A Breakthrough in Planet Discoveries   
       
   Feb. 26, 2014: Years ago, before the launch of NASA's Kepler spacecraft,   
   astronomers were thrilled when they discovered a single planet.   
       
   Today, the Kepler team announced 715.   
       
   Kepler has always been good at finding planets. Even before the announcement,   
   the observatory had confirmed 246 new worlds outside the solar system. The   
   latest discoveries almost quadruple that number.   
       
   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4hHt3bxaGQ   
       
   A new ScienceCast video explores the 715 new worlds just confirmed by NASA's   
   Kepler spacecraft.  Play it!   
       
   Kepler works by looking for the slight dimming of starlight caused when a   
   distant planet transits its parent star.  Any dip in stellar brightness   
   attracts the attention of the Kepler team, and can prompt them to declare a   
   planet candidate. Verification of candidates can be a laborious process,   
   proceeding slowly, planet-by-planet.   
       
   Now, however, a research team co-led by Jack Lissauer of the Ames Research   
   Center has figured out a way to speed the process up.   
       
   "We've developed a procedure to verify multiple planet candidates in bulk to   
   deliver planets wholesale, and have used it to unveil a veritable bonanza of   
   new worlds," says Lissauer.   
       
   The technique is called "verification by multiplicity," which relies in part   
   on the logic of probability. Out of the 160,000 stars Kepler has observed, a   
   few thousand have planet candidates.  But not all candidate systems are   
   equal.  A subset of the total, numbering in the hundreds, have not just one   
   but multiple candidates.  By concentrating on those busy systems, the team   
   found 715 planets orbiting 305 stars.   
       
   The method of multiplicity can be likened to the behavior of lions and   
   lionesses. Suppose that Kepler's stars are like lions, and the planets are   
   lionesses. If you see two big cats it could be a lion and a lioness or it   
   could be two lions. But if more than two cats are gathered, then it is very   
   likely a lion and his pride. Thus, through multiplicity, the lionesses-or   
   planets-can be reliably identified.   
       
   http://kepler.nasa.gov/   
       
   Above is the Kepler home page. All of the newly-discovered worlds are located   
   in multi-planet systems. Nearly 95 percent of the planets are smaller than   
   Neptune-that is, less than four times the size of Earth. This is a marked   
   increase in the known number of relatively small planets.   
       
   "This study shows us that planets in multi-systems tend to be small and their   
   orbits are flat and circular, much like the inner parts of our own solar   
   system," says Jason Rowe a co-leader of the research at the SETI Institute.   
       
   Four of the new planets are less than two-and-a-half times the size of Earth.   
   Moreover, they orbit in their sun's habitable zone, where the surface   
   temperature of the planets may be suitable for liquid water, a key ingredient   
   for life as we know it.   
       
   "The more we explore," concludes Rowe, "the more we find familiar traces of   
   ourselves amongst the stars that remind us of home."   
       
   For more information about the discovery of these and other new worlds, visit   
   PlanetQuest   
       
   Credits:   
   Author: Dr. Tony Phillips | Production editor: Dr. Tony Phillips | Credit:   
   Science@NASA   
       
       
   Regards,   
       
   Roger   
      
   --- D'Bridge 3.99   
    * Origin: NCS BBS - Houma, LoUiSiAna (1:3828/7)