MSGID: 1:317/3 632b514b   
   PID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   TID: hpt/lnx 1.9.0-cur 2019-01-08   
   September 21, 2022 - Storm-driven Sediment in the Yellow Sea   
      
      Sediment   
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      On September 14, 2022, Typhoon Muifa made landfall twice near China’s   
      largest metropolitan area and several of the world’s major shipping   
      ports. The typhoon first crossed over land at Zhoushan Island, then   
      passed over Hangzhou Bay, and eventually came ashore in Shanghai. On   
      September 15 the typhoon barreled over the Yellow Sea, crossed Shantung   
      Peninsula, darted across the northern Yellow Sea, to make a fourth   
      landfall on the Liaodong Peninsula before moving into the interior of   
      Northeast China early on September 16, where it rapidly weakened to a   
      very wet tropical depression.   
      
      The storm’s maximum sustained winds as it made first landfall over   
      Zhoushan were estimated just above 90 mph (145 km/h), which placed it   
      as a strong Category 1 storm on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind   
      Scale. Typhoon Muifa weakened slightly, although maintained Category 1   
      strength, as it made the second landfall in Shanghai. At that time,   
      maximum sustained winds were near 80 mph (129 km/h).   
      
      News reports called Typhoon Muifa the strongest storm to reach the   
      Yangtze River Delta since Typhoon Damrey in 2012. An estimated 230   
      million people live on and around the delta. Operations were suspended   
      in the major ports of Ningbo and Shanghai, as well as oil and gas   
      operations on Zhoushan. Ferry and shipping traffic were suspended,   
      fishing boats were called into port, and flights to and from the region   
      were canceled. According to China’s Xinhua news agency, more than 1.3   
      million people were relocated from Zhoushan before the arrival of the   
      storm.   
      
      Reports of damage following Typhoon Muifa’s trek across China are   
      sparse, but the storm left tell-tale marks of its passage that can   
      easily be seen from space. On September 19, 2022, the Moderate   
      Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board NASA’s Terra   
      satellite acquired a true-color image showing dense sediment in the   
      Yellow Sea, undoubtedly the aftermath of heavy rain and wind.   
      
      On September 17, the first day the storm clouds cleared, MODIS   
      satellite imagery revealed a small amount sediment in the coastal   
      waters of the Yellow Sea, especially over Subei Shoals. This is a   
      shallow area of tidal sand ridges, where sediment is easily stirred by   
      wind, currents, or tides and it often appears tan in satellite images.   
      By September 18, the waters along the coast from the Shandong Peninsula   
      south carried an increasing amount of light tan sediment. By September   
      19, thick mud-colored sediment filled near-shore waters from the Bohai   
      Sea to well south of Shanghai, as shown in this image. Sediment also   
      can be seen filling the Yangtze River, which appeared to be flooded and   
      muddy well inland.   
      
      Given the increasing sediment load between September 17 and September   
      19, it is almost certain that most of the sediment had been carried   
      into the Yellow Sea from storm waters filling the rivers and pouring   
      into the Sea, rather than from the direct effect of winds and waves.   
      
      Image Facts   
      Satellite:  Aqua   
      Date Acquired: 9/19/2022   
      Resolutions:  1km (2.4 MB),  500m (6.7 MB),  250m (15.8 MB)   
      Bands Used:   
      Image Credit: MODIS Land Rapid Response Team, NASA GSFC   
      
      
      
   https://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/individual.php?db_date=2022-09-21   
       
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