
            Twin Express                                       User's Guide



            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            






                                                          Twin Express 1.1 
                                                              User's Guide 
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            
            















	    Copyright 1991 OMNICODE. All rights reserved.

            Twin Express                                       User's Guide



                                            
            
            
            Copyright:  This  document  and  its  accompanying software are
            copyrighted  by  OMNICODE  (Montral, CANADA) which retains all
            rights  of  ownership  and  copyright.  Registered  users  have
            specific  rights as stated in the license agreement. Others may
            only  distribute  the  complete  package  as  described  in the
            distribution statement.
            
            Disclaimer:  The  software, the documentation and all the files
            included  in  the  package  are  provided without any warranty.
            Moreover,  OMNICODE  does  not guarantee that the software, the
            documentation  and  the files are accurate, reliable or fit any
            particular  task. The users of this software package accept all
            risks   related   to  its  use.  OMNICODE  shall  not  be  held
            responsible  for any damage, costs or loss arising from the use
            of this software package.
            
            Trademarks:  IBM,  IBM  AT,  IBM  PS/2,  PC-DOS  and  OS/2  are
            registered   trademarks   of  International  Business  Machines
            Corporation.  IBM PC and IBM XT are trademarks of International
            Business   Machines   Corporation.   MS-DOS   is  a  registered
            trademark  of  Microsoft Corporation. Windows is a trademark of
            Microsoft  Corporation.  Amiga  is  a  registered  trademark of
            Commodore-Amiga   Inc.   AmigaDOS   and   Amiga  Workbench  are
            trademarks   of  Commodore-Amiga  Inc.  Unix  is  a  registered
            trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories.
            



























									 II

            Twin Express                                       User's Guide



            
                                   TABLE OF CONTENTS
            
            
	    INTRODUCTION................................................ IV
            1 GETTING STARTED...........................................  1
	      1.1  Summary of Features..................................  1
	      1.2  Installation on the Amiga Computer...................  2
	      1.3  Installation on the IBM-PC Computer..................  3
	      1.4  The Serial Cable.....................................  4
	      1.5  Running Twin Express.................................  5
	      1.6  Of Ports and Baud Rates..............................  6
	      1.7  Startup Problems.....................................  6
	      1.8  Registration.........................................  8
	      1.9  Support..............................................  9
	    2 TUTORIAL.................................................. 10
	      2.1  Vocabulary........................................... 10
	      2.2  Purpose of a File Transfer Program................... 10
	      2.3  Commands and Aliases................................. 11
	      2.4  Local Versus Remote Resources........................ 11
	      2.5  Transferring Files with the COPY Command............. 12
	      2.6  Syntax of File and Directory Names................... 13
	      2.7  File Groups and Wildcards............................ 15
	      2.8  Moving Text Files to a Different Type of Computer.... 16
	      2.9  Enabling Fast Transfers.............................. 17
	      2.10 Input from a Command File............................ 18
	    3 COMMANDS.................................................. 19
	      3.1  CHDIR................................................ 19
	      3.2  COPY................................................. 20
	      3.3  DELETE............................................... 21
	      3.4  DIR.................................................. 21
	      3.5  ECHO................................................. 23
	      3.6  HELP................................................. 23
	      3.7  MKDIR................................................ 24
	      3.8  QUIT................................................. 24
	      3.9  RENAME............................................... 24
	      3.10 RMDIR................................................ 25
	      3.11 SET.................................................. 26
	      3.12 SHOW................................................. 26
	      3.13 TREE................................................. 27
	      3.14 TYPE................................................. 28
	    APPENDIX A: Error Messages.................................. A1
	    APPENDIX B: License Agreement............................... B1
	    APPENDIX C: Distribution Statement.......................... C1
	    APPENDIX D: Problem Report Form............................. D1
	    APPENDIX E: Registration and Order Form..................... E1










									III

            Twin Express                                       User's Guide



            
                                      INTRODUCTION
            
            
                    Twin  Express  is a file transfer program that allows a
            user  to  quickly  transfer  files  between two computers via a
            cable  connected  to  their  serial  ports. It is an attractive
            solution  to  the  problem  of  transferring data to a computer
            equipped  with  a  different  type  of  floppy  drive  or  to a
            floppyless  workstation.  It is also an inexpensive alternative
            to  those  time-consuming  exchanges  of  floppy disks and slow
            communication programs.
            
                    Speed  is  its  main  feature.  Between  two  12.5  MHz
            AT-type  computers or two Amiga 3000 computers you can transfer
            data  at about 22,000 bytes/second. This is 2 times faster than
            many  other  serial  file transfer utilities and 7 times faster
            than utilities relying on the serial handler of AmigaDos.
            
                    Its  second  main  feature  is  its ability to exchange
            files  between  different  types  of  computers (e.g. Amiga and
            IBM-PC).  In  this  case,  it  may  even translate some special
            characters  (e.g.  ,  , , , , , , ) in your text files.
            As  of  December  1991,  the  program  runs  under AmigaDOS and
            PC-DOS  (or MS-DOS). It can also execute as a DOS process under
            Windows and OS/2.
            
                    Twin  Express  is  a  shareware  program.  That  is,  a
            program  that  you  can  try before you actually pay for it. As
            such,  you  can copy it, distribute it or store it in a library
            as  long  as  the  package  is  not  modified, not sold and not
            linked  to  any  salable  item.  However,  if  you  install the
            program  on  a  computer  and  decide  to use it after the free
            one-week  evaluation  period  you  must purchase a license from
            OMNICODE.  In  return you become a registered user and are thus
            entitled  to a manual, a diskette containing the latest version
            of  Twin  Express,  an  invoice  (as  proof  of  purchase)  and
            customer support in case of problems.
            
                   This   manual   describes   the  features,  installation
            procedures  and  commands  of  Twin  Express.  The  tutorial in
            chapter  2  shows some basic examples of Twin Express commands.
            However,  if  you  just  cannot  wait  to get your hands on the
            keyboard   you   may  want  to  proceed  with  the  information
            available through the on-line HELP command.
            










									 IV

            Twin Express                                       User's Guide



            
                                    GETTING STARTED
            
            
                    This  chapter  describes the features, the installation
            and  the  start-up  procedures  for Twin Express. Typical error
            messages  plus  suggestions for solutions are outlined in order
            to  help  you  establish  communications between the computers.
            Registration and support sections terminate the chapter.
            
            1.1 SUMMARY OF FEATURES
            
                    This  section highlights the most important features of
            Twin Express:
            
              1.  Fast  serial transfers: about 22,000 bytes/second between
                  two  12.5  MHz  AT-type  computers or two Amiga computers
                  (ram disk to remote ram disk transfers).
            
              2.  Compatible versions run under AmigaDOS and PC-DOS.
            
              3.  Translation  of text files when they are transferred to a
                  different  type of computer (useful for transfers between
                  Amiga and IBM-PC computers).
            
              4.  Simple,  easy  to  use  commands similar to those used by
                  your operating system (e.g. DIR, COPY, RENAME, etc).
            
              5.  Command  name  aliases  compatible  with AmigaDOS, PC-DOS
                  and UNIX commands (e.g. MAKEDIR, XCOPY, LS).
            
              6.  Support  for wildcard characters allowing users to select
                  a  group  of  files  with a single command. The operation
                  can    be    extended   to   include   files   found   in
                  subdirectories.
            
              7.  User   may  list  directory  files,  change  the  default
                  directories and create or remove directories.
            
              8.  Copies  of  files get the same date stamp as the original
                  files.
            
              9.  On-line help.
            
              10. Support for command files (batch files).
            
              11. Transmission   errors  are  detected  and  corrected  (by
                  retransmission of bad packets).
            
              12. Support  for ports COM1, COM2, COM3 or COM4 on the IBM-PC
                  or compatible computers.
            
              13. Support  for  baud  rates  up  to  115200  on  IBM-PC  or
                  compatible computers and 290000 on Amiga computers.


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            Twin Express                                       User's Guide



            
              14. Detection  of  busy ports, incompatible baud rates and of
                  non-present,   non-standard   or  malfunctionning  serial
                  ports.
            
              15. Distributed  as  a  shareware  program:  "you  can try it
                  before you buy it".
            
            1.2 INSTALLATION ON THE AMIGA COMPUTER
            
            Requirements:
            
              1. AmigaDOS 1.2 or higher.
              2. 75K of disk space.
              3. 150K of free memory.
              4. A null-modem cable.
              5. A free serial port (SER: is mandatory).
            
            Distribution files:
            
              1. INSTALL
              2. INSTALL.INFO
              3. README
              4. README.INFO
              5. TWIN
              6. TWIN.INFO
              7. TWINDOC
              8. TWINDOC.INFO
            
            Installation:
            
              1. If  your are using your Amiga with Workbench, activate the
                 CLI task by clicking the appropriate icon.
            
              2. Set  the default directory to the directory containing the
                 Twin  Express  package. The following example assumes this
                 to be the root directory on floppy disk DF0:
            
                   CD  DF0:
            
              3. Examine file README for any last-minute changes:
            
                   TYPE  README
            
              4. Copy  the  file  TWIN to a directory whose name appears in
                 the  search  path of AmigaDos (e.g. utilities, c, system).
                 This  way  you can run Twin Express from any directory and
                 AmigaDos  will  find  it.  You can use the PATH command to
                 display  the  current  search  path. The following example
                 assumes  that  the  UTILITIES  directory on disk DH0 is in
                 the search path:
            
                   PATH
                   COPY  TWIN  DH0:UTILITIES


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            Twin Express                                       User's Guide



                   COPY  TWIN.INFO  DH0:UTILITIES
            
              5. Print the documentation file TWINDOC:
            
                   COPY  TWINDOC  PRT:
            
              6. Connect  one  end  of  a  null-modem cable to the standard
                 serial  port  "SER:"  on  the Amiga and the other end to a
                 serial  port  on  the remote computer. See section 1.4 for
                 details about the serial cable.
            
              7. You  have  one  week  to  evaluate the program. After this
                 period  you  must  either  remove  the  program  from your
                 system or register your copy.
            
            1.3 INSTALLATION ON THE IBM-PC COMPUTER
            
            Requirements:
            
              1. PC-DOS (MS-DOS) 2.0 or higher.
              2. 75K of disk space.
              3. 150K of free memory.
              4. A null-modem cable.
              5. A free serial port (COM1, COM2, COM3 or COM4) with a ...
                   a) standard address (3F8h, 2F8h, 3E8h or 2E8h).
                   b) compatible UART chip (8250, 82050, 16450).
                   c) standard UART clock of 1.8432 MHz.
            
            Distribution:
            
              1. INSTALL.TXT
              2. README.TXT
              3. TWIN.EXE
              4. TWINDOC.TXT
            
            Installation:
            
              1. If  your are using your IBM-PC with Windows or OS/2, acti-
                 vate  the  DOS  environment  by  clicking  the appropriate
                 icon.
            
              2. Set  the default directory to the directory containing the
                 Twin  Express  package. The following example assumes this
                 to be the root directory on floppy disk A:
            
                   A:
                   CD  \
            
              3. Examine file README.TXT for any last-minute changes:
            
                   TYPE  README.TXT
            
              4. Copy  the  file TWIN.EXE to a directory whose name appears
                 in  the  search  path  of DOS (e.g. DOS, c, bin). This way


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            Twin Express                                       User's Guide



                 you  can  run Twin Express from any directory and DOS will
                 find  it.  You  can  use  the  PATH command to display the
                 current  search  path.  The following example assumes that
                 the DOS directory on disk C is in the search path:
            
                   PATH
                   COPY  TWIN.EXE  C:\DOS
            
              5. Print the documentation file TWINDOC.TXT:
            
                  PRINT  TWINDOC.TXT
            
              6. Connect  one  end  of  a null-modem cable to a serial port
                 (COM1  is used by default) on the IBM-PC and the other end
                 to  a  serial port on the remote computer. See section 1.4
                 for details about the serial cable.
            
              7. You  have  one  week  to  evaluate the program. After this
                 period  you  must  either  remove  the  program  from your
                 system or register your copy.
            
            1.4 THE SERIAL CABLE
            
                    A  null-modem  cable  connects  the  computers by their
            serial  ports.  Such  a cable can be bought in a computer store
            or  can  be  made  from an eight-wire cable and two connectors.
            The  table  below  shows  how  the  different signals are wired
            along   with   the  pinout  in  use  with  different  types  of
            connectors (9 and 25 pins):
            
              ------ CONNECTOR 1 -----        ----- CONNECTOR 2 ------
                DB25     DB9    SIGNAL        SIGNAL    DB9     DB25
            
                 07       05       GND  <---> GND       05       07
                 02       03        TD  <---> RD        02       03
                 03       02        RD  <---> TD        03       02
                 05       08       CTS  <---> RTS       07       04
                 04       07       RTS  <---> CTS       08       05
                 06       06       DSR  <---> DTR       04       20
                 20       04       DTR  <---> DSR       06       06
            
            Usually  the serial port has a male connector. The cable should
            therefore  have  two female connectors. However, it is safer to
            verify this before you buy a cable...
            
                    There  are  some  null-modem  cables with only 3 wires.
            These  cables  can  also be used with Twin Express. However, it
            is  not  possible  to  select  the high speed transmission mode
            with  such  cables.  There  are  also  null-modem cables with a
            wiring  pattern  different  from  that in the above table. Twin
            Express  is  likely  to  "see"  them  as  3-wire cables. So, be
            careful  before buying a pre-wired cable and compare the wiring
            with the above table.
            


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            Twin Express                                       User's Guide



                    You  can also transform a modem cable into a null-modem
            cable  with  a  null-modem  adapter.  You  can  get  an MF-DB25
            adapter  (part  26-1496) or an MF-DB9 adapter (part 26-264) for
            about  8  CAN$  from  Radio  Shack.  This might be a convenient
            solution  if  your  cable  has the proper connectors (usually a
            female connector at each end).
            
            WARNING 1: Do   not   use  a  cable  with  more  than  these  7
                       connections  (extra  wires  should be disconnected).
                       This  is very important on the AMIGA computers since
                       they have a non-standard serial connector.
            
            WARNING 2: Cables  longer  than  20  meters should be used with
                       caution.  You  might need to reduce the baud rate or
                       use a more expensive low capacitance cable.
            
            WARNING 3: Avoid  putting the cable near appliances. This could
                       add  noise to the signals. If this cannot be avoided
                       you  might consider buying a more expensive shielded
                       cable.
            
            1.5 RUNNING TWIN EXPRESS
            
                    You  can  start  up  the  program by typing TWIN at the
            system prompt of the computer:
            
              C> TWIN <enter>
            
            The  program  should  now  display  its version number, a short
            message about the help facility and the TWIN prompt:
            
             TWIN EXPRESS - Version 1.1 released on 1991/12/20 (shareware)
             ~~~~~~~~~~~~   Copyright 1991 OMNICODE. All rights reserved.
            
             HELP:
            
               ... Some information on HELP ...
            
             TWIN>
            
            At  this  point,  Twin  Express  waits  for the user to type in
            commands or to receive a request from the remote computer.
            
                    If  Twin Express is also running on the remote computer
            and  a  cable is connected to the default ports (COM1 on the PC
            and  SER  on the Amiga) you should get the following message on
            both screens:
            
             >>> Communication is established with the remote computer <<<
            
            This  message indicates that you are ready to transfer files to
            the  remote  computer.  If  it does not appear see sections 1.6
            and 1.7 for help.
            


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            1.6 OF PORTS AND BAUD RATES
            
                    By  default,  Twin  Express uses port COM1 on an IBM PC
            and  SER  on  an  Amiga. In both cases the default baud rate is
            115200.
            
                    It  is  possible  to  use  baud  rates  other  than the
            default  value  and, on IBM compatible computers, to use a port
            other  than  COM1.  Ports COM1, COM2, COM3 and COM4 can be used
            on  the  IBM  PC or compatible systems. Only SER can be used on
            the Amiga.
            
                    The  baud rates available on both machines are: 115200,
            57600,  38400,  19200  and 9600. The Amiga version also accepts
            the  following  baud  rates:  130000,  150000,  170000, 190000,
            210000,   230000,   250000,   270000   and  290000  (190000  is
            recommended).
            
                    To   change  a default value, the user must supply both
            the  port and the baud rate as parameters to TWIN. For example,
            to  communicate  at  57600  baud  using  port  COM2  on the IBM
            compatible:
            
              C> TWIN  COM2  57600
            
            whilst the command for the Amiga is:
            
              1> TWIN  SER  57600
            
            1.7 STARTUP PROBLEMS
            
                    This  section  highlights the most common problems that
            a  user  might  encounter  in  establishing  communication.  It
            presents  error messages along with suggestions for solving the
            problem. More general errors are discussed in appendix A.
            
            >>> Communication is established with the remote computer <<<
            does not appear on the screen of computers.
            
              First,  verify  that  the  cable  is  connected to the serial
              ports  on both computers. Second, make sure that Twin Express
              has  been activated on both machines with the proper port and
              baud   rate.   Third,  check  the  programs  running  in  the
              background.  Some  of them might "steal" too many CPU cycles.
              Fourth,  examine  the  cable.  Is  it  a null-modem cable? Is
              there a bad connection (connectors, wires, etc)?
            
            Error: Unrecognized device
            
              An  invalid  serial  device  has  been used as a parameter to
              Twin  Express.  Re-execute  the program with one of the valid
              devices specified in section 1.6.
            
            Error: Unrecognized speed


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            Twin Express                                       User's Guide



            
              An  invalid  baud  rate  has been specified as a parameter to
              Twin  Express.  Note that you must also specify a device when
              you  indicate a baud rate. Re-execute the program with one of
              the valid baud rates specified in section 1.6.
            
            Error: Cannot get pathname of current default directory
            Error: Cannot establish an abort receiver
            
              These  are  internal  errors.  They  should not occur. Please
              contact  OMNICODE  (fill  in and mail the problem report form
              in appendix D).
            
            Error: This protocol cannot be used with a 3-wire cable
            
              This  error  may  occur  when  a  user selects the high speed
              transmission  mode  with  the  SET  MODE  command.  This mode
              requires  a  7-wire  cable  as defined in section 1.4. First,
              check  your  cable.  Second,  use only the STANDARD mode with
              3-wire cables.
            
            Error: Mode EXPRESS failed to initialize properly
            
              This  error  may  occur  when  a  user selects the high speed
              transmission  mode  with  the  SET MODE command. It indicates
              that  transfers would not be reliable using this mode. It may
              occur  on  some  computers,  especially  with long cables. In
              this case you must use the default STANDARD mode.
            
            >>> Non-present or non-standard device <<<
            
              The  selected  serial port was not found in the system or, if
              found,  it  does not appear to be a serial device. This error
              may  occur if the user selects a device that is not installed
              (e.g.  COM4), if a serial device has been installed at a non-
              standard  address  (e.g. COM1 address different from 3F8h) or
              if  a  different  type  of  hardware has been installed at an
              address  normally  assigned to a serial device. First, try to
              execute  Twin  Express  with  a different device (e.g. COM2).
              Second,  check the address of your serial port and compare it
              with the addresses defined in section 1.3.
            
            >>> Malfunctionning serial device <<<
            
              The  serial  device does not appear to work correctly. First,
              verify  that  your serial port works with a different type of
              software.  Second,  compare the type of the UART chip of your
              serial port with those listed in the installation section.
            
            >>> Selected serial device appears to be busy <<<
            
              The  serial  port seems to be connected to an external device
              (e.g.  modem,  printer). This error is likely to occur if you
              execute  Twin  Express with the default port and this port is


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            Twin Express                                       User's Guide



              connected  to a device. It may also occur if you disconnected
              an  external  device  from  a serial port in order to connect
              the  null-modem  cable.  First,  make  sure  to  execute Twin
              Express  with  the  appropriate  serial  port. Second, if the
              message   appears  only  on  one  computer,  re-execute  Twin
              Express  on  this  computer otherwise you will need to reboot
              both systems.
            
            >>> Local computer is too slow for current baud rate <<<
            >>> Remote computer is too slow for current baud rate <<<
            
              These  messages  indicate  that a computer is not fast enough
              to  communicate at the current baud rate. It may occur if you
              try  to  execute  Twin  Express  on  an  Amiga  500/1000/2000
              computer  with  a baud rate exceeding 190000 or on a 4.77 MHz
              PC-type  computer  with a baud rate of 115200. Try again with
              a lower baud rate.
            
            >>> Remote computer appears to use a different baud rate <<<
            
              This  message  is  displayed  when  a  computer receives many
              unrecognized  characters  from  the  serial  port. It usually
              occurs  when  the  program is activated with a different baud
              rate  on  each  computer.  Note  that  this  error is usually
              displayed  on  the  screen of the computer having the fastest
              baud  rate.  It  may  also  occur if you use a high baud rate
              (e.g.  290000)  with a long cable or if your serial port does
              not  use  a  standard  clock  rate.  First,  re-execute  both
              programs  with  the same baud rate. Second, try to reduce the
              baud  rate on the machine that does show this message. Third,
              try  with  a  lower baud rate (e.g. 57600). Fourth, make sure
              that  you  use  the  serial ports connected to the null-modem
              cable.  Fifth,  compare  the  clock  rate of your serial port
              with the value found in the installation section.
            
            1.8 REGISTRATION
            
                    Twin  Express  is  a  shareware package. It is not free
            software  nor  public domain software. The main difference here
            is  that  you  must  purchase  a  license  to  use  it after an
            evaluation  period.  Note that the cost of the license is never
            included   in  the  price  of  disks  from  public  domain  and
            shareware software distributors. 
            
                     The  package  contains  files  that  can be evaluated,
            free  of  charge,  during  a one-week period. During this week,
            you  can  test the program and examine the documentation. After
            this  period,  you  must decide if you want to keep the program
            or  not.  If the product is found to be not useful, the package
            must  be  removed from the system. However, if you do decide to
            keep  it,  you  must  become  a registered user by purchasing a
            license from OMNICODE.
            
                     The  cost  of  a  basic license for two machines is 30


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            CAN$  (including  Canadian taxes where applicable). Add to this
            an  extra  fee  of 10 CAN$ for each additional machine. If Twin
            Express  is  to  be  installed  on  a  server,  you will need a
            license  for  every  computer  that can access the program from
            the   server.  Upon  registration,  you  receive  a  manual,  a
            diskette  containing  the  latest  version  of Twin Express, an
            invoice  (as  proof  of  purchase)  and support for 6 months in
            case  of problems. The registration and order form can be found
            in appendix E.
            
            1.9 CUSTOMER SUPPORT
            
                    You  might  experience problems with the program or the
            documentation  or  you  might  just  want  to obtain the latest
            release.  Registered  users  can  contact OMNICODE to get help.
            Just send a letter or a FAX to:
            
                               OMNICODE
                               P.O. Box 128 Ahuntsic
                               Montral [Qubec]
                               CANADA H3L 3N7
            
                               FAX: (514)385-6455
            
            You  will  find  a problem report form in appendix D to be used
            in  describing  your  problems and for making suggestions. Fill
            in the form in appendix E in order to get the latest update.
            




























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                                       TUTORIAL
            
            
                    This  chapter  introduces the new user to Twin Express.
            The  experienced  user  is  referred  to  chapter  3  for  more
            detailed information.
            
                    We   assume   here   that  the  installation  has  been
            completed  and  that  a  cable  is  connected  between  the two
            computers running Twin Express.
            
            2.1 VOCABULARY
            
                    D.O.S.  means  Disk  Operating  System. Throughout this
            manual,  this  term  is  used  without designating a particular
            implementation of this software (e.g. PC-DOS, UNIX).
            
                    A  null-modem  cable  is  a  cable that connects to the
            serial  ports of two computers. This is not the same as a modem
            cable (the wiring is different).
            
                    Serial  transfers  means  data transmission between two
            computers by their serial devices through a null-modem cable.
            
                    Remote  system  indicates  the  computer  to which your
            computer   (known   as  the  local  system)  is  connected.  By
            extension,  remote  files,  remote directories, remote volumes,
            remote   devices   and   remote   resources   indicates  files,
            directories,  volumes,  devices  and  resources  located on the
            remote system.
            
                    A  volume  is  a  structured  group  of directories and
            files,  sometimes  called a file system, installed on a disk, a
            disk partition or in a dedicated area of the main memory.
            
            2.2 PURPOSE OF A FILE TRANSFER PROGRAM
            
                    The  purpose  of a file transfer program is to transfer
            files  between  two  computers.  It  allows  a user to exchange
            files   between   computers  equipped  with  floppy  drives  of
            different   sizes  or  to  exchange  files  with  a  floppyless
            computer.  It  performs  this  job better than a communications
            program  since  it  is usually much faster and adapted for this
            task.  Finally,  it  is  also  simpler  and faster then using a
            floppy  disk  to  transfer  files between the hard disks of two
            computers  (especially  when  the size of a file is larger than
            the capacity of the floppy disk).
            
                    A  file  transfer  program  needs  a  link  between the
            computers  involved  in  these  transfers.  This can be done by
            connecting  a  cable  to a serial port on each computer. Such a
            port  works  with  fairly long cables, provides some protection
            against noise and is inexpensive.


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            2.3 COMMANDS AND ALIASES
            
                    The   user   interacts  with  Twin  Express  by  typing
            commands  that  have  a  name  similar  to the commands of your
            D.O.S.  For  example,  to  get  a list of the files kept in the
            local current directory:
            
              TWIN> DIR <enter>
            
            The full set of commands is given in the table below:
            
              DIR    : Shows file(s) in a directory.
              CHDIR  : Changes the default directory.
              MKDIR  : Creates a directory.
              RMDIR  : Removes a directory.
              TREE   : Shows directory structure.
              COPY   : Makes a copy of file(s).
              DELETE : Deletes file(s).
              RENAME : Changes the name of file(s).
              TYPE   : Shows the contents of a text file.
              HELP   : Provides help on Twin Express.
              SET    : Changes the transmission mode.
              SHOW   : Displays various information.
              ECHO   : Outputs a string on the console.
              QUIT   : Exits from Twin Express.
            
                    In  order  to  assist  the  users  who  transfer  files
            between  systems  having  two  different  D.O.S.,  Twin Express
            accepts  popular  aliases  for some commands and options. These
            aliases are shown in the table below:
            
              DIR     : LIST, LS
              CHDIR   : CD
              MKDIR   : MD, MAKEDIR
              RMDIR   : RD
              COPY    : XCOPY, CP
              DELETE  : DEL, ERASE, RM
              RENAME  : REN, MV
              TYPE    : MORE, CAT, DISPLAY
              HELP    : ?
              QUIT    : EXIT
            
              SUBDIR  : ALL, /S
            
            This  feature should help those who are used to PC-DOS, MS-DOS,
            AmigaDOS  or  UNIX.  However,  Twin Express commands have their
            own  behavior  and  options.  Therefore, they may not recognize
            certain  options  or perform exactly like their counterparts in
            these operating systems.
            
            2.4 LOCAL VERSUS REMOTE RESOURCES




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                    All   the   commands   related  to  file  or  directory
            operations  can  work  on  local  or  remote  resources.  These
            resources may be: files, directories, volumes and devices.
            
                    Accessing  a local resource is simple. You just specify
            the  name  of  the  resource  in  your command. For example, to
            delete the local file OLDDEMO.C:
            
              TWIN> DELETE  OLDDEMO.C
            
            Unless  otherwise  specified,  Twin  Express  always uses local
            resources.  In the example above, the program deletes the local
            file  OLDDEMO.C  from  the  local default directory. You always
            have  access  to  the  local resources even if no communication
            has been established with a remote computer.
            
                    Accessing  a  remote resource is simple too! This time,
            the  name  of  the  resource  must have a ~ prefix (tilde). For
            example, to delete the remote file OLDDEMO.C:
            
              TWIN> DELETE  ~OLDDEMO.C
            
            In  this case, the request is sent to the remote computer where
            it   is  executed.  In  the  example  above,  the  remote  file
            OLDDEMO.C   is  deleted  from  the  remote  default  directory.
            Communication  must  have been established with a remote system
            before you can use commands specifying remote resources.
            
                    The  procedure  is the same with all the commands. Twin
            Express  uses  a remote resource if the name has a ~ prefix and
            a  local  resource  otherwise.  The commands themselves are the
            same  for both the local and the remote operations. Note: there
            must  be  no  space  between  the  ~ prefix and the name of the
            resource.
            
            2.5 TRANSFERRING FILES WITH THE COPY COMMAND
            
                    The  main purpose of a file transfer program is to copy
            files  from one computer to another. With Twin Express, this is
            done by the COPY command.
            
                    This  command  can  work  with  both  local  and remote
            files.  To  copy  a  file  between  two  computers it is just a
            matter  of  using a local name and a remote name.  For example,
            to  copy  the  local file ALPHA to the file Bravo on the remote
            computer:
            
              TWIN> COPY  ALPHA  ~Bravo
            
            This  command actually transfers a copy of the local file ALPHA
            to  the  remote  system  since  the ~ prefix specifies a remote
            file.  The  new  file  is  stored  as  file Bravo in the remote
            default   directory.  Note:  whenever  possible,  Twin  Express


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            preserves lower case letters used in file and directory names.
            
                    The  target  name  of the COPY command can be a device.
            For  example,  to print the local file README.DOC, you can copy
            it to the remote printer PRT:
            
              TWIN> COPY  README.DOC  ~PRT:
            
            The  following  devices  are  available  on the Amiga computer:
            CON:,  PRT: and NIL:. SER: can also be used locally if the port
            is  not  connected  to a remote computer. The following devices
            are  available  on  the  IBM-PC  or  compatible  systems: CON:,
            COM1:, COM2:, LPT1:, LPT2:, LPT3:, PRN: and NUL:.
            
                    Of  course, you can also copy a remote resource to your
            local  system.  For example, to copy the remote file CHARLIE to
            the local file DELTA:
            
              TWIN> COPY  ~CHARLIE  DELTA
            
            This  time,  a copy of the file CHARLIE is transferred from the
            remote  to  the local system. The command is the same as before
            but the remote resource is now the source file.
            
                     The  source  file and the destination file may also be
            located  on  the  same computer. For example, to copy the local
            file ALPHA to the local file BRAVO:
            
              TWIN> COPY  ALPHA  BRAVO
            
            No  transfer  occurred  between  the  computers,  in this case,
            because  both  names  specified  local files. A remote copy can
            also  be  done if both names specify remote files. For example,
            to copy the remote file CHARLIE to the remote file DELTA:
            
              TWIN> COPY  ~CHARLIE  ~DELTA
            
            With  such  an  operation,  the  request  is sent to the remote
            system  where  it  is  executed locally. This kind of operation
            can  be useful if you have to perform some disk management on a
            distant remote system.
            
                    The  thing  to  remember  here:  COPY always performs a
            file  transfer whenever one name specifies a local resource and
            the  other  name  a  remote  resource. Otherwise, it is a plain
            copy.
            
            2.6 SYNTAX OF FILE AND DIRECTORY NAMES
            
                    By  using  only  simple  file  names, like CHESS.C, the
            user  can access only the files in the local and remote default
            directories.  These  directories  correspond to the directories
            in  use  on  the  local and remote system when Twin Express was
            activated.


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                    Twin  Express  also  accepts  file names that specify a
            path  to  reach  the selected file or directory. Such names are
            often  called  pathnames.  The  path  may contain a volume name
            and/or directory names.
            
                    Directory  and file names must be separated by either /
            (slashes)  or  \  (back-slashes).  For  example, to delete file
            CHESS.C from subdirectory SOURCES in subdirectory GAMES:
            
              TWIN> DELETE  GAMES/SOURCES/CHESS.C               or
              TWIN> DELETE  GAMES\SOURCES\CHESS.C
            
            The  choice  between  / and \ is yours; you can use both on all
            the  systems. To specify the root directory (the main directory
            on  a  volume)  you can use, as well, the slash, the back-slash
            or  the  colon.  For  example:  to  change  the  local  default
            directory to the root directory of the current volume:
            
              TWIN> CHDIR  /                                    or
              TWIN> CHDIR  \                                    or
              TWIN> CHDIR  :
            
            However,  a path may start with a volume name. This name may be
            the   physical   name  of  a  disk  (e.g.  DH0,  E)  or,  where
            applicable,  the  volume  name  specified during a disk format.
            When  a  volume  name  is included in a path, this name must be
            followed  by a colon. For example, to remove directory TRASH on
            remote volume DH0:
            
              TWIN> RMDIR  ~DH0:TRASH
            
            A  volume  name  also  forces  the  path  to  start at the root
            directory  of  this  volume.  Note:  this behavior is different
            from  PC-DOS  and  MS-DOS  where the path starts at the current
            default  directory (unless a \ is used). Actually, Twin Express
            accepts  all  the  following  pathnames  to reach the directory
            DEMOS on volume C:
            
              TWIN> CHDIR  C:/DEMOS
              TWIN> CHDIR  C:\DEMOS
              TWIN> CHDIR  C:DEMOS
              TWIN> CHDIR  :/DEMOS
              TWIN> CHDIR  :\DEMOS
              TWIN> CHDIR  /DEMOS
              TWIN> CHDIR  \DEMOS
              TWIN> CHDIR  :DEMOS
            
            The  last  five  commands above assume that the directory DEMOS
            is  on  the  current default volume. Again, you have the choice
            of  selecting  the  pathname syntax that most resembles that of
            your  system  even  when you transfer files to/from a different
            D.O.S.
            


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            2.7 FILE GROUPS AND WILDCARDS
            
                    Quite  often,  the user needs to transfer more than one
            file:  it  may  be all the files in a directory, C source files
            or  only  the  files  having  a  name starting with HOTEL. Some
            commands  (DIR,  COPY,  DELETE and RENAME) accept the popular *
            and  ?  wildcard  characters  in  order  to  specify a group of
            files.
            
                    The  ?  wildcard character matches any single character
            in  a  file name. For example, to list all the four-letter file
            names starting with L and ending with MA:
            
              TWIN> DIR  L?MA
            
            The  * wildcard character matches any number of characters in a
            file  name.  For  example,  to delete all the files ending with
            .BAK:
            
              TWIN> DELETE  *.BAK
            
            Twin  Express  also  lets  you specify the variable part of the
            file  name  with  a selection from a set of substrings. In this
            case,  the  substrings  are separated by | and the complete set
            is  enclosed  by (). For example, to list the .C files starting
            with TWIN and ending with either HOST, COMM or MAIN:
            
               TWIN> DIR  TWIN(HOST|COMM|MAIN).C
            
            Of  course  the  selection can be combined with wildcards; this
            can  be  quite  powerful.  For example, to delete all the files
            ending with .LST, .MAP or .BAK:
            
              TWIN> DELETE  *.(LST|MAP|BAK)
            
            However,  the  selection and wildcards can be used only in file
            names.  They  cannot  be  used  in  a path (i.e. volume name or
            directory name).
            
                    The  * wildcard character, alone, can also be used in a
            target  name.  For example, to copy all the .EXE files from the
            local subdirectory PROJECTS to the remote subdirectory TESTS:
            
              TWIN> COPY  PROJECTS/*.EXE  ~TESTS/*              or
              TWIN> COPY  PROJECTS/*.EXE  ~TESTS
            
            As  shown  above,  the  * wildcard character in the target name
            matches  the  corresponding files of the source name. Actually,
            this   is   equivalent  to  the  second  command  which  simply
            specifies  the  target  directory.  However,  when  the  target
            directory  is  a  default  directory,  the * wildcard character
            reduces  the number of characters to type. For example, to copy
            the local file CHESS.C to the remote default directory:
            


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              TWIN> COPY  CHESS.C  ~*
            
                    It  may  be  useful  to abort a command when a group of
            files  is  specified.  This  may  occur,  for example, when you
            delete,  by  error, the wrong group of files! In this case, the
            command may be aborted by typing <CTRL-C>.
            
            2.8 MOVING TEXT FILES TO A DIFFERENT TYPE OF COMPUTER
            
                    An  important feature of Twin Express is its ability to
            transfer  files  between  different  types  of  computers (e.g.
            between  Amiga  and  IBM-PC  computers).  This is of particular
            interest  for  text files since binary files containing data or
            programs  are  almost  useless on a different type of computer.
            Text  files  contain  printable  characters.  They  are used to
            store letters, documents, ASCII data and source programs.
            
                    Unfortunately,  each  computer  has  its  own  internal
            organization  for  text  files. The end-of-line marker, end-of-
            file  marker  and  the  coding of special characters may change
            from one computer to another.
            
                    At  this  time, Twin Express handles the translation of
            the  end-of-line  marker,  the  end-of-file  marker and 50 non-
            standard  characters  common  to  both Amiga and IBM compatible
            computers.   The   changes   are  described  in  the  following
            paragraphs:
            
              1. The  end-of-line  marker  is  translated  between  NL (new
                 line)  on  the  Amiga  and  CR/LF  (carriage return / line
                 feed) on the IBM-PC or compatible computers.
            
              2. A  <CTRL-Z>  marker  is  appended  to  the end of all text
                 files  on  IBM-PC  or  compatible  computers.  Note:  this
                 marker  is  added  even  if the marker is missing from the
                 source file.
            
              3. The  Amiga  and IBM-PC machines share 50 characters having
                 the   same   typeface  but  a  different  code.  A  simple
                 translation  is  done  in this case. These characters are:
                 ,  ,  , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
                 ,  ,  , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
                 ,  , , , , , , , , , , . The remaining special
                 characters are left unmodified.
            
                    The  TEXT option of the COPY command indicates that the
            source  file  contains  text rather than binary or raw data. It
            enables  the  translation  process. It is not required when the
            transfer  is done to the same type of computer. For example, to
            transfer  the  text  file  TWIN.DOC from the local directory to
            the file TWIN.TXT on a different remote computer:
            
              TWIN> COPY  TWIN.DOC  ~TWIN.TXT  TEXT
            


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                    The  TYPE  command displays on screen the contents of a
            text  file. Twin Express automatically translates the file to a
            format  compatible  with  the local computer when the file is a
            remote  file from a different type of computer. For example, to
            display the contents of the remote file SONGS.SPA:
            
              TWIN>  TYPE  ~SONGS.SPA
            
            The  TYPE  command  assumes  that  SONGS.SPA is a text file and
            translates it, if necessary.
            
                    A   word   of  caution  about  word  processors.  These
            programs  keep  some  formating information in your text files.
            This  information  may  change  from  one  type  of computer to
            another.   Twin   Express  does  not  translate  this  type  of
            information.  Therefore  you  may  want  to  transfer  the file
            without  the  TEXT option and then use a conversion program. On
            the  other hand, if the word processor output can be redirected
            to  an ASCII file, instead of the printer, this output file can
            be  transferred  with the TEXT option since it does not contain
            the formating information.
            
            2.9 ENABLING FAST TRANSFERS
            
                    The  main  feature  of  Twin Express is its speed. High
            speed  serial  transfers  can  be achieved by using a high baud
            rate and/or a special transmission mode.
            
                    On  the  Amiga computer, the hardware can transfer more
            than  1,000,000 bits per second (according to Commodore-Amiga).
            To   get   the  fastest  serial  transfers  between  two  Amiga
            computers  it  is  thus  a matter of selecting the highest baud
            rate  possible. In practice, this baud rate is actually limited
            by  CPU  speed  and  cable  capacitance  (ability  to oppose to
            changing  voltages).  The highest baud rate recommended for the
            Amiga  family  of computers is 190000. However, if you have two
            Amiga  3000  and  a short cable you may use baud rates of up to
            290000. For example, to execute Twin Express at 230000 baud:
            
              A> TWIN  SER  230000
            
            With  such  a  baud rate, the effective transfer speed is about
            22,000  bytes  per  second.  Raising  the  baud  rate, from its
            default  115200  baud,  is  the  recommended method to get high
            speed serial transfers between two Amiga computers.
            
                    On  a  12.5  MHz  AT-type  computer,  the  hardware can
            transfer  data  at  up  to  115200  bits  per  second. Speed is
            actually  limited  by  the  hardware,  not  by  the CPU. To get
            faster  speeds,  the  user  must  select a special transmission
            mode  (EXPRESS).  On  a 12.5 MHz AT-type computer, it transfers
            about  100%  more  data  than  the  default  STANDARD mode. For
            example, to enable the EXPRESS mode:
            


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              TWIN> SET  MODE  EXPRESS
            
            This  allows a user to transfer files at about 22,000 bytes per
            second  using the default baud rate of 115200. You can also use
            this  mode with Amiga computers. However, with a high baud rate
            the increase in performance is lower.
            
                    The  EXPRESS  mode  is the recommended mode of transfer
            unless  you  are  using a 3-wire cable or you run into a lot of
            transmission errors.
            
            2.10 INPUT FROM A COMMAND FILE
            
                    Twin  Express  reads  its  commands  from  the standard
            input   file   used  upon  activation.  This  file  is  usually
            connected  to  the keyboard. However, it is possible to execute
            commands  from a disk file. The user just needs to redirect the
            standard  input  to  this  file.  For  example,  to execute the
            commands in file BACKUP.TNX:
            
              TWIN  <BACKUP.TNX
            
            The  file contains the same commands as would be entered from a
            keyboard, including the final QUIT command. For example:
            
              COPY  C:*.C  ~D:  SUBDIR  TEXT
              COPY  C:*.ASM  ~D:  SUBDIR  TEXT
              QUIT
            
            Note: commands files can be created with any text editor.
            
            
























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                                        COMMANDS
            
            
                    This  chapter  provides detailed information about each
            Twin Express command.
            
                    The  full  syntax  is  given  for  each command. Square
            brackets  ([])  indicate  optional  parameters.  Braces  ({  })
            indicate a choice from a list.
            
            3.1 CHDIR
            
            Syntax: CHDIR  [~]DirectoryName
            
                    Twin  Express  supports  two  default  directories: the
            local  directory and the remote directory. These are defined by
            the  volumes  and  directories  in  use  when  Twin Express was
            activated.
            
                    The  CHDIR command changes the default directory of the
            local  system  or  the  remote system. The default directory is
            used  whenever  the  user  specifies a name not starting at the
            root  directory  of  a  volume  (e.g.  CHESS.C  as  opposed  to
            /GAMES/SOURCES/CHESS.C).
            
                    The  name  of  a local directory is used with the CHDIR
            command  to change the local default directory. For example, to
            change the local default directory to IBMGAMES on volume B:
            
              TWIN> CHDIR  B:IBMGAMES                           or
              TWIN> CHDIR  B:/IBMGAMES                          or
              TWIN> CHDIR  B:\IBMGAMES
            
            The  default drive is changed when a volume is specified in the
            pathname,  as  in  the  example above. This also indicates that
            the  directory  specified can be found in the root directory of
            that  volume  even  though  a  slash  or  a  back-slash  is not
            specified  after  the  colon.  Note: This behavior is different
            from that of PC-DOS and MS-DOS.
            
                    A  remote  directory  name is used to change the remote
            default  directory.  Since this refers to a remote resource the
            name  must have the ~ prefix. For example, to change the remote
            default directory to AMIGAMES on volume DH0:
            
              TWIN> CHDIR  ~DH0:AMIGAMES                        or
              TWIN> CHDIR  ~DH0:/AMIGAMES                       or
              TWIN> CHDIR  ~DH0:\AMIGAMES
            
            3.2 COPY
            
            Syntax: COPY  [~]SourceOfData  [~]DestinationOfData  [SUBDIR]
                          [{BINARY|TEXT}]


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                    The  COPY  command  creates copies of files. Source and
            destination files may be local or remote resources.
            
                    In  its  simplest  form, the command COPY uses a source
            file  and a destination file on the same computer. For example,
            to  copy  the  local  file  AUTOEXEC.BAT  into  the  local file
            AUTOEXEC.OLD  and  to  copy the remote file startup-sequence to
            remote file old-startup-sequence:
            
              TWIN> COPY  AUTOEXEC.BAT  AUTOEXEC.OLD
              TWIN> COPY  ~startup-sequence  ~old-startup-sequence
            
            As  shown  above,  the remote resources must have the ~ prefix.
            Note:  the  target file gets the same creation date and time as
            the source file.
            
                    A  more useful form, from a file transfer program point
            of  view,  is when the source file and the destination file are
            not  on  the  same system. This actually transfers the contents
            of  the source file to the destination system through the cable
            connected   to  the  serial  devices  of  both  computers.  For
            example,  to  copy the local file TITLES.LIB to file NEWHITS on
            the remote system:
            
              TWIN> COPY  TITLES.LIB  ~NEWHITS
            
                    Source  file  names  may contain wildcards. This allows
            the  user  to  copy  many  files  with  a  single  command. For
            example,  to  copy all the .C files of the current directory to
            the directory SOURCES:
            
              TWIN> COPY  *.C  SOURCES
            
            Note:   when  the  source  name  contains  wildcards  or  is  a
            directory  name,  the  target  name  must  be  the  name  of  a
            directory.
            
                    On   request,  COPY  can  also  process  the  files  of
            subdirectories.  This  is  indicated  by the SUBDIR option. For
            example,  to  copy  all  the  remote .EXE files from the remote
            directory   GAMES,  including  all  the  .EXE  files  found  in
            sudirectories  of  directory  GAMES,  to  the  local  directory
            DEMOS:
            
              TWIN> COPY  ~GAMES/*.EXE  DEMOS  SUBDIR           or
              TWIN> COPY  ~GAMES\*.EXE  DEMOS  SUBDIR
            
            In  this  case,  Twin Express first copies matching files found
            in  the  source  directory  to  the  target  directory. It then
            copies   matching   files   found   in   each   of  the  source
            subdirectories  to  subdirectories  of  the  same  name  in the
            target  directory.  If  a matching target subdirectory does not
            exist,  Twin  Express  creates the subdirectory and then copies


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            the   corresponding   files  to  it.  This  produces  a  target
            directory having the same structure as the source directory.
            
                   The  TEXT option indicates that the source file contains
            text  (printable characters) rather than binary data. It allows
            Twin  Express  to  translate  your text files when you transfer
            them  between  an  Amiga  and  an IBM computer. For example, to
            transfer  all  the text files from the local directory BUSINESS
            to the remote directory LETTERS:
            
              TWIN> COPY  BUSINESS  ~LETTERS  TEXT
            
            More  information about the translation process can be found in
            section  2.8  of  this manual. By default, the BINARY option is
            used and no translation is done.
            
            3.3 DELETE
            
            Syntax: DELETE  FileName  [SUBDIR]
            
                    The  DELETE  command removes local or remote files from
            a file system.
            
                    A  local  file  name is used with the DELETE command to
            delete   a   local  file.  For  example,  to  delete  the  file
            REPORT.OLD in the default local directory:
            
              TWIN> DELETE  REPORT.OLD
            
            To  delete a remote file, the file name must have the ~ prefix.
            For  example,  to  delete  the  remote  file  REPORT.OLD in the
            default remote directory:
            
              TWIN> DELETE  ~REPORT.OLD
            
            Usage   of  wildcards  is  permitted  with  this  command.  For
            example,  to  delete  all  the  .MAP files in the local default
            directory:
            
              TWIN> DELETE  *.MAP
            
                    On  request,  DELETE  can be extended to files found in
            subdirectories.  This  is  indicated  by the SUBDIR option. For
            example, to delete all the .LST files on the remote volume C:
            
              TWIN> DELETE  ~C:*.LST  SUBDIR                    or
              TWIN> DELETE  ~C:/*.LST  SUBDIR                   or
              TWIN> DELETE  ~C:\*.LST  SUBDIR
            
            3.4 DIR
            
            Syntax: DIR  [~][PathName]  [SUBDIR]
            
                    The  DIR  command  displays the names of the files in a


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            local  or  remote directory. The command provides the following
            data  regarding  these  files:  the  file size (bytes), date of
            last  modification,  time  of  last  modification  and the file
            attributes.  For  example,  DIR  might  display  the  following
            information:
            
              Listing of directory C:\GAMES\CHESS
            
              CHESS.BAT                193  91-03-31  09:10:47  --CA  RW-D
              CHESS.C               245002  91-09-26  15:28:18  ---A  RW-D
              CHESS.EXE             113247  91-09-26  15:31:58  ----  RWED
              CHESS.DOC              35831  91-09-27  11:55:16  ----  RW-D
              OPENINGS           Directory  91-05-25  16:29:31  ----  RWED
              CHESS.O                54645  91-09-26  15:31:04  ----  RW-D
            
              Total size of files:  448918
            
                    A  local  file name is used with the DIR command to get
            information  on  a  specific  local  file.  For example, to get
            information on the local file CHESS.C:
            
              TWIN> DIR  CHESS.C
            
            To  get  information  on a remote file, the file name must have
            the  ~  prefix.  For  example, to get information on the remote
            file GRAPHLIB:
            
              TWIN> DIR  ~GRAPHLIB
            
            Usage  of  wildcard  characters  is  permitted. For example, to
            display  information about all the files having a name starting
            with HOTEL:
            
              TWIN> DIR  HOTEL*
            
            To  get  the  complete  listing  of a particular directory, the
            user  must  supply a directory name instead of a file name. For
            example:  to  get  a  complete  listing  of  files in directory
            A:\BACKUP1:
            
              TWIN> DIR  A:BACKUP1                              or
              TWIN> DIR  A:\BACKUP1
              TWIN> DIR  A:/BACKUP1
            
            To  get a complete listing of a default directory, the user has
            the  choice  of  using  the  * wildcard character or no name at
            all.  For  example,  to  display  all  the  files of the remote
            default directory:
            
              TWIN> DIR  ~                                     or
              TWIN> DIR  ~*
            
            The  SUBDIR  option  can  be  used to also display the matching
            files  in subdirectories. For example: to get a list of all the


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            files having the .OLD extension on the current volume:
            
              TWIN> DIR  :*.OLD  SUBDIR                        or
              TWIN> DIR  /*.OLD  SUBDIR                        or
              TWIN> DIR  \*.OLD  SUBDIR
            
                    The  file attributes define some characteristics of the
            file. Twin Express supports the following attributes:
            
              S: File is a system file.
              H: File is normally hidden.
              C: File is a command file (batch file, script file).
              P: File contains pure, re-entrant code.
              A: File has been archived since its last modification.
              R: File can be read (not read protected).
              W: File can be written, modified (not write protected).
              E: File can be executed (not execute protected).
              D: File can be deleted (not delete protected).
            
            Not  all  these attributes are supported on all of the systems.
            Twin  Express running on the IBM-PC or compatible machines does
            not  support the attribute P and simulates the attributes C, R,
            W, E, D.
            
            3.5 ECHO
            
            Syntax: ECHO UserText
            
                    ECHO  displays  on the screen the text that follows the
            command.  For  example, to get the message "Remote Backup" upon
            the execution of the command ECHO:
            
              TWIN> ECHO Remote Backup
            
            The  purpose  of  this  command is to display comments when the
            input  to  Twin  Express  comes from a command file rather than
            the keyboard.
            
            3.6 HELP
            
            Syntax: HELP  [{TWIN|CABLE|USAGE|COMMANDS|EXAMPLES}]
            
                    The  HELP  command  provides on-line information to the
            user.
            
                    The  command  may  be used with or without a parameter.
            Without  a  parameter,  it  is a request for information on the
            command itself. Example:
            
              TWIN> HELP
            
            In  this  case,  the command only displays the topics for which
            help  is  available.  Actually,  the  user  can get information
            about  registration (TWIN), information about the wiring of the


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            null-modem  cable  used  for  the  serial transfers (CABLE), an
            introduction  to  the  basic  operations  (USAGE),  the command
            syntax (COMMANDS) and some typical examples (EXAMPLES).
            
                    For  more  detailed  information,  the  topic  must  be
            specified  in the command. For example, to display a summary of
            all the commands:
            
              TWIN> HELP  COMMANDS
            
            3.7 MKDIR
            
            Syntax: MKDIR  [~]DirectoryName
            
                    The  MKDIR  command creates a new directory in the file
            system of the local or the remote computer.
            
                    A  local  directory  name  is  used  to  create a local
            directory.  For  example, to create the subdirectory IBMNEWS in
            the current default directory:
            
              TWIN> MKDIR  IBMNEWS
            
            A  ~  prefix  is used at the beginning of the directory name to
            create   a   remote  directory.  For  example,  to  create  the
            directory AmiNews in the remote root directory:
            
              TWIN> MKDIR  ~/AmiNews                            or
              TWIN> MKDIR  ~\Aminews                            or
              TWIN> MKDIR  ~:AmiNews
            
            3.8 QUIT
            
            Syntax: QUIT
            
                    This   command  allows  the  user  to  exit  from  Twin
            Express.  Note  that you also exit from the remote program if a
            connection had been established with the remote.
            
                    After  exiting  from  the  program  you are left in the
            directory  from  which  you  activated  Twin  Express even if a
            different  default  directory  (via  CHDIR)  had  been selected
            during your session with the program.
            
            3.9 RENAME
            
            Syntax: RENAME  [~]SourceName  [~]TargetName  [SUBDIR]
            
                    The  RENAME command changes the current name of a local
            or a remote file to a new name.
            
                    The  current name and the new name are the two required
            parameters  to this command. For example, to change the name of
            the local file TEST.ASM to DONJON.ASM:


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              TWIN> RENAME  TEST.ASM  DONJON.ASM
            
            You  can  also  "rename"  the  file  so as to change its parent
            directory.  This  actually moves the file to another directory.
            For example, to move file DONJON.ASM to the directory GAMES:
            
              TWIN> RENAME  DONJON.ASM  :GAMES                  or
              TWIN> RENAME  DONJON.ASM  /GAMES                  or
              TWIN> RENAME  DONJON.ASM  \GAMES
            
            Usually,  most systems won't allow the user to rename a file to
            a  different  volume. In this case, the user must copy the file
            to the new volume and delete the old file.
            
                    Both  the current name and the new name must have the ~
            prefix  to  rename  a  remote  file. For example, to change the
            name  of  remote  file  TEST.PAS to DRAGON.PAS in the directory
            GAMES of the remote computer:
            
              TWIN> RENAME  ~TEST.PAS  ~:GAMES/DRAGON.PAS       or
              TWIN> RENAME  ~TEST.PAS  ~:GAMES\DRAGON.PAS       or
              TWIN> RENAME  ~TEST.PAS  ~/GAMES/DRAGON.PAS       or
              TWIN> RENAME  ~TEST.PAS  ~\GAMES\DRAGON.PAS
            
            The  ~  prefix is required in both names, otherwise the meaning
            would  be  "move  file  to  another  system"  which  is not the
            purpose of this command.
            
                    The  command RENAME also supports the use of wildcards.
            This  is  used  to  move  a  selected group of files to another
            directory.  For  example, to move all the files ending in .C to
            the directory CSTUFF:
            
              TWIN> RENAME  *.C  :CSTUFF                        or
              TWIN> RENAME  *.C  /CSTUFF                        or
              TWIN> RENAME  *.C  \CSTUFF
            
            With  such a command, all the selected files are moved to a new
            directory. However, all of them keep their original name.
            
            3.10 RMDIR
            
            Syntax: RMDIR  [~]DirectoryName
            
                    The   RMDIR   command  removes  a  local  or  a  remote
            directory from the file system.
            
                    The  name  of  a local directory is used with the RMDIR
            command  to  delete  a  local  directory  from  the system. For
            example,  to  remove  the  local subdirectory OLDSTUFF from the
            current default directory:
            
              TWIN> RMDIR  OLDSTUFF


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            A  remote  directory  name must have the ~ prefix. For example,
            to   delete   the  directory  OBSOLETE  from  the  remote  root
            directory:
            
              TWIN> RMDIR  ~:OBSOLETE                           or
              TWIN> RMDIR  ~/OBSOLETE                           or
              TWIN> RMDIR  ~\OBSOLETE
            
            Most  systems prohibit deletion of non-empty directories, which
            is  a good security feature. The user must remove all the files
            and any subdirectories from the directory before deleting it.
            
            3.11 SET
            
            
            Syntax: SET MODE {STANDARD|EXPRESS}
            
                    The  SET command allows a user to select one of the two
            serial  transmission  modes.  These  are:  STANDARD  (the basic
            mode) and EXPRESS (a high speed mode).
            
                    The  STANDARD  mode transmits data at the speed defined
            by  the current baud rate. At 115200 baud, it transfers data at
            about  11,000 bytes per second. This is the default mode. It is
            also  the  mode recommended when transmission errors occur with
            the high speed mode.
            
                    The  EXPRESS  mode  is a high speed mode that transmits
            more  data  than  the  standard  mode for a given baud rate. At
            115200  baud,  it  transfers  data  at  about  22,000 bytes per
            second on 12.5 MHz AT-type computers.
            
                    There  is  no  need  to  type  a  SET  command  on both
            machines.  Twin Express automatically puts the remote system in
            the  same mode. For example, to enable the EXPRESS mode on both
            computers:
            
              TWIN> SET  MODE  EXPRESS
            
            3.12 SHOW
            
            Syntax: SHOW {DEVICE|BAUD|SPEED|STATUS|PATH}
            
                    The  SHOW  command  allows  a  user  to get information
            about  the  current  device,  current baud rate, current speed,
            default directories or status.
            
                    The  DEVICE option indicates the current serial port in
            use on the local computer.
            
                    The  BAUD option indicates the current baud rate in use
            on the local computer.
            


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                    The  SPEED  option  indicates  the  estimated  transfer
            speed  (in bytes per second) according to the current baud rate
            and selected mode.
            
                    The  PATH  option  indicates  the  default  directories
            (local and remote).
            
                    The  STATUS  option  displays the type of the local and
            the  remote  systems  (Amiga  or  IBM compatible), the names of
            local  and  remote ports and type of cable (3 or 7 wires) being
            used.
            
                    For   example,   to   display   information  about  the
            estimated transfer speed:
            
              TWIN> SHOW  SPEED
            
            3.13 TREE
            
            Syntax: TREE [~][DirectoryName]
            
                    The  TREE command displays the structure of a directory
            and  of all the subdirectories nested within it. For example, a
            GAMES directory might have the following structure:
            
              GAMES
                ADVENTURE
                  MS-TREK
                  COMBAT
                ARCADE
                  BRICKS
                  PINBALL
                MISC
                  GAMBLING
                    BLACKJACK
                  BOARDS
                    CHESS
                    CHECKERS
                  CARDS
                    BRIDGE
            
                    A  local  directory  name is used with the TREE command
            to  display the structure of a local directory. For example, to
            view the directory structure of the local directory GAMES:
            
              TWIN> TREE GAMES
            
            The  directory name is not required to get the structure of the
            default directory.
            
                    A  directory  name  with  a ~ prefix is used to display
            the  structure  of a remote directory. For example, to view the
            directory structure of the remote directory GAMES:
            


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              TWIN> TREE ~GAMES
            
            3.14 TYPE
            
            Syntax: TYPE TextFileName
            
                    The  TYPE command displays the contents of a local or a
            remote  text  file,  one page at a time. The user may abort the
            command by typing <CTRL-C>.
            
                    A  local  name is used with the TYPE command to display
	    a  local  text  file.  For  example,  to display the local file
	    AUTOEXEC.BAT:

	      TWIN> TYPE  AUTOEXEC.BAT

		    To  display a remote text file, the file name must have
	    the   ~  prefix.  For  example,  to  display  the  remote  file
	    startup-sequence:

	      TWIN> TYPE  ~startup-sequence

	    You  can  display remote text files even if the remote computer
	    is  not  compatible  with the local computer (e.g. Amiga vs IBM
	    PC).  In  this  case,  Twin  Express will translate the file as
	    described in section 2.8 of this manual.






























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                                     ERROR MESSAGES
            
            
                    Errors  fall  in  three  classes: startup errors, usage
            errors and communication errors.
            
            Startup errors:
            
                    Startup  errors  are  problems detected upon activation
            of Twin Express. Section 1.7 describes these errors in detail.
            
            Usage errors:
            
                    Usage  errors indicate mistakes in a user command (e.g.
            bad  command,  missing  parameters) or an error detected during
            execution  of  a  command. These messages always start with the
            word  "Error".  For  example, an error message indicating a bad
            command:
            
              Error: Invalid command.
            
            A  usage  error always terminates the program when the input is
            from a command file.
            
            Communication errors:
            
                    Communication   errors   are   indicated   by  messages
            enclosed  between  >>>  and  <<<.  The  message  specifies some
            unusual  conditions  related  to  communication with the serial
            link. You should not see many of them under normal conditions.
            
                    Most  communication  error  messages  indicate  that an
            error  was found in a block of data. These errors are generated
            by   bad   connections,   high  baud  rates,  long  cables  and
            electrical  interference.  As  a  result, one or more bits have
            been  changed  in  a  block  of data transmitted via the serial
            cable.   This  condition  may  produce  one  of  the  following
            messages:
            
              >>> Last packet data transmitted with error <<<
              >>> Last packet header transmitted with error <<<
              >>> Last packet data received with error <<<
              >>> Last packet header received with error <<<
            
            In  this  case,  Twin Express retransmits the block of data and
            the  corrupted  block  is  discarded. It does not mean that the
            transmitted  files  contain these transmission errors. However,
            if  you  have  many  of these errors (say more than one error /
            million  bytes) you should consider using a slower transmission
            mode  or  a  slower  baud  rate  to  avoid  possible undetected
            errors.
            
                    Retransmission  of bad blocks of data may produce other


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            types  of messages under some circumstances. As before, it does
            not   mean   that   errors   have  been  introduced  into  your
            transmitted  files  (serious errors abort the program instead).
            These messages are:
            
              >>> Duplicate of a packet (packet ignored) <<<
              >>> Unexpected collision of two packets <<<
              >>> Collision of two packets (recovered) <<<
              >>> Fatal collision of two packets detected <<<
              >>> Fatal packet numbering errors <<<
            
            These  messages  might  also  appear  as a result of a software
            problem.  Please  contact  OMNICODE if you repeatedly get these
            messages at a low baud rate.
            
                    Once  in  a  while  you  might see one of the following
            messages:
            
              >>> Break detected: bad device or cable problem <<<
              >>> Remote computer does not respond <<<
              >>> Waiting for remote to reply <<<
            
            They  usually  indicate  a  cable with a bad connection, a dis-
            connected  cable  or  a  program  waiting  for  completion of a
            system  request.  You  should  check whether the cable is still
            properly  connected or whether you have a system request on the
            remote computer.
            
                 The  remaining  errors  are usually encountered during the
            debugging  of  the  communication  protocol  or with a very bad
            serial  link.  If  you get one of the following messages, check
            your  cable  and  try  to  execute  the program at a lower baud
            rate:
            
              >>> Sender got an out of sync ACK/NAK/SYN/CAN <<<
              >>> Receiver got an out of sync ACK/NAK/SYN/CAN <<<
              >>> Sender received an unrecognized reply <<<
              >>> Receiver got an unrecognized character <<<
              >>> Time-out while receiving packet header <<<
              >>> Receiver failed to acknowledge packet header <<<
              >>> Time-out while receiving packet data <<<
              >>> Sender failed to send data checksum <<<
              >>> Receiver failed to acknowledge packet data <<<
            
            











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                                   LICENSE AGREEMENT
            
            
                    In   consideration  of  payment  of  the  license  fee,
            OMNICODE   grants  the  licensee  the  following  non-exclusive
            rights:
            
              1. The  licensee  owns  the  media  on  which the software is
                 distributed.   However,   the   software  itself  and  the
                 documentation remain the property of OMNICODE.
            
              2. The  licensee may install and use this software on as many
                 computers  as  have  been  registered. The initial license
                 (registration) is valid for two computers.
            
              3. Each  of  the  computers  on  which  the software has been
                 installed may be used by any number of users.
            
              4. The  licensee  may  move the software from one computer to
                 another  as  long  as the number of computers that use the
                 software  does  not  exceed  the  number  of computers for
                 which the license costs have been paid.
            
                    All  rights not expressly granted in this agreement are
            reserved by OMNICODE.
            





























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                                DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
            
            
                    For  the  purposes  of  this  distribution statement, a
            distributor   is  any  person,  organization,  club,  group  or
            company  making  the Twin Express package available to somebody
            else.
            
                    Permission  is  hereby  granted  to  any distributor to
            copy,  distribute,  or  store  this  package  in  a library, an
            information  system  or  a bulletin board system as long as all
            the following rules are respected:
            
              1.  The package may not be sold or leased out.
            
              2.  The  package  may  not  be bound, attached or linked to a
                  salable  product.  In particular, it may not be installed
                  on  the hard disk of a computer being sold or distributed
                  with any commercial product.
            
              3.  Notwithstanding  rule  2,  a  distributor  may  charge  a
                  reasonable  fee  to  cover  the cost of a diskette and/or
                  mailing and/or handling and/or connect time.
            
              4.  The  package  may not be distributed via a disk magazine.
                  For  the purposes of this rule, a disk magazine is either
                  a  magazine  normally sold with an accompanying disk or a
                  simple  advertising  cover  containing a disk. These disk
                  magazines  are  usually  found  in  bookstores with other
                  computer magazines.
            
              5.  Notwithstanding  rules  2  and  4,  the  publisher  of  a
                  standard  magazine  may  offer, as a separate service, to
                  send  a copy of this package to its readers or to make it
                  available  for  downloads. For the purposes of this rule,
                  a  standard  magazine  is  a  magazine  sold  without  an
                  accompanying disk.
            
              6.  Distribution  of  a printed copy of the documentation, in
                  whole or in part, is prohibited.
            
              7.  With  one  exception,  the  package  may not be modified.
                  That  is,  the  files  included in the package may not be
                  modified,  substituted,  deleted  or  mixed with files of
                  other  software.  However,  the distributor may add files
                  describing its distribution service to the package.
            
              8.  All  the  files  included  in the package must be distri-
                  buted  together.  The package shall be distributed via an
                  archive  file  (library  format)  or  as  files stored in
                  their own directory.
            
              9.  A  distribution  diskette  may have many archive files or


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                  directories  containing  other shareware or public domain
                  software.
            
              10. The  distributor  may  not distribute the package as free
                  software  or  public  domain software. Whenever possible,
                  the  distributor  shall  indicate  that  the  package  is
                  shareware software.
            
              11. The  distributor  agrees  to  stop  distribution  of this
                  package as soon as notified by OMNICODE.
            













































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                                  PROBLEM REPORT FORM
            
            
            DATE           ________________________________________________
            NAME           ________________________________________________
            COMPANY        ________________________________________________
            ADDRESS        ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           Country ___________ Zip code  __________________
            TEL            ___________________ FAX       __________________
            REGISTRATION # ___________________ (required for a reply...)   
            
            
            PRODUCT        Twin Express_______ RELEASE   __________________
            
            
            COMPUTER BRAND _______________ OPERATING SYSTEM _______________
            CPU TYPE       _______________ RELEASE          _______________
            CPU CLOCK      _______________ FLOPPY DISK TYPE _______________
            
            
            PROBLEMS,      ________________________________________________
            ENHANCEMENTS,  ________________________________________________
            SUGGESTIONS,   ________________________________________________
            REQUESTS...    ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
            
            Note: if possible, indicate how to reproduce the problem.
            
            Send to OMNICODE
                    P.O. Box 128 Ahuntsic
                    Montral [Qubec]
                    CANADA H3L 3N7                 FAX: (514)385-6455
            











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                              REGISTRATION AND ORDER FORM
            
            
            DATE           ________________________________________________
            NAME           ________________________________________________
            COMPANY        ________________________________________________
            ADDRESS        ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           ________________________________________________
                           Country ____________ Zip code  _________________
            TEL            ____________________ FAX       _________________
            REGISTRATION # ____________________ (required for items 2 - 3) 
            
            COMPUTER BRAND _______________ OPERATING SYSTEM _______________
            CPU TYPE       _______________ RELEASE          _______________
            CPU CLOCK      _______________ FLOPPY DISK TYPE _______________
            
            COMPUTER BRAND _______________ OPERATING SYSTEM _______________
            CPU TYPE       _______________ RELEASE          _______________
            CPU CLOCK      _______________ FLOPPY DISK TYPE _______________
            
            HOW DID YOU GET A COPY OF TWIN EXPRESS (a-g) ?  _______________
              a) Friend                         Name & address of d,e,f,g
              b) Office                         ___________________________
              c) Information system (e.g. BIX)  ___________________________
              d) Bulletin Board System (BBS)    ___________________________
              e) Users group - club             ___________________________
              f) Shareware distributor          ___________________________
              g) Other ________________________ ___________________________
            
            EXPECTED USAGE OF TWIN EXPRESS:
            _______________________________________________________________
            _______________________________________________________________
            _______________________________________________________________
            _______________________________________________________________
            _______________________________________________________________
            
            YOUR COMMENTS ABOUT TWIN EXPRESS:
            _______________________________________________________________
            _______________________________________________________________
            _______________________________________________________________
            _______________________________________________________________
            _______________________________________________________________
            











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            QTY                    PRODUCT                          PRICE  
            
            ___ Registration for 2 computers             (30.00 $) ________
                  (includes 1 manual and 2 diskettes)
            
            ___ Extra license for 1 computer             (10.00 $) ________
            
            ___ Extra manual                              (9.00 $) ________
            
            ___ Latest update diskettes                   (7.00 $) ________
            
                                                            Total: ________
            
            
            
            
            
            
            All prices are in Canadian dollars.
            Prices are subject to change without notice.
            Prices include Canadian taxes where applicable.
            Use a money order or a check drawn on a Canadian bank.
            
            
            
            
            
            
            Send to OMNICODE
                    P.O. Box 128 Ahuntsic
                    Montral [Qubec]
                    CANADA H3L 3N7























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