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   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
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    Does lifetime exposure to estrogen affect risk of stroke?    
      
     Date:   
         February 1, 2023   
     Source:   
         American Academy of Neurology   
     Summary:   
         People with a higher cumulative estrogen exposure throughout their   
         life may have a lower risk of stroke, according to a new study. The   
         lower risk was found for both ischemic stroke and intracerebral   
         hemorrhage.   
      
      
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   FULL STORY   
   ==========================================================================   
   People with a higher cumulative estrogen exposure throughout their life   
   may have a lower risk of stroke, according to a new study published in   
   the February 1, 2023, online issue of Neurology(R), the medical journal   
   of the American Academy of Neurology. The lower risk was found for both   
   ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage.   
      
      
   ==========================================================================   
   An ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain   
   and is the most common type of stroke. An intracerebral hemorrhage is   
   caused by bleeding in the brain.   
      
   "Our study suggests that higher estrogen levels due to a number of   
   reproductive factors, including a longer reproductive life span and   
   using hormone therapy or contraceptives, are linked to a lower risk of   
   ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage," said study author Peige   
   Song, PhD, of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine in Hangzhou,   
   China. "These findings might help with new ideas for stroke prevention,   
   such as considering screenings for people who have a short lifetime   
   exposure to estrogen."  The study involved 122,939 postmenopausal female   
   participants with a median age of 58 living in China without stroke at   
   the start of the study.   
      
   Participants answered questions on personal factors, such as age,   
   sex, and occupation, as well as lifestyle factors, such as smoking,   
   alcohol use, exercise and medical history. They also answered questions   
   on reproductive health information, including age at first menstruation   
   and start of menopause, number of pregnancies and miscarriages and oral   
   contraceptive use.   
      
   Researchers looked at health insurance and disease registry data to   
   determine which participants had a stroke. During an average follow-up   
   period of nine years, 15,139 had a stroke. Of those,12,853 had ischemic   
   stroke, 2,580 had intracerebral hemorrhage and 269 had subarachnoid   
   hemorrhage, which is bleeding between the brain and the membrane that   
   covers it.   
      
   Participants were divided into four groups determined by their   
   reproductive life span, the number of years from first menstruation   
   to menopause.   
      
   Participants in the group with the shortest reproductive life span had   
   up to 31 reproductive years. Participants in the group with the longest   
   reproductive lifespan had 36 reproductive years or more.   
      
   As a percentage, participants in the longest group had slightly more   
   strokes than those in the shortest group, 13.2% compared to 12.6%. But   
   when researchers adjusted for other factors that could affect stroke   
   risk, such as age, smoking, physical activity and high blood pressure,   
   they found that participants in the longest group had a 5% lower risk   
   of all kinds of stroke.   
      
   When looking at different types of stroke, female participants with the   
   longest reproductive life span had a 5% lower risk of ischemic stroke   
   and a 13% lower risk of intracerebral hemorrhage when compared to women   
   with the shortest reproductive life span.   
      
   Researchers also looked at other factors affecting estrogen levels,   
   such as number of births and use of oral contraceptives, both of which   
   are associated with higher levels, and length of breastfeeding, which   
   is associated with lower levels based on the hypothesis that pregnancy   
   and oral contraceptive use represent relatively higher sustained blood   
   estrogen levels. They found that higher estrogen levels led to a lower   
   risk of all types of stroke, as well as ischemic stroke and intracerebral   
   hemorrhage.   
      
   "Estrogen exposure throughout life could potentially be a useful indicator   
   of a person's risk of different types of stroke following menopause,"   
   said Song.   
      
   "However, more research is needed on the biological, behavioral, and   
   social factors that may contribute to the link between estrogen exposure   
   and stroke risk across a woman's lifespan."  A limitation of the study   
   was that information on reproductive factors was collected mainly based   
   on participants' ability to recall events, and participants may not have   
   remembered such events correctly.   
      
       * RELATED_TOPICS   
             o Health_&_Medicine   
                   # Stroke_Prevention # Heart_Disease # Elder_Care #   
                   Fertility   
             o Mind_&_Brain   
                   # Caregiving # Stroke # Brain_Injury # Intelligence   
       * RELATED_TERMS   
             o Stroke o COX-2_inhibitor o Rofecoxib o Multi-infarct_dementia   
             o Hyperthermia o Nicotine o Sciatic_nerve o Premature_birth   
      
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   Story Source: Materials provided by American_Academy_of_Neurology. Note:   
   Content may be edited for style and length.   
      
      
   ==========================================================================   
   Journal Reference:   
      1. Leying Hou, Shuting Li, Siyu Zhu, Qian Yi, Wen Liu, You Wu,   
      Feitong Wu,   
         Yuelong Ji, Peige Song, Kazem Rahimi. Lifetime Cumulative Effect of   
         Reproductive Factors on Stroke and Its Subtypes in Postmenopausal   
         Chinese: A Prospective Cohort Study. Neurology, 2023; 10.1212/   
         WNL.0000000000206863 DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000206863   
   ==========================================================================   
      
   Link to news story:   
   https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/02/230201195328.htm   
      
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