This is the first article of several describing the CNF experiments which
have been done to date. It is certainly not comprehensive, although I
would like it to be. If you have data on experiments I haven't listed,
or corrections or additions to the ones I have, PLEASE send me mail.

This article covers the "Fleischmann-Pons"-type experiments. Future
articles will cover the Jones- and Frascatti-type experiments, and
other CNF-relevant experiments, such as muon bombardment of D-saturated
palladium and ion-beam implantation of D in Pd foils. There will also
be articles on materials technology, cathode poisoning, CNF theory, and
a bibliography. As corrections and additions are added, I will send out
patches to these articles, and I'll repost the articles in their entirety
when it seems warranted.

I would have liked to acknowledge all the people who posted this
information, but assembling this has been enough of a nightmare
without trying to drag attributions along. My thanks to all those
who have contributed by posting summaries of the meetings and tidbits
from local papers, and who have given up their free time to do
research on this. Maybe, in a future edition of this, I'll be
able to acknowledge all the individuals who have helped out here.

IF YOU HAVE HARD INFORMATION ON ANY CNF EXPERIMENT WHICH IS
NOT INCLUDED HERE, OR ADDITIONS OR CORRECTIONS, PLEASE LET ME KNOW.

-- 
Dave Mack
csu@alembic.acs.com			(703)734-0877 (home)
uunet!inco!alembic!csu			(703)883-3911 (work)
6611 Byrnes Dr.
McLean VA    22101

-------------------------------- cut here --------------------------------

1.0 EXPERIMENTS

Cold fusion related experiments are divided into four categories:

	1. F&P
	2. Jones
	3. Scaramuzzi
	4. Other

These distinctions are somewhat artificial, given the similarity between
the F&P experiments and the Jones experiments. To further clarify: the
F&P class of experiments use simple electrolytes, require long chargeup
times, and seem to require high current densities, while the Jones
experiments use more complicated electrolytes, require little chareup
time, and operate at low current densities. The Scaramuzzi class of
experiments do not use electrolysis, but rely on pressure-charging
of the lattice followed by temperature fluctuations to induce fusion.

1.1 Fleischmann-Pons Experiments

1.1.1 Fleischmann and Pons, University of Utah, USA

	Electrolyte: 0.1M LiOD in 99.5% D2O, 0.5% H2O

	Material: Pd [purity/contaminants unspecified.]

	Excess Heat Production:

	1x1x1 cm cube:

	current density	excess rate of heating	excess specific rate of heating
	(mA/cm**2)	    (watts/cm**3)		(watts/cm**3)
	  125 		               WARNING: IGNITION?

	0.2x8x8 cm sheet:

	current density	excess rate of heating	excess specific rate of heating
	(mA/cm**2)	    (watts/cm**3)		(watts/cm**3)
	0.8 			0.153			     ? (0)
	1.2			.027			    .0021
	1.6			0.79			    .0061

	0.4x10 cm rod:

	current density	excess rate of heating	excess specific rate of heating
	(mA/cm**2)	    (watts/cm**3)		(watts/cm**3)
	    8			0.153			   0.122
	   64			1.751			   1.39
	  512*			26.8			  21.4

	0.2x10 cm rod:

	current density	excess rate of heating	excess specific rate of heating
	(mA/cm**2)	    (watts/cm**3)		(watts/cm**3)
	    8			0.036			    0.115
	   64			0.493			    1.57
	  512*			3.02			    9.61

	0.1x10 cm rod:

	current density	excess rate of heating	excess specific rate of heating
	(mA/cm**2)	    (watts/cm**3)		(watts/cm**3)
	    8			0.0075			    0.095
	   64			0.079			    1.01
	  512*			0.654			    8.33

	* - 512 ma/cm**2 measurements performed on samples 1.25 cm long
	and rescaled to 10 cm. [No details given.]

	Gamma production:

	Cathode: Pd 0.8x10 cm rod "charged to equilibrium".
	Detector: NaI crystal scintillation detector and Nuclear Data
	ND-6 High Energy Spectrum Analyzer over water bath.
	Results: Gamma peak at 2.22 MeV
	[These results are believed to be erroneous]

	Neutron production:

	Cathode: 0.4x10 cm Pd rod
	Current density: 64 mA/cm**2
	Detector: Harwell Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate Monitor,
	Type 95/0945-5 [BF3-filled Bonner sphere.]
	Results: 4E4 /sec

	Tritium production:

	Cathode: 0.1x10 cm Pd rod
	Detector: Ready Gel liquid scintillator/Beckman LS 5000 TD counter
	Electrolyte neutralized by addition of potassium hydrogen phthalate.
	Results: 100 dpm/ml [This is approximately the value of background
	tritium found in the heavy water at Texas A&M Univ.]

	Helium production:

	Walling and Simons of the University of Utah measured He-4
	in the evolved gases from one of Pons' cells which had been
	producing excess heat for a "long time" and found a He-4:D2
	ratio of 10**-5. The D2 and He-4 peaks were clearly separated.
	Control experiments were performed on "dud" cells and cells
	which had just started to produce excess heat. No He-4 was
	found in either case. The mass spec cells were baked to remove
	He-4 impurities. 

	Miscellaneous:

	At a talk at CERN, Fleischmann claimed that it had taken them
	three months to achieve a loading factor (D/Pd) of 0.6.

	Pons stated that they had performed a control experiment using
	H2O and had found no excess heat production.

	Walling claims that F&P don't bake their electrodes 
	because this can cause impurities to migrate to the
	cathode surface, yielding dud cells.

	Since publication, Pons has, at various times, claimed:
	1) to be producing 8 times as much energy as they put in
	2) sustained reactions continuously for 800 hours
	3) they are now seeing 67 watts/cm3
	4) Energy coming out of system is fairly constant, but in some
	   situations there are large bursts of energy.
	5) The bursts are enormous and, if persistent, are capable of
	   literally boiling the cell out at a very low voltage.
	6) One cell, running at 32 degrees [C. ?] for 5 1/2 million
	   seconds [about 2 months], suddenly burst up to 60 degrees and
	   remained at that temperature for several hours.
	7) Bursts of neutrons and other radioactive particles have been
	   seen.
	8) Some bursts have lasted long enough to enable scientists to
	   go into the machine to check instruments.
	9) The heat output from the sustained bursts over a two-day
	   period have [sic] been between 1,000 and 5,000 percent more
	   than the input.
	10) A burst of excess heat of 1 W lasting 2E5 sec. and producing
	    4.2 MJ. [These numbers don't quite make sense.]

1.1.2. Kuzmin, Moscow State University, USSR

	Neutron production and "enough heat to boil water"
	in his cell. They claim to have detected neutrons at 3 to 5
	times background from both palladium and titanium electrodes
	using currents of up to 300,000 amps. [At 3E5 amps, I'm not 
	surprised the water boiled.]

1.1.3. Chudakov, Byelorussian State University, USSR

	"different electrodes and currents" with a "stable 
	effect in each case".

1.1.4. Mathews, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, India

	Titanium and platinum electrodes.
	D2O containing 0.2 percent Ni and Pd chlorides.
	Neutron flux 30% greater than background.

1.1.5. Santhanam, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, India

	"a 400% energy gain"

1.1.6. Unknown, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, India

	"net energy output"

1.1.7. Unknown, Comenius University, Czechoslavakia

	"sketchy report of success"

1.1.8. Unknown, Lajos Kossuth University, Hungary

	"rough confirmations of neutron flux but no heat 
	measurements"

1.1.9. Unknown, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil

	In Brazil, researchers at the Institute of Physics of
	the University of Sao Paulo working jointly with the
	Institute of Nuclear and Energy Research there, said they had
	also measured neutrons from an attempt to duplicate the
	Pons-Fleischmann experiment.  They said the levels of neutrons
	obtained were twice as large as the background level.

1.1.10. Unknown, Institute of Space Research, Brazil

	"neutron output but no heat measurement"

1.1.11. Huggins, Stanford University, USA

	Cathodes: Pd disks 2mm x (10 - 20 mm; variously reported)
	Electrolyte:
	Results: 50% more heat from D2O than H2O control.
		15% excess energy in 35 hour runs and 10 MJ/mole Pd
		in longer runs.
		Max. excess heat was 1.2 watts.

	Miscellaneous:

	Adding H2O to a running cell eliminated excess heat production.

	Cathodes were completely submerged.

	Used gyroscopic motion of entire apparatus, including water bath,
	to ensure stirring of cell.

	The Heavy water cells begin with exactly the same result
	as the light water cells then, after 30 to 60 hours, the heat
	production goes up from the endothermically-depressed value,
	through the break even value that one would have if no gas was
	being evolved, past this point into an excess (above electrical
	input) value by about 12%. Later in his talk he says that the
	excess heat has continued to climb with time and showed the
	excess heat graph with a penciled-in point from data taken
	the previous day with 22% excess heat shown.  

	A heat-producing cathode which is removed from the electrolyte,
	exposed to "wet air", and then returned will no longer show
	excess heat.

1.1.12. Appleby, Texas A&M University, USA

	Cathodes: Pd - .5x10 mm wire, 1x10 mm wire, 2 mm sphere
	Calorimeter: Tronac Model 350 microcalorimeter (1 uW - 8 W +/- 3 uW)
	Electrolytes: 
		(7.5 - 8.0 ml) 0.1M LiOD, 0.1M LiOH, 0.1M NaOD, 1.0M LiOD
	Controls: H2O , Pt cathodes

	Heat production:

	Of 20 cells, 1/3 show excess heat, up to 30 mW (10% heat excess).
	Up to 20 W/cm**3 of Pd for 10 hrs at 300, 600, 1000 mA/cm**2.
	30 - 40 mW for several days at a time with LiOD.
	5 - 8 mW with NaOD.
	[It is alleged that experiments were done with depleted lithium
	(>99% Li-7), yielding slightly less excess heat than with normal
	lithium (~8% Li-6.)]
	They claimed that there was no recombination of D2 and O2
	above the 1% level.

	Cathode      Anode   Electrolyte   Current Density   Excess Heat Rate
	                                     mA/cm**2          W/cm**3 of Pd
	-------      -----   -----------   ---------------   ----------------
	Pd                                     300                 16.3
	0.5mm dia.    Pt       0.1M LiOD       600                 19.3
	10mm long                             1000                 18.5

	Pd
	same          Pt       0.1M LiOH       600                  0

	Pt
	same          Pt       0.1M LiOD       600                  0

	Pd
	1.0mm dia.    Pt       0.1M LiOD       600                 4-7
	10mm long

	Pd
	2.0mm dia.    Pt       0.1M LiOD       600                 6-12
	sphere
	------------------------------------------------------------------

	Neutron production:
	None of the heat-producing cells show neutron emission.

	Helium production:

	He-3: < 3.0E9 / cm**3
	He-4: < 0.3E9 / cm**3

	"The lower bounds were< 0.2-1.2 * 10**9 atoms in samples with
	masses between 8.79 and 14.49 mg."


1.1.13. Wolf, Texas A&M University, USA

	Cathodes: Pd rods of 1/2 to 6 mm diameter and Ti rods of 1/2 to 3 mm 
	diameter.

	2 live cells out of 20, 1 reproducibly.

	Neutron production:	

	Neutron flux changes in a non-monotonic way with current and
	falls off as 1/r**2 when the cell is moved away from the counter.
	Peak rate was 50 n/min. (3 sigma above background.)

	All runs with Ti were negative, and no excess
	gamma-rays above a level of 60 per minute were found.

	[Two separate accounts of Wolf's talk at the Santa Fe Workshop:]
	To detect neutrons, two identical NE-213 detectors were used,
	with pulse shape discrimination employed to identify neutrons.
	The background was 0.8 neutrons per min., dropping to 0.4 n/min.
	when analyzing for 2.5MeV neutrons. (Sorry, I didn't write why.)
	Also used a surrounding plastic scintillator for cosmic ray
	rejection.  The neutron efficiency of their detectors was about
	5%.  Wolf showed one plot with about nine points on it spread
	over 250 min.  The count rate climbed from about 1 per min. up
	to 3-4 per minute, then oscillated and went back to a background
	level of about 1 per min.  This was supposed to be an 8 sigma
	signal.  In the 20 minute data cuts, they were seeing about 40-60
	counts.


	Kevin Wolf of Texas A&M said they had altogether 5 groups working,
	had 25 cells and more than 200 experiments using electrolysis and
	absorption of D2 gas for both Pd rods of 1/2 to 6 mm diameter and
	Ti rods of 1/2 to 3 mm diameter. The NE213 scintillator used for
	neutron detection had an overall efficiency of 5%. Pulse Shape
	Discrimination, PSD, was used to separate gammas from neutrons.
	They have had negative results and positive results. They can
	measure between 0.5 and 50 MeV. The background rate is 0.8 n per
	min. and at times they observed 3 to 4 times this for the range
	0.4 to 2.5 MeV which corresponds to a source of 50 n per min.
	over a period of 1 to 2 hours. The graphs of n/min as a function
	of time showed marked variation, sometimes appearing to correlate
	with current changes, but not in a clearly reasonable way. A
	calibration curve for 2 MeV neutrons was shown where the data
	and the Monte Carlo did not quite fit. Moshe Gai seized on this
	to say it was the same as he had observed initially and at that
	time he thought he had evidence for cold fusion. However he found
	that it was due to multiple reflections of gammas in his ring of
	neutron counters. Kevin Wolf refused to believe this though I
	tried to explain for Moshe, that in neighbouring counters if
	there were neutrons the signals would be displaced in time, whereas
	if they were gammas, the signals would coincide - and they found
	coincidences in time.

	Gamma production:

	Null result (< 60 /min)

	Tritium production:

	Found in 7 of 10 cells
	Cathodes: Pd 0.1x4 cm rod "from Bockris group" [???]
	Current: Charged at 60 mA/cm**2 for two weeks, then 500 mA/cm**2
	for 6 - 8 hrs.

	Initially 60 - 80 dpm/ml, rising to >10**6 dpm/ml after a few hours.
	Carefully neutralized their electrolyte. 
	Up to 5E6 dpm/ml.

	Tritium assays crosschecked by LANL and GM Research Labs.

	solution sample no.		disintegrations/min/ml
	----------------------------------------------------------------
		1			2.0 x 10^6
		2			4.8 x 10^6
		3			3.6 x 10^6
		4			2.2 x 10^6
		5			3.6 x 10^4
		6			2.4 x 10^4
		7			6.3 x 10^4
	  Blank LiOD			   210


	                   Texas A&M      Los Alamos
	                   ---------      ----------
	  D2O              180 dpm/ml     100 dpm/ml
	  D2O+LiOD         240            100
	  Cell A (blank)   1300           900
	  Cell B           2.1E6          2.0E6


	Helium production:

	Null result. ("assay of the electrodes showed no indications
	of excess he3 or he4.")

	Miscellaneous:

	d loading in excess of 1 were determined by direct weighing of the
	sample.  no poisons were mentioned during the presentation.

	Bockris claimed loadings in excess of 0.98 by weighing.

1.1.14. Landau,	Case Western Reserve University, USA

	8 - 30 % excess heat.
	tritium content doubled.
	bursts of neutrons
	No recombination of D2 and O2 to within 3% error.
	40% more excess heat than F&P reported with D2O.
	No excess heat with H2O.
	4 cells, including D2O/H2O comparison and a Pt cathode cell.
	Excess heat of 0.144 W (6 W/cm**3 of Pd) @ 255 mA/cm**2.
	No tritium.
	Neutron production at 3-4 sigma level.

1.1.15. Thomassen, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA

	null result - neutrons

1.1.16. Haun, Westinghouse Research and Development Center, USA

	null result

1.1.17. Lewis, California Institute of Technology, USA

	null result - heat, neutrons, He-4

	7 different trials of the F&P experiment, various cathodes
	(including one from Texas A&M purported to produce neutrons)
	and electrolytes.

	Loading (D/Pd): 0.78 - 0.8

	Detection limits:
		neutrons-  0.1/sec
		gammas-    20keV-30MeV
		4He-       1ppm
		calorimetry-   within 10%

	Lewis measured between 3 and 8 V total for the seven
	experiments they had tried, or a minimum of 0.8 V for
	ohmic heating - Pons used 0.5 V for the effective voltage
	delivered to the cell for ohmic heating.

1.1.18. Gai, Yale University, USA

	null result - neutrons, gammas

	Cathodes:

	1) Pd plate - cold-worked (pounded with a sledge hammer to
	create dislocations in the lattice structure), then heated
	in D2 (300 degrees C, 120 psi) and anodized.
 
	2) Pd cylinder - annealed in flowing argon at 1000 degrees C.
 
	3) Pd cylinder - annealed in flowing argon at 1000 degrees C.
 
	4) Pd cylinder - annealed in vacuum
 
	5-8) Ti parallelepipeds, cold-worked.
 
	9) TiFe   Mn    powder, "hydrided" at 120 psi D  at 900 degrees C,
	       0.7  0.2                                2
	charged on 19 Dec 87 and recharged on 04 Apr 89.  Contained in a
	2x20 cm cylinder  pressurized to 120 psi.


	Electrolytes:
	1) 0.1 M LiOD, 97.5% D2O
	2) 0.1 M LiOD, 99.8% D2O
	3) 1 M LiOD, 97.5% D2O
	4) 1 M 6LiOD, 97.5% D2O
	5-8) the  solution of Jones et al. (100 g D2O plus 0.125 g
	each of  various  salts except AuCN.)
	9) 0.1 M LiOD, 99.3% D2O
 
	Neutron/gamma Detection:

	The  Yale-Brookhaven  setup consists of four electrolytic
	cells partially  surrounded  by six neutron detectors and
	two sodium iodide crystal detectors for gamma rays. This is
	enclosed in ~15 cm of borated concrete and ~15 cm of borated
	paraffin, and topped by two cosmic ray detectors so that
	possible muon-catalyzed fusion resulting from cosmic rays
	can be "vetoed".

	A neutron coming from the experiment interacts with
	the first neutron detector (#0), which sits directly below
	the  cells, and then scatters to one of the other five which
	are arranged in a ring. They require coincident signals from
	two detectors (#0 and one other) to give a neutron count.
	They can get some energy information about the neutrons
	with this setup, but the placement of the detectors requires  a
	compromise between efficiency of detection and precision of energy
	information. Signals from gamma rays and neutrons can be
	distinguished easily by the shapes of the pulses.

	Nitrogen gas is cycled through the cells to remove hydrogen gas,
	keeping it below the 4.8% required for an explosive mixture with
	air. The nitrogen is wetted with D2O to replace that lost by
	electrolysis.
 
	In order to test the hypothesis that "ignition" by energetic
	particles was necessary to start the fusion, Gai disassembled
	the smoke alarm from his home and spot-welded its americium
	source to electrode #1 for some of the experiments, thus
	providing 5 MeV alpha particles.

	The neutron detection employed "state-of-the-art" pulse-shape
	detectors not yet commercially available. The threshold for
	neutron  detection was ~0.5 MeV.  Efficiency of detection,
	taking into account coincidence was ~1%.

	The signal was filtered by software to remove gamma ray signals
	in counting neutrons and to exclude neutron counts with energies
	greater than 3 MeV.

	Gai gave the three-standard-deviation upper limits on fusion
	yields as  <  2x10^-25  fusions/deuteron pair/sec for  d+d
	(based  on  neutron counts)  and  < 2x10^-22 fusions/pair/sec
	for p+d (based  on  gamma  ray counts).  He says the first
	compares favorably with the number given  by Jones et al.,
	10^-23.

1.1.19. Redey, Argonne National Lab, USA

	null result - heat

	Constant heat loss calorimeter accurate to 0.1 W.
	Semisealed cell.
	Loading (D/Pd): 0.8.
	Current: 0.8 - 500 mA.
	
	Rate of recombination of D2 and O2 found to be very low.

1.1.20. Kashy, NSCL, Michigan State University, USA

	null result - heat

	D/Pd loading = 0.6.

1.1.21. Csikai and Sztaricskai, Debrecen, Hungary

	reported that they reproduced the phenomenon
	on 31 March 1989.

1.1.22 Unknown, Texas A&M Univ., USA

	From Jeff Farmer on the Well:

	I have a friend who is a grad student in Chemistry here at
	Texas A&M; he and others in his lab got the news yesterday
	and proceeded to whip out some palladium and heavy H2O and
	try the thing.  Their heavy water boiled immediately,
	verifying the energy output.
	
	I've talked in more detail to my source in the Texas A&M
	Chemistry Dept. where an attempt is being made right now to
	verify this report.  Everything here is tentative.  A
	current was run through heavy water using a palladium
	electrode. The potential was begun at one volt and run up to
	ten. At about 9.5 volts the current started "taking off".
	Heat was generated, boiling the D2O.  According to the
	preliminary calculations, the heat out was about 2.5 times
	the electrical energy in.

1.1.23 Eden, University of Washington, USA

	Their apparatus consisted of a hollow palladium electrode sealed at
	one end connected to an ultra-high vacuum mass spectrometer.  Gold wire
	was used as the anode.  The electrodes were placed in D2O and run at
	10V and 1 milliamp for 3.5 hours before the DT molecule was detected.
	They let it run for 10 hours, and the DT signal continued.

	As a control, they ran the same setup with H2O, and found no tritium 
	signal within detectable limits.

	They returned to D2O, and the signal reappeared after waiting a while
	(the exact waiting time was not specified).

	The tritium signal was observed at ~100 times the background level.

	No neutrons were detected, although the detector used was not very 
	sensitive.

	[This report is believed to be erroneous. They may have been
	seeing mass 5 triatomic hydrogen ions.]

1.1.24 Coey, Trinity College, Dublin, Eire

	This demonstration consisted of two electrolysis cells wired
	in parallel to 7 volt power supply. Each cell used gold/titanium
	electrodes. One contained H2O, the other D2O.
	After 40 minutes of electrolysis the temperature of the water
	cell was 41 C and that of the heavywater was 45 C.

1.1.25 Scoessow, University of Florida, USA

	Claimed to see tritium production from a F&P cell.

	Cathode: Pd
	Electrolyte: LiOD

	After 48 hours of electrolysis, they find ~1E9 tritons.
	After 100 hours, they find ~2E10 tritons.
	A control run without current produced negligible tritium.

	They subjected the Pd to a "special treatment" before
	the experiment but are uncertain which "adaptation may
	have contributed to their findings."

1.1.26 Kreysa, University of Berlin, FRG

	null result - heat [?]

1.1.27 Unknown, Technical University of Gliwice, Poland

	"positive results"

1.1.28 Unknown, The University of Wroclaw. Poland

	"positive results"

1.1.29 Unknown, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Poland

	null result

1.1.30 Unknown, University of Minnesota, USA

	in progress?

1.1.31 Dash, Portland State University, Oregon, USA

	Cathode: Pd
	Electrolyte: undisclosed

	Temperature increase in cell from 21 C to 27.5 C in one second.
	5 micron crater in cathode
	"100 times more energy out than in"

	Claimed that they dropped the current when they saw the 
	temperature jump, then saw a heat output 4 times electrical
	input until they shut it down.

	"They used an undisclosed electrode treatment which shortened
	the precharge time, and there are undisclosed aspects of the
	electrolyte."

1.1.32 Seeliger, Technical University of Dresden, DDR

	Cathode: Pd thick foils

	20 +/- 5 neutrons per hour with NE213 detector over 20 hours.

1.1.33 Unknown, University of Arizona, Arizona, USA

	University of Arizona has experiments that are giving off
	excess heat and apparently confirm the F&P heat results.

1.1.34 Brooks, Ohio State University, USA

	null result: heat, neutrons, gammas, helium


1.1.35 Cantrell, Miami University, USA

	Cathodes: ZrPd alloy contaminated with Cu, Si, Zn, Fe,...

	Ambiguous results (100% excess heat, 0 excess heat, 50% excess
	heat) attributed to chemical reactions with glass in the cell.

1.1.36 Unknown, Florida State University, USA

	null result - x-rays

1.1.37 Jorne, Univ. of Rochester, USA

	null result - neutrons, heat, gamma

	Cathode: Pd rod ("hollow, pitted like a golf ball")

	Thought they might have seen tritium.
	Claim to have most sensitive neutron detector in the world.
	Neutron rate < 0.5/sec.

1.1.38 Dickens, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA

	null result - heat, neutrons

1.1.39 Sur[?], Lawrence Berkeley  Laboratory, USA

	null result

	[Not necessarily from the same group at LBL:]

	Null result - neutrons.

	F&P cell using pure 6LiOD as electrolyte.
	Loadings (D/Pd): .7 - .8

1.1.40 Williams, Harwell Nuclear Laboratory, Oxfordshire, UK

	Null result - heat, "radiation"

	[This is the one Fleischmann helped set up.]

1.1.41 Krishnakumar, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bombay, India

	Cathode: Pd wire 1mm (0.8 cm**2 area) 99.9% pure
	Electrolyte: 99% D2O 1.0M NaCl with H2O control (20 ml)

	Two highly stabilized d.c. power supplies (Kepco Models 
	ATE15-6M and ATE75-0.7M), used in the constant-current mode,
	were used to supply constant power to each cell. The
	constant-power condition could be achieved with currents to
	the two cells differing by only 4%. In addition to monitoring
	the electrolyte temperature in the two cells, the ambient 
	temperature was also monitored with a mercury thermometer
	immersed in a beaker of water. 
  
	RESULTS 
  
	The measurements of electrolyte temperature as a function of time 
	were made in four distinct stages. In the first stage low current 
	densities ( ca. 31.2 mA cm-2) were used for a period of 80 hours.
	In order to keep the power input equal for the two cells, the
	current through D2O was 25 mA whereas that through H2O was 24 mA.
	The current readings were accurate to within 1%. The power input
	to each cell was 0.06 W. The power input values in our experiments
	have an error of less than 2%. The temperature variation obtained
	in this stage of the experiment is shown in Fig.2. Both the D2O
	and H2O temperature essentially follow the variation of the ambient
	temperature over the 80 hour measurement period.
  
	In the second stage of the measurements, the current density was 
	enhanced to ca. 62.5 mA cm-2. The D2O and H2O currents were 50 mA
	and 52 mA, respectively, and the power input in the two cells was
	0.170 W (D2O) and 0.172 W (H2O). The temperature variation from
	90-117 hours is shown in Fig.3. The temperature of both electrolytes
	is higher than the ambient temperature, with the D2O cell
	temperature being consistently higher than the H2O temperature by
	ca.2oC. The temperature variation in both cells appears to mimic
	the ambient temperature fluctuations well.
  
	In the next stage of the measurements, which lasted for nearly 30
	hours, the current density used was ca. 125 mA cm-2. The D2O and H2O 
	currents were 100 mA and 110 mA, respectively, yielding corresponding 
	input powers of 0.43 W (D2O) and 0.42 W (H2O). The temperature
	variation in the two cells is depicted in Fig.4. The electrolytes
	in both cells reach an equilibrium temperature within a period of
	about 2 hours. A somewhat higher temperature (an average of 2.5oC)
	is seen to persist in the case of the D2O cell throughout the
	equilibrium region shown in Fig.4. 
  
	The final stage of the experiment, lasting 50 hours, was carried out 
	with a current density of ca. 250 mA cm-2. The D2O and H2O currents
	were 200 mA and 210 mA, respectively. In addition to the initial,
	comparatively rapid temperature rise observed in both electrolytic
	cells, the two curves display a slowly diverging behavior. A
	temperature difference of 3oC between D2O and H2O at 155-165
	hours is seen to become a temperature difference of 15oC at
	190 hours. Such behavior tends to indicate a degree of conformity
	with results of other, recent calorimetric experiments [1-3].
	However, the observed behavior (Fig.5) in our experiments can be 
	explained without recourse to hypotheses of electrochemically-induced,
	cold fusion. By allowing the volumes in the electrolytic cells to
	drop by approximately 50% in the course of the time period between
	ca. 160 hours and 190 hours, the effective voltage drop across the
	electrodes changes; the corresponding difference in the input power
	to the two cells is measured to be
  
          {Input power(D2O)}/{Input power(H2O)} = 1.8             (5) 
  
	at 190 hours (where the temperature difference is maximum). When
	the volumes in the two cells are restored to their original values
	of 20 ml each by the addition of D2O and H2O, the temperature
	initially falls sharply and then again reach an equilibrium at
	197-200 hours. It is also of interest to note that during the
	period over which the input power to the D2O cell was changing
	(160-190 hours), the input power to the H2O cell was observed
	to actually decrease by 4%. Despite this, the temperature in
	this cell was measured to increase by 2oC.
  
	It is intriguing that under conditions of highest current density
	and highest input power, even the temperature of the H2O cell rises
	by 2oC over a period of ca. 30 hours. This rise in temperature is
	of the same magnitude as the observed difference in the D2O and H2O
	temperatures at lower input powers and current densities (Fig.3,4).
  
	To summarize, the results of simultaneous experiments on electrolysis 
	of D2O and H2O, conducted over an extended period of 200 hours,
	provide some evidence that under conditions of constant input
	power, the temperature in the cell containing D2O is observed to be
	consistently higher (by ca. 2oC) than that in the H2O cell. We
	are unable to pinpoint any source of systematic error to account
	for such a temperature difference. On the other hand, our
	measurements clearly fail to provide support for other experimental
	findings [2,3] in which the D2O temperature rises in much more
	dramatic fashion.

1.1.42 Hayden, University of British Columbia, BC, CAN

	Null result - heat.

	Dr. Hayden of the University of British Columbia, used a
	completely closed system [at last], with a Pd catalyser
	near the top of their cell giving a 100% efficiency in
	the recombination of gases. The experiment was thermally
	isolated by multiple layers of heat shields. The Pd cathodes
	are 4 by 0.8 by 0.4 cm3 and weigh about 10 grams. Several
	cells were used with loading factors of 0.8 to 0.84 by weighing.
	Controls were done using platinum cathodes. The ratio of the
	power produced of Pd to Pt cathodes was 1.000 +/- 0.003, i.e.
	0.3% over the range of input powers from 4 to 18 Watts.  
	He emphasised the importance of the latent heat of vaporisation
	which at 20 degrees C is only 2% but at 40, 60 and 80 degrees
	is 6.5, 18 and 44 % resp. so that if the temperature rises
	for some reason (e.g. electrolyte level falling and releasing
	the Wigner energy), then an apparent excess heat would be
	observed temporarily. It is important to know if the gases
	escaping in other experiments are saturated with D2O vapour
	and where does this heat go. He showed a graph of the variation
	with time of the D/Pd ratio - it initially rises linearly then
	flattens off at 0.8 after 10 hours. This would tend to show that
	very long charging times are not necessary as had been suggested
	by finders of positive results. The subsequent run was 12 days.

1.1.43 Albagli, MIT, MA, USA

	Null result - heat, gamma, He-4.

	Cathode: Pd rod 0.1x10 cm
	Loading (D/Pd): 0.8.
	Current density: 196 +/- 2 mA/cm**2

	Did isothermal calorimetry.

1.1.44 Paquette, Chalk River/Whiteshell

	Null result - heat.

	Cathodes: Pd - 13 electrodes in the form of wire, sheet, rod 
	and tube, with masses between 1.4 and 41 grams. 11 of the
	cathodes were annealed. Pd was from Johnson Matthey, 99.995% pure.

	Electrolyte temperature varied between 16 and 50 C.
	D/Pd ratio was 0.7 and no variation in this was found to a
	depth of 20 microns after 25 days.

	Energy: 5.0 +/- 0.1 watts in and out at 100 mA.

1.1.45 Fleming, University of Michigan, USA

	Null result - x-rays.

	Cathode: Pd foil
	Current: 48 mA for 5 days

1.1.46 Defour, Bugey, France

	Null result - neutrons.

	They used an array of 98 NE-320 liquid scintillators
	designed to be used in the detection of antineutrinos.
	Their efficiency was 15-17%.  Their reported neutron
	production rate was 0.4 +/- 1.6 neutrons per hour.

1.1.47 Guruswamy, University of Utah, USA

	Cathode: Pd rod 0.4x10 cm

	Positive results w/ Pd cathodes, null results w/ other metals.

	During one 24-hour period, one rod produced 18 watts of heat
	from 9 watts electrical input.

	At one point, a rod heated its electrolyte 25 degrees in
	3 minutes and maintained the high heat level for 40 minutes
	before producing a small explosion.	

	Heat produced in "spurts" - during one 90 min. spurt,
	output energy was 54 W for 9 W electrical input.

	Four very random bursts of heat between 10 and 60 watts.

1.1.48 Millikan, UCSB, USA

	Cathode: 1.6 gm Pd wire
	Electrolyte: D2O/LiOD
	Current Density: 6 V, 0.6 A, 60 ma/cm**2

	We have been running a P&F type cell since Sunday 5/28 using
	a 1.6g Pd wire cathode, a Pt screen anode, and LiOD in D2O
	electrolyte. At 6V and 0.6A, the current density was about
	60 mA/cm2. After about 20 hours of elapsed time, the neutron
	count in our 3He proportional counter rose to 1.4 times the
	background rate of 400 per hour. By 50 hours into the run
	we observed a count rate of 700 - 730 counts per hour. This
	particular counter has a Cd sheet adjacent to the cell to
	eliminate thermal neutrons. Then there is a 6 inch thickness
	of polyethylene to moderate the higher energy neutrons before
	they enter the counter tubes. Insertion of a second Cd sheet
	between the polythene and the counter caused the high count rate
	to return to near background. Removal of the Cd restored the
	high count rate. We shut off the cell current Wednesday night
	due to a planned power outage. On Thursday morning, our count
	rate was back in the vicinity of 400/hr.
	There is some evidence of "bursts" of neutron emission, but our
	counter integration time hides these. These are preliminary
	results which must be repeated. At present we are busy checking
	on the background, calibrating with known sources, and a general
	rebuild. These are low levels, but some 35 sigma above background.
	An initial check for tritium using the scintillation counting of
	the electrolyte showed none above our D2O sample. No effort has
	been made to do calorimetry. We do plan to look for 3He and 4He
	as soon as a special UHV cell is complete.

1.1.49 Scott, ORNL, USA

	Null result - heat.

	Claimed temperature excursions up to 70 degrees could be
	accounted for by evaporation processes.

1.1.50 Crooks, MIT, USA

	Null result - heat
	Cathode: Pd rod

	Isothermal calorimetry. No heat production to within 9%.

	Helium production:

	The palladium rod was analysed for helium and a number of
	4 E11 atoms per cm3 found - this would correspond to a maximum power
	output of 1.8 microWatts.

	Crooks et al. of MIT said they had examined a small sample of
	Pd and found no 4He giving an upper limit of < 0.1 E9 atoms per
	cm3 of Pd.

	[This is obviously contradictory. Help?]

1.1.51 Randolph, Savannah River, USA

	Null result- heat.

	"An argon purged D2O electrolysis cell is mounted inside a
	dry calorimeter which measures heat output to +/- 0.2% at
	10 Watts thermal. Constant flow argon sweep gas is dried
	for evaporation water measurement and analysed by an on-line
	quadrupole mass spectrometer to measure off-gas species and amounts. 
	Electrolysis power is measured at 10 sec intervals, integrated,
	and compared with the sum of calorimeter heat, electrolytic heat
	of formation, evaporation heat, and argon heat gain."

	Power in  = 1.944 E5 joules
	Power out = 1.912 E5 joules.
	The errors were about +/- 0.1 Watt.

1.1.52 Declais, Annecy/College de France, FR

	Null result - neutrons.

	Yves Declais of Annecy presented the results of the
	College de France, Marseille, Grenoble, Annecy Collaboration
	who used the Frejus Tunnel. They used the new liquid
	scintillator NE320 loaded with 0.15% 6Li. They observe both
	the proton recoils from the slowing of the neutron and also
	the reaction products when the thermal neutron is captured
	by the 6Li to give 3He + t in coincidence after a 30 ns delay.
	PSD gives a very good separation of the neutrons from the
	gammas. So they have 4 constraints and not only one with NE213
	First experiments were done at the Bugey site where they have
	developed their detectors over a number of years. One point
	that is very important is to have a good Monte Carlo which
	fully takes into account the shielding. Their detector was
	calibrated in the Gran Sasso Tunnel when the background was
	1 count per day. The efficiency was 2.7%. The background
	obtained after off-line analysis was 2 per 5 days. Four
	different cells with palladium cathodes were used. No neutrons
	were seen above a background of 0.017 neutrons per hour.

1.1.53 Unknown, Arizona State University, USA

	"ASU has at least 3 F&P experiments under way. One will count
	neutrons with a sensitive detector in a shielded environment.
	One will measure heat. I don't know about the 3rd."
	


