GEOS 64 2.1e Kernal 16KB ROM Image
This new version of GEOS kernal is bootable from EPROM.
Click here to download: http://cbm.ficicilar.name.tr/program/15/
eos-64-2.1e-kernal-rom-image
It features:
- GEOS boot in 13 seconds (power-up to first appearance of the mouse pointer).
- SD2IEC support to mount D64 image on boot.
- Faster graph routines.
- EasyFlash support.
- REU support (Upcoming version will support GEORAM).
- 2MHz support for C128 in C64 mode.
- And, numerous little tweaks to make it even faster.
Performance Video
Its performance can be watched on YouTube: https://youtu.be/CkcTa5VgADM
Archive Contents
The GEOS 2.1e kernal eprom comes in four flavors in a .rar archive.
The geos64-21e.rar archive includes these files:
_README.TXT
geos21e-4108.crt
geos21e-4109.crt
geos21e-7108.crt
geos21e-7109.crt
GEOS64.D64
GEOS64.D71
GEOS64-2.1e-Manual.odt
Desired .CRT file needs to be burned into the 27C128 EPROM (or EasyFlash).
As the names of CRT files suggest, each .crt image supports a specific setup:
geos21e-4108.crt - for 1541 drive with device no 8
geos21e-4109.crt - for 1541 drive with device no 9
geos21e-7108.crt - for 1571 drive with device no 8
geos21e-7109.crt - for 1571 drive with device no 9
Supported Hardware
In addition to real drive hardware, these EPROMs support SD2IEC.
On boot, selected eprom tries to mount either GEOS64.D64 or GEOS64.D71 image,
which can be found in the geos64-21e.rar archive file.
Appropriate D64 or D71 image should be transferred to a real 5.25" floppy
diskette or copied to the root directory of a SD card. As an alternative,
other GEOS diskettes can be used as well. However, EasyFlash conflicts with
GEOS Configure, that's why the
included D64 and D71 files contain GEOS Configure_r version instead.
For EasyFlash users, it writes a small code to EasyFlash's RAM to reboot GEOS
with a simple SYS from BASIC. That is, the SYS 57100 command reboots GEOS.
GEOS64.D64 and GEOS64.D71 Contents
The sample D64 and D71 images, given with this geos64-21e.rar archive, contain
the following:
Desk Top 2.0
Joystick input driver
Note Pad
Calendar 2016
SysInfo
Convert 2.5
Preference Mgr
Pad Color Mgr
GeoHexCalc
Calculator
EggTimer2
MPS-803 printer driver
Comm 1351(a) input driver
Neos Mouse input driver
CONFIG-r.cvt / Configure_r
Known Problems
. The Configure 2.0/2.1 utility changes the value of memory configuration
register $01, and makes the GEOS code at $8000-9FFF unreachable (it switches
ON this EPROM), causing a crash. This means, instead of Configure 2.0 or 2.1,
the Configure_r (provided
with the archive) should be used. So, there is a REU support but we can't
configure it, without rewriting the Configure utility or permanently switching
off the EPROM.
. Another systematic problem: EasyFlash and REU use the same I/O space. That
is, EasyFlash uses $DF00-DFFF as RAM, and, REU has its registers at
$DF00-DF0A. Therefore, it's not possible to use EasyFlash and REU at the same
time unless one of them uses
another I/O area.
. Although this GEOS64 2.1e version of kernal switches off EasyFlash ROM image
at $8000-BFFF, it can't switch off real EPROM unless the GEOS Cartridge
contains an additional logic to switch off following a write at $DFXX. That
is, one can't go to C64's
BASIC from GEOS without switching off the EPROM first.
GEOS Tips (Excerpts from the GEOS Tips & Tricks Book)
Tip 0: Use Shortcuts for Speed
C= + I: Change input method (Mouse, Joystick, Lightpen, etc.)
C= + C: Close disk
C= + O: Open disk
C= + A: Switch to Drive A
C= + B: Switch to Drive B
1....9: Switch to Page #
Tip 4: Selecting different names for the diskettes
Give all of your diskettes different names. GEOS recognizes disks by the names
and can get confused if you try to copy something between two disks with the
same name. Suddenly icons disappear from the border or GEOS will stop the copy
process.
Tip 6: Always click OPEN after changing disks
Don't forget to select open after changing disks. In the least harmful
situation the deskTop will ask the disk which you just removed. More
unpleasant things can happen, however.
Tip 8: VALIDATE and SCRATCH from GEOS only
Never use the commands scratch and validate from BASIC on GEOS diskettes. If
this happens accidentally, do not store anything more on this disk before you
have executed a validate on it from GEOS. The GEOS command naturally
recognizes the additional used
sectors and allocates them in the BAM (Block Allocation Map), protecting them
from being overwritten.
Tip 11: Never turn the disk drive off
Never turn the disk drive off while working with GEOS. (There is only one
exception: When you want to connect a second drive, you will be explicitly
told to turn it off). GEOS puts part of the Speeder (disk drive accelerator)
in the memory of the disk
drive. When you turn the drive off, this Speeder will be lost. This will not
just cause all subsequent disk operations to run slowly, it will simply cause
GEOS to display an error message at the next disk access and you will no
longer be able to access
the disk! If you try to add a drive the GEOS system will crash.
Tip 16: Putting icons on another page
To move an icon to a given page (such as the first), it must be placed on the
border. Then select the desired page and move the icon somewhere on this page.
If there is space there, GEOS will put it there. It is not possible to
double-click the icon,
then select the desired page and move it. When you start paging the icon will
automatically be put back in its old place, and you won't have accomplished
anything.
Tip 17: Put system files on the last pages
The best thing to do is to put the FONTS, INPUT DRIVERS, PRINTERS, NOTES, and
PREFERENCES on the last pages so that these files cannot be accessed directly.
This way you can't double-click notes to load the notepad, for instance. The
programs which
require these system files are also found on the last pages.
Tip 19: Date and time help with your work
Use the ability to store the date, time, and comments with each file. The
first two pieces of information are stored with each file by GEOS itself. Set
the time and date using the preference mgr when you start working with GEOS.
You can then display the
latest version of your graphic picture by selecting by date under view. The
last-created file will always be on top.
Tip 25: GEOS convert has no risks
If you want to use a disk with GEOS which was not created (formatted) by GEOS,
GEOS will ask if you want to convert the disk to GEOS FORMAT. You may have
been annoyed at this point because you were afraid you might lose some data.
(FORMAT sounds rather
dangerous), while on the other hand you can't copy files from a non-GEOS
FORMAT disk. GEOS identifies its disk by attempting to place an icon on the
border of a disk, since this is possible only on a GEOS disk.
You can let your disks be converted to GEOS FORMAT without worrying. GEOS
requires an extra sector in which to place information for the border.
Normally track 19, sector 8 is used for this, but if this is used, GEOS will
look for a free sector. This way
no data will be lost. You should not use this procedure on program disks which
you have purchased. These diskettes often have copy-protection, which can be
destroyed by using GEOS.
Tip 29: Paging with the keyboard
You can save some work and time if you don't use the joystick to page through
the various directory pages. You can just press the corresponding number
instead. Using the keyboard often simplifies certain processes, even if a user
interface with a "mouse"
is a good idea.
Tip 47: Right margin at 5 saves time and makes text easier to read
The left and right margins in geoWrite are not placed very well, in our
opinion. You can write quickly and easily if you set the right margin to "5"
at the beginning of your work. To do this, move the arrow to the right as far
as possible. At the right
edge next to the "7" you will find a strange symbol — the marker for the
right margin. If you click on it you will get a moving "M" which you can
simply move to the "5" and let go of the mouse button. Now GEOS doesn't have
to switch between the left
and right halves of the page and the screen does not have to be redrawn every
time.
Tip X: Never remove a disk from the disk drive without first closing the disk
Never remove a disk from the disk drive while on the deskTop, or while you are
using an application, without first closing the disk (unless you are
specifically asked to do so by a dialog box).
Recommended Books
. "GEOS Tricks & Tips" by M. Kerkloh and R. Tornsdorf
. "How to Get the Most out of GEOS" by Jr. Jim Oldfield and Tim Sickbert
. "GEOS Version 2.0 Manual" by Berkeley Softworks
. "Geos Inside and Out" by M. Tornsdorf
(You can find them at http://www.bombjack.org/commodore/books.h
m#LANGUAGES_-_OS )
Recommended Links
. "GEOS Wiki" - https://www.c64-wiki.com/index.php/GEOS
. "GEOS FAQ" - http://www.zimmers.net/geos/GEOSFAQ.html
. "GEOS for the C64" - http://lyonlabs.org/commodore/onrequest/geos.html
. "GEOS CD" - http://www.lyonlabs.org/commodore/onrequest/geos/geoSpecific/
. "GEOS 64 2.0 Source Code" - https://github.com/ytmytm/c64-GEOS2000
. "GEOS 128 2.0 Source Code" - https://github.com/ytmytm/c64-GEOS128
Recommended Videos
. "GEOS 64 2.1e ROM Boots from EasyFlash" - https://youtu.be/CkcTa5VgADM
. "Booting GEOS in 10 Seconds" - https://youtu.be/EZLgPM4m_Zw
. "IRQhack64 Turbo (GEOS Boot in 4 Seconds)" - https://youtu.be/Lv3V5gn9QSA
. "Some GEOS Games" - https://youtu.be/5OT3DoPty4Y
. "PC vs C64 - GEOS DeskTop" - https://youtu.be/oh5Uql2sNa4
. "Commodore 64 Online with GEOS and GeoLink" - https://youtu.be/B-El9AbyR0w
. "GEOS + GeoTerm Dialing/Telnetting to a BBS" - https://youtu.be/Qw-wdKtCaP0
Technical Info
The GEOS 2.0 Source at https://github.com/ytmytm/c64-GEOS2000 was modified for
this GEOS 2.1e kernal. The compiled image was restructured and part of it was
exomized.
The resulting memory maps of the EPROM and Kernal as follows:
EPROM Memory Map:
Code:
8000-8008: Boot vectors and signature
8009-80C5: First relocator
80C6-B7FF: Exomizer code
B800-BFFF: 9000-97ff - GEOS code Part 1
Decrunched code:
Code:
B5B0-B63F: Second relocator
B640-B7EF: 5000-51AF - GEOS booter
B7F0-B83F: 51B0-51FF - D64/D71 mount
B840-BF3F: 9800-9EFF - GEOS code Part 2
BF40-FFF8: BF40-FFF8 - GEOS code Part 3
Exomizer was used with these parameters:
Code:
exomizer sfx "\$b5b0" -n -c -o outputfile inputfile
First relocator code changes part of the exomizer decruncher for desired
memory configuration.
Appendices
Appendix 1: C64 Memory Configurations
Code:
Value of A000-BFFF E000-FFFF D000-DFFF
Location 1 Basic ROM Kernal ROM I/O Area
---------- --------- ---------- ---------
$30 ram ram ram
$31 ram ram Char ROM
$32 ram ROM Char ROM
$33 ROM ROM Char ROM
$34 ram ram ram
$35 ram ram I/O
$36 ram ROM I/O
$37 ROM ROM I/O
Appendix 2: D64 mounting code for SD2IEC
Code:
drive=$08
LDA #$0D
LDX #geos64d64
JSR $FFBD ; SETNAM
LDA #$01
LDX #drive
LDY #$0F
JSR $FFBA ; SETLFS
JSR $FFC0 ; OPEN
JSR $FFC3 ; CLOSE
geos64d64:
!text "CD:GEOS64.D64"
Appendix 3: EasyBoot code for EasyFlash
Code:
LDX #$0E
easyloop:
LDA easyboot,X
STA $DF0C,X
DEX
BPL easyloop
...
easyboot:
SEI
LDA #$01
STA $DE00
LDA #$07
STA $DE02
JMP $8009
Appendix 4: RAM Expansion I/O Conflict Table
Code:
Addr. REU GeoRAM EasyFlash +60K RamCart64 RamCart128
D100 - - - Bsel - -
DE00 - RAM Bsel - Psel Psel
DE01 - RAM - - Mrr Bsel
DE02 - RAM Cfg - - -
DE03-DFFF - RAM - - - -
DF00 St. - RAM - RAM RAM
DF01 Cmd. - RAM - RAM RAM
DF02 Cbs< - RAM - RAM RAM
DF03 Cbs> - RAM - RAM RAM
DF04 Rbs< - RAM - RAM RAM
DF05 Rbs_ - RAM - RAM RAM
DF06 Rbs> - RAM - RAM RAM
DF07 Tr< - RAM - RAM RAM
DF08 Tr> - RAM - RAM RAM
DF09 Int - RAM - RAM RAM
DF0A AdrC - RAM - RAM RAM
DF0B-DFFD - - RAM - RAM RAM
DFFE - Psel RAM - RAM RAM
DFFF - Bsel RAM - RAM RAM
Legend:
St. : Status
Cmd. : Command
Cbs< : C64 base addr. low
Cbs> : C64 base addr. hi
Rbs< : REU base addr. low
Rbs_ : REU base addr. mid
Rbs> : REU base addr. hi
Tr< : Transfer length low
Tr> : Transfer length hi
Int : Interrupt mask
AdrC : Address control
Psel : Page select
Bsel : Bank select
Cfg : Config. register
Mrr : Mirroring reg.
According to this table, EasyFlash can only be recommended with the +60K RAM
Expansion.
REU or GeoRAM should only be used with a real 16K EPROM.
Time to time, some eBay sellers offer universal EPROM cartridges. You can buy
them by asking seller to burn the specific GEOS64 2.1e .CRT image you want.
Note: 1764/1750 Ram Expansion Units have a place to put an EPROM.
This version of GEOS64 2.1e EPROM image only supports REU.
(Upcoming version 2.1r will support GeoRAM)
Please contact me, if you desire support for other RAM Expansions.
It's public domain. Anyone can use, share and modify.
.
June 6, 2016
Ilker Ficicilar
i l k e r f (the magic char) g e o c i t i e s D O T c o m
http://cbm.ficicilar.name.tr/
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