Fruit Flies on the International Space Station   
       
   July 8, 2014:  Fruit flies are bug eyed and spindly, they love rotten bananas,   
   and, following orders from their pin-sized brains, they can lay hundreds of   
   eggs every day.   
       
   We have a lot in common.   
       
   Genetically speaking, people and fruit flies are surprisingly alike, explains   
   biologist Sharmila Bhattacharya of NASA's Ames Research Center. "About 77% of   
   known human disease genes have a recognizable match in the genetic code of   
   fruit flies, and 50% of fly protein sequences have mammalian analogues."   
       
   http://youtu.be/ArHDSjfKDAs   
       
   A new ScienceCast video considers the fruit fly as astronaut: Drosophila   
   melanogaster could help NASA travel deeper into space than ever before. Play   
   the video   
       
   That's why fruit flies, known to scientists as Drosophila melanogaster, are   
   commonplace in genetic research labs. They can be good substitutes for people.   
   They reproduce quickly, so that many generations can be studied in a short   
   time, and their genome has been completely mapped. Drosophila is being used as   
   a genetic model for several human diseases including Parkinson's and   
   Huntington's.   
       
   They're about to become genetic models for astronauts. "We are sending fruit   
   flies to the International Space Station," says Bhattacharya. "They will orbit   
   Earth alongside astronauts, helping us explore the effects of long-term space   
   flight on human beings."   
       
   The flies will be living in a habitat developed at Ames called the "Fruit Fly   
   Lab." Inside, they will lead the hurried lives of fruit flies--living, dying,   
   reproducing, and experiencing the same space radiation and microgravity as   
   their human counterparts.  Cameras will record the behavior and appearance of   
   these miniature astronauts; and at intervals some of them will be frozen and   
   returned to Earth for analysis.   
       
   This research was recommended by the National Research Council itself. In a   
   recent Decadal Survey, the council noted that "model systems offer   
   increasingly valuable insights into basic biology." And they called for "an   
   organized effort to identify common changes in gene expression [among] key   
   model systems in space."   
       
   "The Fruit Fly Lab will allow us to look into a variety of questions such as   
   the effect of space flight on aging, cardiovascular fitness, sleep, stress and   
   much more," she says.   
       
   http://tinyurl.com/nbbm3xc   
       
   Visit the Fruit Fly Lab experiment home page Bhattacharya's personal interest   
   is the immune system.  It has long been known that astronauts' ability to   
   resist disease is weakened in space.  Turns out, the same thing happens to   
   fruit flies.  "We sent Drosophila to Earth orbit onboard Space Shuttle   
   Discovery in 2006, and they all experienced a decrement in immune function,"   
   says Bhattacharya.   
       
   The shuttle flight was relatively brief, only 13 days, but astronauts   
   traveling to Mars and other distant places will be in space much longer.  A   
   fruit fly habitat permanently installed on the ISS allows researchers to   
   conduct studies directly relevant to such long-duration space flight.   
       
   Immune system studies of human astronauts can be tricky because every   
   astronaut has his or her own idiosyncratic genetic code.  "What's nice about   
   the flies we send up is that they are all genetically identical," notes   
   Bhattacharya. "We can do much better science with such a population."   
       
   Flies onboard the space station will also have their own "carnival ride." A   
   1-g centrifuge will subject Drosophila to the equivalent of Earth-gravity,   
   allowing researchers for the first time to unravel the competing influences of   
   radiation and gravity. "This is cutting-edge research," she says, clearly   
   enthusiastic about this new device.   
       
   The Fruit Fly Lab is scheduled to launch in late summer 2014 onboard a Space-X   
   rocket.   
       
   Maybe they should pack some bananas, too.  Rotten, if you please.   
       
   Credits:   
   Author: Dr. Tony Phillips | Production editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit:   
   Science@NASA   
       
       
   Regards,   
       
   Roger   
      
   --- D'Bridge 3.99   
    * Origin: NCS BBS - Houma, LoUiSiAna (1:3828/7)