.   
      
   One unique facet of the two-dimensional, material-based layer transfer   
   (2DLT) technique is that it allows the reuse of epitaxial wafers. Reusing   
   this costly substrate could significantly lower the cost for manufacturing   
   smaller, thinner, and more realistic displays.   
      
   "We have now demonstrated that this advanced 2D, materials-based growth   
   and transfer technology can surpass conventional growth and transfer   
   technology in specific domains, such as in virtual and augmented reality   
   displays," said Ougazzaden, the lead researcher for the Georgia Tech team.   
      
   These advanced techniques were developed in metalorganic chemical vapor   
   deposition (MOCVD) reactors, the key tool for LED production at the wafer   
   scale. The 2DLT technique can be replicated on an industrial scale with   
   high throughput yield. The technology has the potential to bring the   
   field of virtual and augmented reality to the next level, enabling the   
   next generation of immersive, realistic micro-LED displays.   
      
   "This emerging technology has a tremendous potential for flexible   
   electronics and the heterogenous integration in opto-electronics, which   
   we believe will develop new functionalities and attract industry to   
   develop commercial products from smartphone screens to medical devices,"   
   Ougazzaden said.   
      
       * RELATED_TOPICS   
             o Matter_&_Energy   
                   # Materials_Science # Engineering #   
                   Engineering_and_Construction # Graphene   
             o Computers_&_Math   
                   # Virtual_Reality # Spintronics_Research #   
                   Mobile_Computing # Computer_Science   
       * RELATED_TERMS   
             o Virtual_reality o Grid_computing o Emerging_technologies   
             o Information_and_communication_technologies o   
             Quantum_entanglement o Massively_multiplayer_online_game o   
             Mechanics o Computing_power_everywhere   
      
   ==========================================================================   
   Story Source: Materials provided by Georgia_Institute_of_Technology. Note:   
   Content may be edited for style and length.   
      
      
   ==========================================================================   
   Journal Reference:   
      1. Jiho Shin, Hyunseok Kim, Suresh Sundaram, Junseok Jeong, Bo-In Park,   
         Celesta S. Chang, Joonghoon Choi, Taemin Kim, Mayuran   
         Saravanapavanantham, Kuangye Lu, Sungkyu Kim, Jun Min Suh, Ki Seok   
         Kim, Min-Kyu Song, Yunpeng Liu, Kuan Qiao, Jae Hwan Kim, Yeongin   
         Kim, Ji-Hoon Kang, Jekyung Kim, Doeon Lee, Jaeyong Lee, Justin   
         S. Kim, Han Eol Lee, Hanwool Yeon, Hyun S. Kum, Sang-Hoon Bae,   
         Vladimir Bulovic, Ki Jun Yu, Kyusang Lee, Kwanghun Chung, Young   
         Joon Hong, Abdallah Ougazzaden, Jeehwan Kim. Vertical full-colour   
         micro-LEDs via 2D materials-based layer transfer. Nature, 2023;   
         614 (7946): 81 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05612-1   
   ==========================================================================   
      
   Link to news story:   
   https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230210145828.htm   
      
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