Subject: comp.sys.mac.comm Frequently Asked Questions [2/4]
Supersedes: <csmc-FAQ2_809144187@Princeton.EDU>
Date: 9 Jan 1996 00:54:01 GMT
References: <csmc-FAQ1_821148837@Princeton.EDU>
Summary: This is the comp.sys.mac.comm Frequently Asked Questions list; its
. intent is to provide information specific to Macintosh computer
. communications, including modems, networks, and the like. You are
. encouraged to read this FAQ before posting to the newsgroup.

Archive-name: macintosh/comm-faq/part2
Last-modified: Mon Jan  8 1995

.
================================================================================
[3] Macintosh File-transfers
============================

[3.1] What programs support Kermit, FTP (client), and/or X,Y,Z-MODEM
--------------------------------------------------------------------
        and where can I get them?
        
        The following is a fairly complete list of the popular free, shareware,
        and payware terminal and file-transfer programs currently available.
        (Last revised: 6/94, but this list is probably not complete).

BN:.Black Night, US$30 shareware, Christopher Swan, cswan@actrix.gen.nz
CL:     Communicate Lite, $50 SRP, various discounts available, 
        Mark/Space Softworks, mspace@netcom.com
CM:     Comet, free, Cornell University
        comet-comments@nmc.cit.cornell.edu; 
        FTP from ftp.cit.cornell.edu
GT:     GrafTerm, $50 shareware, Infrastructure Software
MI:     MacIntercomm, $130, New World Computing, Inc., (818) 999-0607,
        help@inter.com
MK:     MacKermit, free, source code is available, fdc@watsun.cc.columbia.edu
ML:     MacLayers 1.30, free, UNIX source included, Eric C. Rosen and 
        David W. Trissel, layers-reply@rascal.ics.utexas.edu
MT:.MacToPic Plus, $295, site licenses available, Carnation Software,
.(206) 333-4288, richlove@netcom.com
MP:     MicroPhone II 5.0, $149 retail, $119.95 mail order; cheaper sidegrades 
.often available, Software Ventures Corporation, (510) 6441325, 
.microphone@svcdudes.com
.Also, MicroPhone Pro, a slightly more capable package.
.Software Ventures Corporation now offers MicroPhone LT, a streamlined 
.version of MicroPhone II.
PT:     PacerTerm, $159, Pacer Software, (619) 454-0565,
        support@pacersoft.com
PW:.Pathway Access Macintosh, The Wollongong Group, (800) 872-8649
.[in California (800) 962-8649], sales@twg.com
QV:     QVT, $50 shareware, QPC Software
SC:     Smartcom II,  $84, $59 upgrade from Smartcom, Hayes,
        (404) 441-1617, BBS: 800-US-HAYES
ST:     SITcomm 1.0, $120, sidegrades are $49, and existing Aladdin customers
        pay only $39, Aladdin Systems, (408) 761-6200, 
        aladdin@applelink.apple.com or aladdin@well.sf.ca.us
TM:     Term, free, Peter DeCamillo and Jon Gilbert
        cmsmaint@brownvm.brown.edu
TL:     Terminal, free, source code included, Erny Tontlinger
        73720.2200@compuserve.com     
TR:     Termulator, $25 shareware, Brad Quick  
TY:     Termy, free, Ice Engineering, termy@ice.com
VP:     VersaTerm Pro, $177, Synergy Software, (215) 779-0522,
        tech support: synergy1@tech.abelbeck.com,
.upgrade order forms: upgrade@synergy.com, sales information:
.maxwell@sales.synergy.com
VT:     VersaTerm, $90, Synergy Software, (215) 779-0522
        tech support: synergy1@tech.abelbeck.com,
.upgrade order forms: upgrade@synergy.com, sales information:
.maxwell@sales.synergy.com 
WK:     White Knight, 68k - $85; Power PC - $109.95, Freesoft, (412) 846-2700
ZT:     ZTerm, $30 shareware, $40 with disk, Dave Alverson,
        davea@xetron.com
5P:     5PM, $370, About Software Corporation, diane@ascus.com
        (408) 725-4249


        The archive sites described in the Appendix are the best place
        to look for free or shareware file-transfer programs. Other
        commercial but non-shareware ("payware") products must be
        purchased from a dealer or the company directly.

        Table 3.1.1 summarizes file transfer capabilities of various
        Macintosh telecommunications programs.
        
Programs:   ZT SC MP ST VT VP WK TR PT GT ML MK QV TM TL TY CM 5P MI CL MT PW BN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Protocols |
__________|
XMODEM    | X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X     X     X        X  X  X  X     X
YMODEM    | X  X  X  X  X  X  X                 X     X           X     X     X
ZMODEM    | X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X                 X        X  X  X  X     X
Kermit    | X  X  X  X  X  X  X     X        X  X              X  X     X
QuickB    | X  X  X           !                       X           X
B Plus    | X  X  X                                               X
FTP       |             X  X        X                          X        X   X
TFTP      | .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  X  .  .  .  .   X
rmac/wmac | .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  X  .  .  .  .  .  .  .   .
Flash     | .  .  .  .  .  .  X  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .   .
FT3270    | .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  X  .  .  .  .   .
CTB tools |          X  X  X        X                    X     X     X        X


              !  White Knight supports the QuickB protocol through an
                 FTP-able external RCMD module, NewQuickB.PROC.

                                Table 3.1.1

        
        Table 3.1.2 summarizes the terminal-emulation capabilities of
        various Macintosh telecommunications programs:

Programs:   ZT SC MP ST VT VP WK TR PT GT ML MK QV TM TL TY CM 5P MI CL MT PW BN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Terminals |
__________|
TTY       |    X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X                 X     X  X  X  X   X  X
VT52      |    X  X           X                 X           X     X  X 
VT100     | X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X  X              X  X  X  X   X  X X
VT102     |    X  X  X  X  X  X     X           X           X  X  X  X        X
VT220     |       X     X  X  X     X           X              X  X         X X
VT320     |       X           X     X                          X            *
VT420     | .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  X  .  .   .  .
PC/ANSI   | X  X  X  .  .  .  X  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  X  .   .  . X
IBM3270   |       X                                X        X  X            X
IBM5250   | .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  X  .  .   .  .
Tek 4010  |             X  X           X
Tek 4014  |             X  X           X
Tek 4105/7| .  .  .  .  .  X  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .   .  *
TVI950    |                   X                    X
DG210/211 |             X  X
Prestel   | .  X  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .   .  .
Controls  | X  X  X  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .   .  . X
CTB tools |          X              X                  X   X   X     X        X
Viewpoint | .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .   X  .
Wyse 50   |       X                                                      X
Prism     | .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .   X  .
                                Table 3.1.2

.* optional


        Table 3.1.3 summarizes the scripting capabilities of various
        Macintosh telecommunications programs:

Programs:    ZT SC MP ST VT VP WK TR PT GT ML MK QV TM TL TY CM 5P MI CL MT PW BN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scripting  |
___________|
Recording  |    X  X  X  X  X  X     X                       X                 X
If/Else    |       X  a        X  X  X        X        X        X.     X a
Loops      |       X  a              X        X        X     X  X.     X a
XCMDs      |       X           X  X  X                          X
FileOps    |       X  a        X     X        X              X  X.     X a
Arithmetic |       X  a        X     X        X        X        X.     X a
Variables  | X     X  a        X  X  X        X        X        X.     X a
User Input |       X  a        X  X  X        X              X  X.     X a
Key Remaps |       X              X  X        X              X  X         *  X X
Arrays     |       X  a              !        X        X.               a
Wait/Send  |       X  a  X     X                             X        X.     X X
AppleScript|       X  X                                                        X

                   a  denotes capability is accessible through AppleScript

                                Table 3.1.3

        Note: SITcomm is fully AppleScript-able (all features can be
        controlled through AppleScript). The Frontier Runtime portion
        of the Frontier scripting system is also bundled with SITcomm.

        ! Although PacerTerm does not support arrays per se, it
          does implement HyperTalk's chunk expressions that allow
          any variable to be referred to as a collection of
          characters, items, words, or lines.

.* Allows programmable function keys

        The February, 1993 issue of "MacUser" reviews White Knight,
        MicroPhone II, Smartcom II (for the Macintosh), ZTerm, and
        MacIntercomm. The review is also useful for those new to
        telecommunications in general.

.Note: Black Night is fully Apple Scriptable, Recordable and
.Attachable (all features can be controlled through AppleScript).

.Peter Newton's DialScript 1.7, archived at rascal.ics.utexas.edu,
        is a telecommunications scripting utility useful for automating
        complicated logins and then automatically launching applications
        or startup documents. It's free and the source is available.

        Table 3.1.3 summarizes some additional features of various
        Macintosh telecommunications programs.
        
Programs:   ZT SC MP ST VT VP WK TR PT GT ML MK QV TM TL TY CM 5P MI CL MT PW BN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Feature   |
__________|
PowerMac  |                    X                                      X
Drag&Drop |  X                                                        X        X


...PowerMac  = Power Mac Native
...Drag&Drop = Supports Drag & Drop


                                Table 3.1.3

        
[3.2] What is the latest version of ZTerm? How can I find out more about ZTerm?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

        ZTerm is currently at revision level 1.0b3 (9/94), a public beta.
.Other recent versions are 0.94 and 0.95.

        Two "fake" versions of ZTerm have circulated. Recently (4/93),
        a hacked version called "ZTerm 0.93 XK", based on 0.9, was 
        distributed.

        An older also fake version labelled "ZTerm 1.0" has also been
        seen. Neither versions were released by the author, Dave Alverson.

        For the latest scoop on ZTerm, as well as advice on features, bugs,
        bug fixes, and more, see Leslie Jones' ZTerm FAQ which is posted
        to comp.sys.mac.comm, comp.sys.mac.apps, news.answers, and the
        InfoMac and UMich archives. At present its home FTP site is at
.ftp://usit.net/pub/lesjones/ZTermFAQ-##.txt where ## is the version
.number.


[3.3] What is the Communications Toolbox (CTB)?
-----------------------------------------------

        The Communications Toolbox is a Macintosh operating system
        interface that provides a standard interface for programmers
        writing communications programs. Rather than make calls to
        control the modem serial port, for example, a programmer can
        call an equivalent CTB routine. This allows the operating system
        to manage the serial port(s) just like any other limited
        resource. In addition, specific "tools" that interface with
        modems, provide terminal emulation, or handle file transferring
        can be implemented as external add-on features to CTB-aware
        programs.

        The CTB requires System 6.0.4 or later. The CTB is built into
        System 7. Tools can be added by placing them in the Extensions
        folder; rebooting is not necessary. Under System 6.0.X, CTB
        tools belong in the Communications folder.


[3.4] Are there any shareware or freeware tools that support Kermit,
--------------------------------------------------------------------
        and/or X,Y,Z-MODEM?
.
        Termy 3.2, freeware from Ice Engineering, is one of two CTB-aware
        application that can be obtained via anonymous FTP. Termy has
        no built-in support for any connection methods, file transfer
        protocols, or terminal emulation, so you will need to obtain
        Communication Toolbox tools for each of these.

.WendyComm 2.0 is another CTB-aware application available via
.anonymous FTP.

.Black Night 1.0.0 supports connection, terminal, and file
.transfer tools, and has its own built-in Serial/Modem, ANSI,
.VT100, VT220, XModem, YModem, ZModem, and Smart Paste tools.

.Tim Endres has written and released TGE TCP Tool, a Connection
        Tool for the Communications Toolbox. It provides TELNET and
        transparent TCP connections. The tool is free for personal use.

        Several modem Connection tools are available from the various
        FTP sites. These include the Apple Modem Tool 1.5.4, the Hayes
        Modem Tool 1.02, the CCL Modem Tool 1.0, and the Zoom Modem
        Tool 1.11. After recently releasing his CTB File Transfer tool,
        Kermit Tool GH (which supports MacBinary, RLE compression,
        and other features), Glenn Howes has gone on to release a YMODEM 
        tool.
        
        The Basic Connection Tools Disk is available from
.ftp://ftp.support.apple.com/pub/apple_sw_updates/US/mac/
.n_c/comm_toolbox_tools/comm_toolbox_tools/BCS (1.1.1).hqx.
        You will need DiskCopy or MountImage to decode the image file.
        This disk includes VT102 and TTY terminal tools, XMODEM and Text
        File Transfer tools, and Modem, Serial, and Appletalk
        Connection tools (10/92).

        Advanced Software Concepts has demonstration versions of
        several CTB tools at InfoMac sites in the demo directory.
        Demo versions of a TCP/IP Connection tool, an FTP File Transfer 
        tool, as well as VT420, IBM3270, and IBM5250 Terminal tools
        are being distributed (10/92).

        Stalker Software has a demonstration version of its VideoTex 
        terminal tool at InfoMac sites. Stalker has also released a
        free CEPT Modem Tool, which is equivalent to the CCL Modem Tool
        but also supports the CEPT-1 low-level protocol used by European
        VideoTex systems.

        New free and shareware CTB tools inevitably get posted to Info-
        Mac where they appear in the info-mac/comm directory and also
        to mac.archive.umich.edu in mac/system.extensions/commtoolbox.
        If you give the command "ls *tool*" in these directories
        through an anonymous FTP connection, you can get a list of
        all the free and shareware CTB tools currently available.

.Mark/Space Softworks offers an archive of Apple Modem Tool modem 
.definitions for Supra, Global Village, Promethus, and a few other 
.modem brands, along with a DocMaker guide on how to use them. This 
."Modem Definitions Collection" file can be found at info-mac archives
.as well as at the Mark/Space Softworks anonymous ftp site:
.ftp.netcom.com:pub/ms/mspace.

        There are also a number of available *payware* tools:
       
        o Mark/Space Softworks has developed a ZMODEM CTB tool (along
        with XMODEM and YMODEM tools). A demonstration version of the
        ZMODEM tool is available for anonymous FTP with the restriction
        that uploading is not supported. The demo is available in the
        Communications directory at Info-Mac FTP sites, among other places.

.o MacToPic Plus supports the CommToolBox and can transfer to
.machines using Ethernet, AppleTalk, and TCP/IP networks, as well
.as regular dialup lines. It includes
.XMODEM, YMODEM, ZMODEM, Kermit, and FTP file transfer protocols.
.It can emulate Viewpoint, Wyse 50, VT101, and Prism terminals.
        The emulators support video attributes such as dim, reverse, underline,
        132-column codes, and graphic characters sent from the host computer, 
        as well as enhanced Viewpoint mode. It supports 25 special commands
.that can be sent from the host to the Mac to initiate data transfers,
.and display pictures and QuickTime movies under host control.

        o MicroPhone Pro includes a Telnet tool (along with some FAX
        support software). MicroPhone II does not include the Telnet
        tool, unfortunately.

        o PacerTerm ships with a broad collection of tools, including:
        XMODEM, ZMODEM, Kermit, and FTP file transfer tools; Telnet,
        LAT, ADSP, and serial connection tools; and TTY, VT102, and
        VT320 terminal tools.

        o Seaquest Software has released XMODEM, YMODEM, ZMODEM, and 
.Kermit file transfer tools. 

        o SITcomm ships with a full set of CTB tools; included are XMODEM,
        YMODEM, ZMODEM, and Kermit file transfer tools, as well as TTY and
        VT102 connection tools, and the Apple Modem Tool.
        
        o Versaterm and Versaterm Pro include FTP client and server file
        transfer tools and Telnet, LAT, SLIP, and ADSP connection
        tools.

        o 5PM ships with a Telnet Tool and the Apple Basic Connectivity
        Set (XMODEM, ADSP, serial, modem, TTY, VT102, VT320). Other tools
        are available from Advanced Software Concepts : FTP, VT420,
        IBM3270 and IBM5250.


[3.5] How can I transfer Macintosh files to/from my Macintosh and other
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
        non-Macintosh computers (eg: mainframes, UNIX boxes, PCs)?

        If your telecommunication program supports MacBinary (they
        almost all do), turn MacBinary on. This usually involves
        selecting a menu option or clicking a radio button in a
        'preferences' type dialog box. Then, transfer your file
        normally. Your Macintosh file will be sent as a MacBinary file
        that can be treated as an ordinary binary file.
        
        If your telecommunication program does not support MacBinary,
        get a copy of the MacBinary program and use it to make a
        MacBinary version of your Macintosh file. Then send this
        MacBinary file. Meanwhile, look around at the various shareware
        and commercial telecommunications programs that do support
        Macbinary. See [3.1].
        
        Note: Not all files need to be transferred as MacBinary files.
        In particular, most text and non-Macintosh specific binary files
        (like GIF/JPEG images) do not. See [2.2] for more information.

        To actually "download" a file (eg: transfer it from a remote
        host computer to your Macintosh), you must first instruct the
        remote computer to send the file by issuing a command. For
        example, to download a file from a Unix machine using XMODEM,
        you would first have to give a command similar to:
        
                % sx filename
        
        where 'sx' is the local Unix program to send a file using XMODEM
        and 'filename' is the name of the file you wish to send. Then,
        locally, you must start the file transfer by typically choosing
        a menu option in your terminal program. The process is similar
        for Kermit transfers. Terminal programs that support ZMODEM
        should recognize the start of a ZMODEM download automatically.

        Note: Not all systems are alike. The command to start XMODEM
        may not necessarily be 'sx'; another possibility is 'xmodem'.
        Ask your local system administrator if you cannot find the
        right program; most sites support something. Also, see the
        listing below.

        To upload, first issue the appropriate receive command on the
        remote host computer; then, select the local send option in your
        terminal program. Good ZMODEM packages can start the remote file
        transfer automatically.
        
        If you experience multiple CRC errors when downloading with
        ZMODEM, especially after backgrounding the download, try sending
        your file using a fixed window size, eg: 'sz -w 1024 filename'.
        If errors persist, also try escaping control characters,
        eg: 'sz -ew 1024 filename'. Depending on your setup, you may
        be able to use a larger window size (eg: use 4096 or 2048
        instead of 1024) which can slightly reduce transfer time.
        
        Typical Unix programs that support transfering files via a
        serial (modem) link:
        
        Kermit          XMODEM          YMODEM          ZMODEM
        -------         ------          ------          ------
        kermit          sx              sb              sz
        ckermit         xmodem

        If you are trying to transfer a lot of information between
        a Macintosh and an MS-DOS PC, and your Macintosh has an FDHD
        disk drive (also known as a SuperDrive), using Apple File
        Exchange, or any of the various shareware and payware programs
        that allow you to access (or even mount) MS-DOS formatted 3.5"
        HD diskettes, can greatly speed up the transfering process. 
        Apple File Exchange even provides for automatic translation
        of certain types of files. If you are transfering a lot of
        information between a Macintosh and a Unix system, you can
        use the (free) Macintosh program suntar to read 1.44 MB Unix
        tar floppies.

        Note: On most Sun Microsystems' floppy drives, the appropriate
        formatting command is "fdformat -ev /dev/rfd0c". This will
        verify and eject the disk after formatting. Then use tar to 
        copy files to the device /dev/rfd0c.


[3.6] What's the best compression program to use when uploading files
---------------------------------------------------------------------
        to an archive or BBS? Are there any other guidelines I should
        follow?

        Best Compression: (Revised 10/94)
        ---- -----------

        The shareware program StuffIt Lite ($25) (and its commercial
        sibling, StuffIt Deluxe) are generally regarded as providing 
        the best compression performance of the many Macintosh 
        compression utilities. Both programs also sport a fancy
        user-interface. Registered users of StuffIt Lite can upgrade
        to StuffIt Deluxe for $45, which includes many other compression
        tools that are not directly applicable to telecommunications.

.StuffIt Expander (free) with DropStuff and Expander Enhancer
.($30 shareware) seems to be the most comprehensive package
.currently available for decompressing files. StuffIt Expander
.and Expander Enhancer are currently at version 3.5.1 as of
.10/94.

        The shareware program Compact Pro provides similar compression 
        performance to StuffIt Lite and also has a loyal set of users.
.According to Patrick Hoepfner <hoepfner@haiti.gsfc.nasa.gov>,
."CompactPro does a better job of saving an archive across multiple
.disks, especially if there are files on the disks that you want
.to save."

        Individual preferences differ, so the editor suggests you try
        using both programs (StuffIt Lite, StuffIt Expander with DropStuff,
.Expander Enhancer, and Compact Pro are available
        for FTP at the various archives sites) and choose the one you 
        like best. Note that StuffIt 1.5.1 and Stuffit Classic are 
        *not* the same as, nor as good as, StuffIt Lite 3.0.

        Posting Macintosh Programs: (Revised 4/93)
        ------- --------- --------
        
        You should use either StuffIt Lite, StuffIt Deluxe, or Compact
        Pro to compress Macintosh files you send to anonymous FTP sites
        and BBS's. Do not post PackIt, Disk Doubler, SuperDisk, Zip,
        or any other type of archive (including self-extracting
        archives -- see below). Stuffit Lite 3.0 and Compact Pro
        have evolved as the standard archive formats for posting
        Macintosh files for good reasons.
 
        Regardless of which archiver you use, PLEASE DO NOT MAKE AN
        AN ARCHIVE YOU ARE POSTING SELF-EXTRACTING! The extra code
        added to the file to make it self-extracting is NOT insignificant
        in size. The convenience of self-extracting archives is not worth
        the space they waste at anonymous-FTP sites and BBS's (where
        literally thousands of compressed files are stored). Self-
        extracting archives are useful in other contexts, but should be
        discouraged as a medium for posting to archives. Also, don't
        rely on the archive maintainer having the time to extract your
        self-extracting post and re-archiving it; these volunteers are
        simply too busy to take on this additional burden.
       
        Before you create your archive, set the Finder label of all
        files you plan to include in the archive to 'None'.
 
        Avoid using strange punctuation marks in filenames that you
        will distribute. Characters such as exclamation points, spaces,
        dollar signs, etc, are legal characters in Macintosh filenames
        but can be difficult to work with on non-Macintosh systems
        (where most Macintosh archives are stored). Since BinHex and
        MacBinary store your original Macintosh filename, removing
        strange characters from a BinHex'd or MacBinary'd file before
        distributing will not affect the original filename. As an
        example, MyFile-215.sit is a perfectly acceptable filename.

        After you have created the archive and named it appropriately,
        BinHex encode it (see [2.3]). Edit the resulting text file
        and include a short description of the archive you want to
        distribute, including any system requirements and problems.
        If you include a signature, limit it to a single line.
        
        Finally, upload the text file (if necessary) and e-mail it
        to macgifts@mac.archive.umich.edu. Your subject line should
        specify a suggested name and location for your submission,
        eg:
        
              To: macgifts@mac.archive.umich.edu
              Subject: app/myfile-215.sit.hqx

        Mailing your archive to macgifts automatically submits it
        to the InfoMac archives, mac.archive.umich.edu, and the
        Usenet group comp.binaries.mac. 

.Note: An alternate email address is macgifts@sumex-aim.stanford.edu

        Thanks for complying with these guidelines. 


[3.7] How can I use the programs that are posted to comp.binaries.mac?
----------------------------------------------------------------------

        The files posted to comp.binaries.mac are in BinHex 4.0 format.
        Long files are split into several postings that must be
        concatenated IN THE PROPER ORDER (and usually with headers
        and signatures removed) before converting.

        First, read the man page or other documentation for your
        newsreader. A little time spent here can save you a lot of time
        doing repetitive tedious work later. Find out how to save an
        article to a file.

        Next, save all the posted articles for a given program posted to
        comp.binaries.mac to a single file. Don't combine postings that
        are for different programs, but do save multi-part postings to
        the same file, in increasing order of part number. For example,
        if you are using the UNIX newsreaders 'rn', 'trn', or something
        similar:

        *****  15 unread articles in comp.binaries.mac--read now? [=ynq]
         2761 Great Icon Editor (part 1 of 2)
         2762 Great Icon Editor (part 2 of 2)
         2764 Hypercard Resource Tools
         2765 Idea 1.2 (part 01 of 11)
         2766 Idea 1.2 (part 02 of 11)
         2767 Idea 1.2 (part 03 of 11)
         2768 Idea 1.2 (part 04 of 11)
         2769 Idea 1.2 (part 05 of 11)
         2770 Idea 1.2 (part 06 of 11)
         2771 Idea 1.2 (part 07 of 11)
         2772 Idea 1.2 (part 08 of 11)
         2773 Idea 1.2 (part 09 of 11)
         2774 Idea 1.2 (part 10 of 11)
         2775 Idea 1.2 (part 11 of 11)
        What next? [npq] 2761 s iconeditor.hqx
        2761    Saved to mailbox /u/joe/News/iconeditor.hqx
        What next? [npq] 2762 s iconeditor.hqx
        2762    Saved to mailbox /u/joe/News/iconeditor.hqx
        
        At this point, download the file "iconeditor.hqx" (it will be
        automatically placed in your "News" directory) to your Macintosh
        and use a program like StuffIt Expander, DeHqx, HQXer, or Compact
        Pro to convert the .hqx file to a Macintosh file.

        Warning:  The original BinHex utility, BinHex 4.0, has a bug
        that causes it to crash on large or corrupted .hqx files. It
        also requires you to strip mail-headers off of .hqx files before
        decoding.
        
        The Macintosh file you create may in fact be an archive that you
        then need to unarchive with the appropriate program. See the
        list of file suffixes to determine which program(s) to use.

        Note: You can streamline the process by:
        
        --> using the Unix program 'mcvert' or 'hexbin' (see [6.5]) to
            convert the .hqx file to a MacBinary file on your Unix host.
            Since the .hqx file is usually 30% to 40% larger than the
            MacBinary file, this saves download time. These utilities
            are also smart enough to handle stripping headers and
            signatures, although you must still save the postings in the
            proper order.
                                
        --> using one of the many utilities that exist to reorder
            postings automatically before you convert them from
            BinHex

        --> learning enough about your newsreader program to save more
            than one article at once in a particular order

        --> checking out the programs: StuffIt Expander, DeHqx and HQXer
.
================================================================================
[4] Introduction to AppleTalk (and Apple Remote Access)
=======================================================

[4.1] What kind of hardware do I need to set up an LocalTalk network?
---------------------------------------------------------------------

        Be sure you have read section [5] and understand the difference
        between LocalTalk and PhoneNet. Setting up an AppleTalk network
        based on either LocalTalk or PhoneNet requires purchasing a box
        that connects to your Macintosh's serial (printer) port with the
        appropriate mini DIN-8 or DB-9 connector and provides, in the
        case of LocalTalk, two mini DIN-8 connectors for Apple's
        (expensive) multiwire AppleTalk cables, or, in the case of the
        less expensive PhoneNet, two standard RJ11 (modular telephone)
        jacks. Both boxes look similar to Figure 4.1.1.
        
                        +-----------------+
        to/from <------>|                 |
        rest of         |                 |<-------->  to Macintosh or
        network <------>|                 |                 printer
                        +-----------------+

                                Figure 4.1.1

        Computers and printers should be connected serially; that is,
        chain the devices in any convenient order, with either
        a single AppleTalk cable (LocalTalk network) or telephone
        cable (PhoneNet network) connecting neighboring machines.
        Do *not* connect the ends of a LocalTalk or PhoneNet
        network --- this is not a ring (eg: TokenRing) network.

        It should be noted that Apple is "strongly encouraging"
        new AppleTalk networks to be Ethernet-based.


[4.2] How can I change the Chooser "user" and name of my Macintosh?
-------------------------------------------------------------------
      Also: Why can I no longer change the name of my hard-disk?

        To change the owner and name of your Macintosh under System 7,
        select "Controls Panels" from the Apple Menu and double-click
        on the "Sharing Setup" Control Panel.
        
        The Chooser "user" is the "Owner name:". Change it like any
        standard edit field.
        
        The name of your Macintosh is the "Macintosh name:".
        
        Also on this Control Panel is a button to turn File Sharing
        on and off. When File Sharing is on, you cannot change the
        name of shared disks. If you are trying to change the name
        of your hard disk but cannot get the name to turn into an
        edit field, File Sharing is probably on. Use the Sharing
        Setup Control Panel to turn File Sharing off, change your
        hard disk name, and then turn File Sharing back on (unless
        you have no need for it).

        
[4.3] What is Apple Remote Access ?
---------------------------------------

        Apple Remote Access is a software package that allows you 
        to dial-in to an AppleTalk network (or to create an AppleTalk 
        network between two Macintoshes via dial-up modems) from a 
        remote Macintosh. Remote Access requires at minimum:
        
            o   a Macintosh (possibly connected to an AppleTalk
                network) designated as the host with a dedicated
                high speed modem, or a dial-in server with ARA
                support
        
            o   one or more remote Macintoshes with modems
            
            o   a phone line connecting the host Macintosh with
                the remote Macintosh

            o   copies of the Remote Access software running on the
                designated host as well as on all remote machines 
        
        Once configured, connecting the remote machine to the AppleTalk
        network is as simple as clicking a button. Modem control is
        handled automatically (assuming one of the many included modem
        scripts works with your modem; see [4.4]). Passwords and call-
        back facilities are provided.
        
        Once connected, the remote machine can use the AppleTalk
        network normally. One can print remotely, send messages,
        access remote filesystems, monitor network traffic, etc.

        Throughput, even when using 9600 bps modems, will be
        significantly lower than through a LocalTalk or PhoneNet
        connection; however, except for program launching and file
        copies, the added delay is small.
        
        You CAN use slower 2400 bps modems, but you will probably not
        enjoy the experience.

        The University of Melbourne has developed a useful but not
        well known package known as ARNS, or A Remote Network Server.
        ARNS allows remote clients to use network services such as 
        printing and file sharing. The server can run on either a UNIX
.or a Macintosh host; clients connect through an IP interface 
.(e.g. MacTCP, CAP). With ARNS, it is possible to use a dial-up 
.SLIP account to tunnel into an existing UNIX based AppleTalk 
.network. Servers for UNIX and MacOS can be found by anonymous
.FTP from munnari.oz.au in directory mac.


[4.4] Where can I get a Remote Access script for my modem? 
----------------------------------------------------------

        If none of the (many) included modem scripts work with your
        modem, try:
        
            o   searching the InfoMac archives for a script for your
                modem; several scripts have been posted recently
        
.    o   searching the database of Remote Access scripts maintained
..by Apple. Use ARA to dial (512) 908-8118, and log on as
..guest

            o   making a copy of the script that works best with
                your modem (the scripts are in the Extensions Folder
                which is in the Systems Folder), opening it up with
                a text editor, and experimenting; this assumes you
                have a copy of your modem's manual and know the
                basics about the Hayes command set. If you are
                succesful, post your script so others can benefit!


[4.5] How can I use Apple Remote Access Client 2.0 as an ARA server?
--------------------------------------------------------------------

ARA Client 1.0 can act as a server, but ARA Client 2.0 cannot. Moreover,
ARA 1.0 will not work with System 7.5. This has left those ARA 1.0 users 
who have upgraded to System 7.5 and purchased ARA Client 2.0 unable to
continue to use their machine as an ARA server.

You can, however, make ARA Client 2.0 act as a server by following
these steps:

(1) Replace the ARA 2.0 Remote Access Setup control panel
.and the ARA 2.0 Remote Access Client extension with the
.ARA 1.0 Remote Access Setup control panel and the ARA 1.0
.Remote Access Client extension, respectively.
.(2) Select the "Answer Calls" checkbox from the ARA 2.0
.Remote Access Setup control panel.

Now your System 7.5 Mac will answer and negotiate connections just
as it did under earlier versions of MacOS.


[4.6] How are IP packets transmitted over a LocalTalk network?
---------------------------------------------------------------

.A Mac on a LocalTalk network, if that network only uses the
AppleTalk protocol, does not send and receieve IP packets. Instead,
it uses DDP (AppleTalk) packets. If the Mac is attempting
to use an AppleTalk service (for example, AppleShare file
sharing), then it will speak DDP to the Mac serving as the AppleShare
server, and that server will talk back to the Mac in DDP. All is well;
only one protocol is used.

.If, on the other hand, the LocalTalk-connected Mac wants to
use IP services (for example, telnet or ftp), it must first
encapsulate its IP packets in DDP packets, and then pass those DDP
packets over the network. This encapsulation is done by MacTCP. At some
point these DDP packets must be converted into IP packets (esentially
by stripping off their AppleTalk headers) if they are to be sent over
an IP network such as the Internet. This translation is done by a
DDP-IP gateway (sometimes called a MacIP server). This DDP-IP gatway
is connected on one side to the AppleTalk network (here we use the
term "AppleTalk" because the protocol being used is AppleTalk; the
network may be a LocalTalk network, but need not be), and on the other
side to an IP network (which is eventually connected to the Internet,
we assume). In addition to converting DDP packets into IP packets, the
DDP-IP gateway converts IP packets destined to AppleTalk nodes on its
network into DDP packets. Of course, MacTCP on your Mac must decapsulate
the DDP packet and extract the IP packet, which is then passed to the
IP application (telnet, ftp, etc.) running on your Mac. The process
looks something like this:

.I
.n
.t  IP  -----------   DDP    -------------  IP  ---------------
.e------| DDP-IP  |----------| MacTCP on |------| your IP     |
.r      | Gateway | Apple-   | your Mac  |      | application |
.n      ----------- Talk.    -------------      ---------------
.e..   Network...(telnet, ftp, ...)
.t

.Therefore, to use IP services on a Mac connected to a
LocalTalk network, you must use the MacTCP control panel to select a
link icon which support MacIP service (e.g. LocalTalk, EtherTalk, or
Remote Only). A pop-up menu will be added below the link icon, listing
all the zones on the AppleTalk network to which you are currently attached.
There you choose the zone in which your DDP-IP Gateway resides.
You must also configure the MacTCP IP information your Mac
appropriately. "Appropriately" means that if the DDP-IP gateway assigns
a different IP address each time IP services are requested of it, you 
must select "server" addressing. If the DDP-IP gateway assigns
fixed IP addresses (i.e. each node on the AppleTalk network
has its own permanent IP address) then you should select "manual"
addressing and enter your proper IP address. You must also fill in the
Domain Name Server information as it pertains to your site. Note that
you do not have to bother with setting the default IP gateway or
subnet mask, since your Mac doesn't need to know this; it will be
sending ALL its IP traffic to the DDP-IP gateway; that gateway knows
about IP routes and subnet masks, and it handles the routing of the
packets.

.In summary, the equipment you need in order to get IP services on
your LocalTalk-connected Mac are MacTCP on the Mac and a DDP-IP gateway
(which may be hardware such as a Shiva FastPath, a compatible Cisco
router, or a Cayman Gatorbox; or software, such as Apple's "Apple IP
Gateway"). The Apple IP Gateway program runs on a Macintosh and allows 
any Ethernet-connected Mac to serve as a DDP/IP Gateway. The Apple IP 
Gateway software can also concurrently run with ARA server, or the 
AppleTalk Internet Router software.

NOTE: These days, most networked Macs are on an Ethernet network. In
this case, the transport medium is Ethernet, not LocalTalk, and the
AppleTalk packets are encapsulated in Ethernet packets before being
sent out over the Ethernet. Therefore, the DDP-IP gateway takes
Ethernet packets off the Ethernet, extracts the DDP packets,
then extracts the IP Packet, and then sends that IP packet off onto
the Internet. Likewise, the DDP-IP gateway takes IP packets destined
to nodes in its LAN off the Internet, encapsulates them in DDP,
then encapsulates them in the appropriate Ethernet headers, and then 
puts them onto the Ethernet. The DDP-IP gateway can also facilitate
communication between DDP Macs and IP hosts (UNIX workstations, for
example) on the same Ethernet through an analogous conversion process.


[4.7] How can I use Apple Remote Access to access the Internet via my
.Mac at work?
---------------------------------------------------------------------

.First, if you have not read [4.6], then read it now. You must
understand [4.6] in order to understand the answer to this question.

.The Apple Remote Access connection between your Mac at home and
your Mac at work is, in effect, a LocalTalk network; therefore, AppleTalk,
and not IP, is the protocol used over this line. 

.The remote (ARA) Mac is the same as the networked Mac in [4.6]. It
must be running a properly-configured MacTCP as well as the ARA client
software. Your Mac at work is not the same as the Mac in [4.6];
it needs to be running the ARA Personal Server software, but does NOT
need to be running MacTCP, since the packets it will receieve over the
telephone line are DDP packets (with IP encapsulated inside) and it
merely needs to pass these packets on to the DDP-IP gateway. The Chooser
on the remote (ARA) Mac must select the the DDP-IP gateway. The Chooser
on the office Mac does not require any particular setting.

.Once this is done, you will be able to use IP services from
your Mac at home. If you want to receieve IP services for your Mac at
work, simply install MacTCP on that Mac and configure MacTCP as you
configured MacTCP on the Mac at home (this is described in [4.6]).

.The situation here looks something like this:

I
n  IP -----------  DDP ----------------           --------------
t-----| DDP-IP  |------| ARA Personal |    DDP.  | ARA client |
e     | Gateway |  ^   | Server on    |-----------| on Mac at  |
r     -----------  |   | Mac at work  | telephone |   home     |
n..   |    ----------------  line    --------------
e..AppleTalk....| 
t.. network....| DDP
.......|
......  ---------------
......  | MacTCP on   |
......  | Mac at home |
......  ---------------
.......|
.......|  IP
.......|
......  ------------------
......  | IP application |
......  | on Mac at home |
......  ------------------
......  (telnet, ftp, ...)

Again, we note that your Mac at work can be connected to an Ethernet
network instead of a LocalTalk network. In this case, your office
Mac's IP packets are encapsulated in DDP and then encpauslated in
Ethernet headers before being sent over the network (and, when receiving,
the opposite takes place). [The office LAN is labeled "AppleTalk network"
in the above diagram.]

Note: There must only be one DDP-IP gateway per AppleTalk zone. Use of
more than one DDP-IP gateway in a single AppleTalk zone may result in
all gateways in that zone ceasing to function. Therefore, if you are
thinking of running the Apple IP Gateway software (mentioned in the
previous question) on your own computer, be sure to check first with your 
local AppleTalk network administrator to avoid interfering with any DDP-IP
gateway which might already exist in your zone.

.Thus, to connect your Mac at home to the Internet via your
Mac at work, you need the following hardware and software
.o a modem on your Mac at home  (at least 9600 bps modem is
.o a modem on your Mac at work..highly recommended here!)
.o Apple Remote Access client software on your Mac at home
.o Apple Remote Access Personal Server software on your Mac at
..work
.o MacTCP on your Mac at home
.o Your office Mac must be connected to an AppleTalk network
..which contains a DDP-IP gateway, and that gatway
..must have a path to the Internet

[4.8] How can I use the services of my EtherTalk network and print
.to my LocalTalk-only printer at the same time?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

By default, Macs can only use AppleTalk for communication through one 
network interface at a time. This means that without special hardware
or software, if you are connected to an EtherTalk network through your
Ethernet port/card and are also connected to a LocalTalk-only printer
through your LocalTalk port, you cannot use the EtherTalk network services
and print to your LocalTalk printer simultaneously. (EtherTalk is
AppleTalk datagrams encapsulated in Ethernet packets running on Ethernet 
wiring, and LocalTalk wiring in this scenario is used to communicate with 
your printer using AppleTalk datagrams; hence to use both services
simultaneously you would need to be communicating out of two network
interfaces using AppleTalk simultaneously.) You tell your Mac
which interface you want to use by selecting either EtherTalk or
LocalTalk from the Network Control Panel.

As Ethernet wiring becomes increasingly popular for transporting
AppleTalk datagrams, many people want to share files or print over their
EtherTalk network without losing simultaneous access to their LocalTalk-
connected printer. A number of solutions exist to solve this problem.

The simplest solution is to use software on your Mac which allows your
Mac to speak a subset of AppleTalk through its LocalTalk port, while
it continues to use the Ethernet port for the majority of its
AppleTalk traffic. These products typically only support printing, and
often to just one device. They allow your Mac to see that printer, but
no other Mac on the network can see the printer. Two products in this
category are Sonic System's PowerBridge 3.0 and the Apple LaserWriter
Bridge. Apple LaserWriter Bridge 2.0 is bundled free with Apple's Network
Installer 1.5 (due first quarter 1995).

If you want to share your LocalTalk printer with other Macs on your
EtherTalk network, you need true bridging software. This turns your Mac
into a LocalTalk/Ethernet bridge, passing AppleTalk packets between
the two interfaces. This allows users of the EtherTalk network to see
and use your LocalTalk printer if your Mac is turned on and working
properly. Such bridging software might also support services beyond
printing, allowing Macs on your EtherTalk network to see any LocalTalk
devices connected to the bridging Mac (including any Macs on a LocalTalk
network connected to the bridging Mac). It typically does not provide a
MacIP server (to encapsulate and decapsulate TCP/IP). Three products in
this category are Farallon PowerPath, Farallon LocalPath, and Apple 
LocalTalk Bridge 1.0 (the last item is not available yet.)

For faster and possibly more reliable service than software bridging,
you need a LocalTalk/Ethernet hardware bridge. This bridge performs
the same service as the software bridge described the above paragraph,
passing AppleTalk packets between its Ethernet and LocalTalk interfaces.
It allows Macs on the EtherTalk network to see and use any LocalTalk devices
attached to the LocalTalk network connected to the bridge. It typically
does not provide a MacIP server. Hardware devices in this category include
Dayna EtherPrint, Sonic MicroPrint, Asante AsantePrint, Farallon EtherWave
MultiPrinter Adapter, and Farallon EtherWave LocalTalk Printer Adapter.

The final option is a LocalTalk/Ethernet router, which routes packets
between a LocalTalk network and an Ethernet network, and converts packets
between EtherTalk and plain AppleTalk as needed. A product in this
category is the Shiva FastPath.


[4.9] Is it possible to use AppleTalk over a TCP/IP network?
------------------------------------------------------------

Yes, you can use AppleTalk over a TCP/IP network by encapsulating
AppleTalk in IP.  You need special software on your Mac to do this;
essentially it is just providing AppleTalk with yet another link
access protocol.  But since any of the AppleTalk devices you want to
talk to on your network aren't going to speak AppleTalk in IP, you
need a gateway somewhere on the IP network that will receive
your AppleTalk-in-IP packets, decapsulate them, and then put your
AppleTalk packets back out on the network.  And it must do the
reverse, of course, for AppleTalk packets on their way to you.
(Formally, this is known as IPTalk or UDPTalk, or tunnelling AppleTalk
over IP.  Some sites do this because they have chosen not to permit
AppleTalk itself as a protocol on their network.)

There are one or more implementations of Mac IPTalk clients and UNIX
IPTalk gateways available from the usual ftp sites. Two places to
look are ftp://ftp.shiva.com/unsupported/iptalk/iptalk.sit.hqx and
ftp://pop.lbl.gov/lblnet/{IPTalk,IPTalkDoc}.sea.hqx

Another approach, which has the same goal but in fact is done quite
differently, is ARNS.  It too, is an approach involving encapsulating
AppleTalk in something else (*not* IP;  they use their own approach).
There's a Mac ARNS client that will encapsulate AppleTalk into a
datastream that is unwrapped by a UNIX ARNS program that you run from
a UNIX shell after logging into a UNIX system; it passes the data
to a daemon running on the same (or other) UNIX system or Mac system
(via IP), which then does that actually gatewaying of the AppleTalk on
to the Ethernet.  There's also a Mac ARNS client that will work over a
PPP link, and one that will work with ARA.  The various ARNS clients
and servers are available from the usual ftp sites.

If you are accessing a TCP/IP network via PPP dialup, and you have a
PPP server which supports PPP/AppleTalk, then you don't need to encapsulate
your AppleTalk packets in IP. The PPP protocol is itself designed to 
transport different protocols, including IP and Appletalk. You must, however,
not only be dialing into a PPP server which supports PPP/AppleTalk, but you 
also must be using a PPP/AppleTalk-capable LAP driver. MacPPP is not 
PPP/AppleTalk-capable. The InterCon/Tribe/Pacer PPP drivers are the only 
available PPP LAP clients which will handle PPP/AppleTalk.

