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   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   TID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   December 2, 2022 - Mauna Loa Erupts   
      
      Mauna Loa   
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      The world’s largest active volcano—Hawaii’s Mauna Loa—has been quiet   
      for the past four decades. But in November 2022, the volcano began to   
      stir.   
      
      The first signs of unrest emerged in early October 2022, when U.S.   
      Geological Survey data showed a tenfold increase in small earthquakes   
      beneath the volcano’s summit caldera—a result of the underground   
      movement of magma. Swarms of earthquakes continued sporadically through   
      November 27, 2022, when new fissures began to spill lava across the   
      caldera floor at 11:30 p.m. local time. Most of the lava fountains were   
      only a few yards tall, though some of the tallest rose as high as   
      100–200 feet (30–60 meters). The lava flows in the caldera had quieted   
      by the next day, although other fissures had become active. As of   
      December 1, four days after the eruption began, only two fissures   
      remained active, and these were located on the volcano’s Northeast Rift   
      Zone. Lava flows were traveling to the north-northeast.   
      
      On November 30, 2022, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer   
      (MODIS) on board NASA’s Terra satellite acquired a true-color image of   
      the Island of Hawai’i. A large red “hot spot” marks the heat from the   
      eruption at Mauna Loa, including the long lava flows that have been   
      spilling from the active fissures. Kilauea volcano is also continuing   
      its low-level eruptive phase on the Big Island. It is located to the   
      east of Mauna Loa and is obscured by cloud cover.   
      
      Although a distinct plume of volcanic gas and ash is not visible in   
      this image, the blue-tinted haze to the southeast of the island is   
      likely vog (volcanic smog). Vog is a mix of water vapor, carbon   
      dioxide, and sulfur dioxide—the substances that make up 99 percent of   
      gas released in a volcanic eruption. Sulfur dioxide reacts with   
      atmospheric oxygen, sunlight, moisture, and other gases to create fine   
      particles, which scatter sunlight to create a visible haze.   
      
      The United States Geological Survey (USGS) maintains a Mauna Loa   
      Eruption Webpage, which is updated daily with activity, data, and   
      hazard information as well as video and photographs of the eruption.   
      According to that site, lava flow from Mauna Loa crossed Mauna Loa   
      Weather Observatory Road on the evening of November 28. As of December   
      1, no property was considered to be at risk. A gas plume continued to   
      be present from the erupting fissure fountains and lava flows, with the   
      plume primarily being blown to the northwest. To follow the eruption,   
      the USGS Mauna Loa Eruption Webpage can be accessed by clicking   
       here.   
      
      Image Facts   
      Satellite:  Terra   
      Date Acquired: 11/30/2022   
      Resolutions:  1km (71.6 KB),  500m (225.9 KB),  250m (647 KB)   
      Bands Used: 1,4,3   
      Image Credit: MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC   
      
      
      
   https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/individual.php?db_date=2022-12-02   
       
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