Subject: soc.culture.china FAQ(3)--Internet
Date: 2 Apr 1996 16:48:12 GMT
Summary: This posting contains a list of frequently-asked-questions
         (and their answers) about the newsgroup "soc.culture.china".
         The third part covers the issue of the Internet in China 
         and is written by Tung-chiang Yang <tcyang@ee.ucla.edu>, 
         with contribution assistance from Zhan Su and Mark Swofford 
         <mswofford@aardvark.ucs.uoknor.edu>.

Posting-Frequency: approximately biweekly
Last-modified: 1996/01/16

__________________________________________________________________
INTERNET IN CHINA
  written by Tung-chiang Yang <tcyang@seas.ucla.edu>
  with contribution and assistance from Zhan Su <raysu@hphkae0.hkg.hp.com>
__________________________________________________________________ 
For comments and suggestions, please send your ideas to the first
author or to

   scc-faq@saavik.cem.msu.edu
__________________________________________________________________

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 I. 1    Are there any World Wide Web pages for China?
 I. 2    Are there any FTP sites in China?
 I. 3    Are there any archie servers in China?
 I. 4    Are there any gopher servers in China?
 I. 5    Where can I access the Internet in China?
 I. 6    My friend has such and such an E-mail address.  Where is he?
 I. 7    How can I read China's local Usenet newsgroups?
 I. 8    How can I read Usenet newsgroups which my newsserver does not
         carry?
 I. 9    Are there any active BBS's in Mainland China?
 I. 10   How can I send E-mail or post to the Usenet anonymously?

-----------------------------------------------


I. 1    Are there any World Wide Web pages for China?

Yes, there are some.  You may try the URL at

    http://www.cernet.edu.cn/cernet/cchina.html

It provides some basic statistics for the People's Republic of 
China, and some links to other universities in China.

The homepages for some universities and institutes are also worth 
visiting.  Their URL's are at

    http://www.buct.edu.cn/     Beijing Univ. of Chemical Technology
    http://panda.ioz.ac.cn/     Institute of Zoology
    http://www.nankai.edu.cn/   Nankai Univ., Tianjin
    http://www.pku.edu.cn/      Peking (Beijing) University
    http://www.tju.edu.cn/      Tianjin University ( formerly known as
                                Peiyang University )
    http://www.cernet.edu.cn/tsinghua/
                                Tsinghua (Qinghua) University

Some Peking University alumni also maintain two WWW pages in the 
U.S.;  another page in Europe may join later.  Their URL's are at

        http://www.fiu.edu/~zyang01/pku/pku.html
and     http://www.freepress.com/pku/

The first one (in the Eastern U.S.) is maintained by Zhong Yang, 
"yangz@fiu.edu" and the second one (in the Western U.S.) is 
maintained by Michael Yee, "myee@best.com".

The homepage for ChinaNet, a somewhat technically oriented network, 
is based at

        http://www.cnc.ac.cn

It describes some facts about "The National Computing/Networking 
Facility of China" (NCFC), a project supported by the World Bank.

If you are interested in knowing China from an American viewpoint, 
try the WWW page for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA):

        http://www.odci.gov/cia

and, while there, choose "China" under the entries "Publications" and
"The World Factbook 1995".  You can directly go to 
the CIA file about China by

        http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/ch.html

Hongkong will be handed over from Britain to the People's Republic 
of China in 1997.  The newsgroups "soc.culture.hongkong" and 
"soc.culture.hongkong.entertainment" may give you a taste of Hong 
Kong today.  Currently the official WWW site for the Hong Kong 
government is at

        http://www.hongkong.org

Macau is currently under Portuguese administration.  The official URL 
for Macau is at

        http://www.macau.net

which also includes a pointer to the homepage for the Zhuhai Special 
Economic Zone.

For news information, you can try the URL for the China News Agency, 
which is at

        http://www.chinanews.com/

where you can read both English and Chinese news (a Chinese environment
is required).  You will need to provide an account name and a password
to access news here.  On the other hand, now People's Daily is also
online at

     http://www.egis.com

though a Chinese environment will be needed.  Guangzhou Daily is also
available via Guangdong Posts and Telecommunication Agency at

     http://www.gz.gdpta.net.cn/gzdaily/gzdayl.html

and it requires the Chinese environment.

You might also try the WWW page at

        http://www.mordor.com/pei/china.html

with the title "China the Beautiful", where you can find some
information about the traditional side of China, like writings of
Confucius, Tang poetry and other art issues.  You do not need a
Chinese environment to visit this site, but some of its contents still
require a Big5 or GB environment.

Some graduates from Zhejiang University and Fudan University established
a Web page at

     http://www.cyberway-to-china.com/,

which is also worth visiting.  This page includes some hotel listings,
business on-line resources, and some interesting links to other sites for
provincial maps, classical poems and paintings, etc.

For more information regarding WWW, subscribe to the newsgroups
"comp.infosystems.www.misc" and "comp.infosystems.www.announce".


I. 2    Are there any FTP sites in China?

The ftp server for NCFC is located at the URL

        ftp://ftp.cnc.ac.cn

It covers the information about NCFC and ChinaNet.

The ftp server for CERNET is at the URL

        ftp://ftp.cernet.edu.cn

It seems to be under construction just now and more things are
being added.

You can find some interesting software, like "talk" in Chinese, at
the ftp servers in Beijing and Shanghai:

        ftp://info.bta.net.cn/pub/software
and     ftp://info.sta.net.cn/pub

The ftp server at Tsinghua University is now set up at:

     ftp://ftp.net.tsinghua.edu.cn

You can share something you created with others by putting them in
the directory "/incoming".  Please remember to send an E-mail to
"hzr@net.tsinghua.edu.cn" for a description of your package and not
to infringe the copyrights of the commercial softwares.

"ftp.ifcss.org" is not located in Mainland China, but it provides a
lot of useful information (like immigration) and Chinese software.
You can try the URL at

      ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub

and have a tour there.  It is also mirrored at "ftp://ftp.cnd.org/" and
"ftp://nctuccca.edu.tw/".

The FTP site for China News Digest, "ftp.cnd.org", keeps some information
regarding back issues of CINET-L ( Chinese Internet Tech Forum non-public
discussion list ), and CND's Chinese Magazine.  You can go to
the directory "/pub/cinet" to fetch them.


I. 3    Are there any archie servers in China?

There does not seem to be a server explicitly reserved for archie in 
China.  However, you can make use of the "Archie Request Form" at

        http://www.cernic.net/INFO/archie

to start your archie search.  In the form there is a field with 
which you can select the archie server you want to use, which should 
be close to your site in the network sense for best performance.


I. 4    Are there any gopher servers in China?

You can try the gopher server at

        gopher.cnc.ac.cn

It contains information about NCFC and libraries.  On the other 
hand, the server

        gopher.ncic1.ac.cn

includes some introductory information about NCIC.  Accessing this 
gopher server requires some GB encoding software, and it seems that 
this site is not yet well built.

The gopher server at CERNIC (in Tsinghua University) might be the 
master server in China. Its URL is at

        gopher://gopher.cernic.net

It registers all the open gopher servers connected to CERNET in
China.

Peking University also set up a gopher server, which is located at

     gopher://gopher.pku.edu.cn:70/11/

It includes a phonebook directory for PKU and also some Usenet FAQ
documents which might be convenient for people in China.


I. 5    Where can I access the Internet in China?

In addition to the the academic and educational sites, there are
some Internet connection service providers in China.  Below is a
partial list of these providers:

ChinaNet:

      Cost: 
            Basic Rate:        600 RMB for 40 hours/month 
                            or 100 RMB for 6 hours/month (optional)
            Extended Rate:     20 RMB/hour
            Weekend Rate:      10 RMB/hour for legal holidays, 
                               weekends, and 21:00-07:00 for weekdays.
            Communication Fee: 300 RMB (prepaid)
            Installation Fee:  200 RMB (optional)

      Information:  
            Marketing Department of Beijing Telecom Bureau 
            (phone no. 010-601-0861).  In Shanghai you can try the phone
         no. 021-3271014.

      Services: 
            mail:   public.bta.net.cn (202.96.0.97)
            ftp:    ftp.bta.net.cn (202.96.0.124)
                    (also aliased as info.bta.net.cn)
            www:    www.bta.net.cn (202.96.0.124)
                    (also aliased as info.bta.net.cn)
            gopher: gopher.bta.net.cn (202.96.0.124)
                    (also aliased as info.bta.net.cn)
            news:   news.bta.net.cn (202.96.0.124)
                    (also aliased as info.bta.net.cn)

        This news server carries about 1080 newsgroups as of June,
        1995. (You might also try replacing all "bta" above with 
        "spt".)

The Web page "http://www.bta.net.cn/what_new.html" includes some 
information about account applications.

GDNet:

      Information:
         Guangdong Post and Telecommunications Agency ( GDPTA )
         under the Post and Telecommunications Administration.
         (phone no. (20)730-2420, 730-1043 for Guangdong Digital
         Communications Agency)

         You can also go to http://www.gz.gdpta.net.cn/ for
         information.  An English version is available at
         http://www.gz.gdpta.net.cn/Eng

      Services:
         E-mail, Usenet news, telnet, ftp, gopher and WWW browsing,
         and archie/WAIS searching.

China-On-Line E-mail Service

      Cost:
         Initiation Fee:   4800 RMB for corporations
                     1200 RMB for individual users
                     Both initiation fees include softwares,
                     installation and training
         Monthly Flat Fee: 1200 RMB unlimited access time for
                                corporations
                     350 RMB unlimited access time for
                     individual users on weekends and
                     18:00-08:00 on weekdays

      Features:
            * Local access to our service in Beijing, China; access from
           other cities of China can be done with very cheap domestic
           long distance call.
            * User friendly E-mail software which allows user to access
           E-mail offline ( without holding up user's telephone line
           for too long ).
            * 5 days per week technical and customer support.
         * Focus on Internet E-mail service only (no other Internet 
           services such as FTP, Gopher, home page, WWW) to minimize 
           the chance of user getting busy tone when dialing in.

      Information:
         China-On-Line Communication Ltd.  Tel: 86-10-8498603 and
         Fax: 86-10-8498603.  You can also send an E-mail to
         "info@chinaonline.com.cn.net" for further information.

Great Trend Internet Services:

      Information:
         You can send an E-mail to "zhaoe@shell.cninfo.co.cn" for
         information about application for regular user accounts.
         You can also visit "http://www.cninfo.co.cn/" for other
         related information.

If you just want to open an E-mail account in Mainland China, you can
contact

   CNC             Ms. Xiqiong Zhang           zxq@ns.cnc.ac.cn
   IHEP            Ms. Xiao-guang Wang         86-10-255-4324
                   or Ms. Ge-tao Li            86-10-256-1604
   SICCUIN         Ms. Huang                   86-10-809-3033
                                               Fax: +809-3045
   FUDAN           Mr. Liangyao Chen           86-21-534-7577
   DDN             officials in the Bureau     86-10-201-2994
   CEIC            no specific person          86-10-822-1972
   CHINAPAC        no specific person          86-10-601-0861

In the Shanghai region you can send an E-mail to CHEN, Liang-yao at
"lychen@fudan.ihep.ac.cn" or call him at (86)21-534-7577 for accounts
with E-mail access.  Other Internet services might be added soon.


I. 6    My friend has such and such an E-mail address.  Where is he?

The top-level domain name for addresses in China is "cn". However, 
the secondary level domain is somewhat different from those used in 
the USA.  A brief listing is as follows:

       ac.cn    Academic Community ( Academy of Science )
       edu.cn   EDUcational sites (universities)
       go.cn    GOvernmental departments
       co.cn    COmmercial sites (COmpanies)
       or.cn    ORganizations
       bj.cn    BeiJing
       sh.cn    ShangHai
       .....    .....

Some Internet Service Providers (ISP), especially those from the 
U.S., might offer accounts which do not use the "cn" convention.

Some sites, especially educational sites, are listed below.

   xxx.ac.cn:
       cc
       cnc      Chinese Network Center
       cncodata Chinese National Committee for CODATA
       csdi     (to be resolved)
       ia       Institute of Automation
       icm      Institute for Chemical Metallurgy
       ihep     Institute of Higher Energy Physics
       im       Institute of Microbiology
       ioa      Institute of Acoustics
       ioz      Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science
       kw       Keh Wang ( Scientific Net )
       math     Institute of Mathematics
       ncicl    National Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems
       sti      Institute of Science and Technology Information of China
       ustc     University of Science and Technology of China

   xxx.edu.cn:
       bit      Beijing Institute of Technology
       bjpu     Beijing Polytechnical University
       bnu      Beijing Normal University
       buaa     Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
       buct     Beijing University of Chemical Technology
       bupt     Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
       ccnu     Central China Normal University
       cdnet    Chengdu Southwestern China Regional Network Center
       cernet   Cernet
       chisa    China Scholars Abroad ( magazine )
       cpu      (to be resolved)
       csru     Changsha Railway University
       csut     Central South University of Technology ( Hunan )
       cumt     China University of Mining Technology
       dgut     Dongguan University of Technology
       dlut     Dalian University of Technology
       ecnu     East China Normal University
       ecsi     East China Shipbuilding Institute
       ecust    East China University of Science and Technology
       fsu      Foshan University ( Guangdong )
       fspu     Fushun Petrol University
       fudan    Fudan University
       fusu     Fushan University ( Guangdong )
       fzu      Fuzhou University
       gdcc     Guangdong Commercial College
       gdut     Guangdong University of Technology
       geiu     Guilin Electronic Industry University
       gspi     Gansu Polytechnical Institute
       gxnu     Guangxi Normal University
       gxu      Guangxi University
       gznet    Southern China Regional Network Center
       gznu     Guangzhou Normal University
       gzu      Guangzhou University
       hebu     Hebei University
       henu     Henan University
       heu      Harbin Engineering University
       hfut     Hefei University of Technology ( Anhui )
       hit      Harbin Institute of Technology
       hnnu     Hainan Normal University
       hnu      Hunan University
       hrbust   Harbin University of Science and Technology
       hust     Huazhong University of Science and Technology ( Wuhan ) 
       hzu      Hangzhou University
       jlu      Jilin University
       jnu      Jinan University ( Guangdong )
       just     Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
       jut      Jilin University of Technology
       lnu      Liaoning University
       lzu      Lanzhou University
       nankai   Nankai University (Tianjin)
       nau      Nanjing Agricultural University
       ncu      Nanchang University
       neau     Northeast Agricultural University
       net      CERNET
       neu      Northeastern University (Shenyang)
       njau     Nanjing Agriculture University
       njfu     Nanjing Forest University
       njim     Nanjing Institute of Metrology
       njmu     Nanjing Medical University
       njnet    Eastern China ( North ) Regional Network Center
       njnu     Nanjing Normal University
       njtu     North Jiaotong University
       nju      Nanjing University
       nuaa     Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
       nuct     Nanjing University of Chemical Technology
       nudt     National University of Defense Technology ( Hunan )
       nust     Nanjing University of Science and Technology
       nutcm    Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
       nwau     Northwest Agricultural University ( Xian ) 
       nwpu     Northwest Polytechnical University ( Xian )
       nwu      Northwest University ( Shaanxi )
       nxu      Ningxia University
       nxpi     Ningxia Polytechnical Institute
       pku      Peking University 
       qhu      Qinghai University
       qhnu     Qinghai Normal University
       sacei    Shandong Architectural and Civil Engineering Institute
       scau     South China Agriculture University
       scnu     South China Normal University
       scut     South China University of Technology ( Guangzhou )
       scuu     United University of Sichuan
       seu      Southeast University (Nanjing)
       shmu     Shanghai Medical University
       shnet    Eastern China ( South ) Regional Network Center
       shsmu    Shanghai Second Medical University
       shu      Shanghai University
       sjtu     Shanghai Jiaotong University
       stu      Shantou University
       sxtu     Shaanxi Teachers University
       syit     Shenyang Institute of Technology
       synet    Northeastern Regional Network Center
       szu_js   Suzhou University ( Jiangsu )
       szu_gd   Shenzhen University ( Guangdong )
       tjmu     Tianjin Medical University
       tju      Tianjin University
       tsinghua Tsing Hua University
       tyut     Taiyuan University of Technology
       uestc    University of Electronic Science and Technology in China
          ( Sichuan )
       whapu    Wuhan Automobile Polytechnical University
       whnet    Central China Regional Network Center
       whtusm   Wuhan Technology University of Survey and Mapping
       whu      Wuhan University
       wut      Wuhan University of Technology
       wxu      Wuxi University of Light Industry
       xaili    Xi'an Institute of Light Industry
       xamu     Xi'an Medical University
       xanet    Northwestern Regional Network Center
       xauat    Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
       xdu      Xidian University ( Xian )
       xhu      Xian Highway University
       xipt     Xian Institute of Post and Telecommunications
       xit      Xi'an Institute of Technology
       xjtu     Xi'an Jiaotong University
       xju      Xinjiang University
       xmu      Xiamen University
       xpi      Xi'an Petroleum Institute
       xut      Xian University of Technology
       ynift    Yunnan Institute of Financial and Trade
       ynnu     Yunnan Normal University
       ynpu     Yunnan Polytechnical University
       ynu      Yunnan University
       yzu      Yangzhou University
       zju      Zhejiang University
       zsu      Zhongshan University ( Guangdong )
       zzu      Zhengzhou University

   xxx.go.cn:
       ceic     Information Center of Ministry of Electronics Industry

   xxx.net.cn:
       bta      Beijing Telecommunications Administration
       canet.cn Institute of Computer Application
       cernic.net 
       gdpta    Guangdong Posts and Telecommunications Administration
       sta      Shanghai Posts and Telecommunications Administration
       szptt    Shenzhen Posts and Telecommunications Bureau,
          Digital Communications Services
       tjvan    Tianjin Xiandao Informations and Networks Company
       zjpta    Zhejiang Posts and Telecommunications Administration

   xxx.or.cn:
       cnd.org  China News Digest


I. 7    How can I read China's local Usenet newsgroups?

You can try to connect your newsreader program (such as "tin") to 
the following newsservers to read local Usenet newsgroups in China. 
However, please remember that the Internet connection across the 
Pacific may be slow at times.  Listed below are a few of them:

   news.ac.cn (osf.cnc.ac.cn, 159.226.2.8)
        This is a newsserver which is fed from Sesquinet in 
        Houston, Texas every 5 minutes.  Currently it carries 
        around 2000 newsgroups.

   news.cernet.edu.cn (beijing3.cernet.edu.cn, 166.111.250.3)
        This is a newsserver based in Cernet (China Education and
        Research Network).

   news.bta.net.cn (info.bta.net.cn, 202.96.0.124)
        This is a newsserver based in ChinaNet.

   news.net.edu.cn (beijing3.net.edu.cn, 166.111.250.3)
   news.pku.edu.cn (sunrise.pku.edu.cn, 202.112.7.11)

All of the above newsservers refuse connections from the University 
of California, Los Angeles and they may only be available to some 
local (in China) users.

The following news servers are found to be open to the public for testings
from University of California, Los Angeles ( except that for njnet ):

   news.gznet.edu.cn ( pineapple.gznet.edu.cn, 202.112.17.34 )
   news.njnet.edu.cn ( willow.njnet.edu.cn, 202.112.23.161 )
   news.shnet.edu.cn ( jupiter.shnet.edu.cn, 202.112.26.39 )
   news.synet.edu.cn ( Taurus.synet.edu.cn, 202.112.29.88 )
   news.whnet.edu.cn ( s1000e.whnet.edu.cn, 202.112.20.3 )
   news.xanet.edu.cn ( netsvr.xanet.edu.cn, 202.112.11.140 )
     The above newsservers carry newsgroups mostly in "comp.xxxx" and
     "sci.xxxx" hierarchies, especially for the former.  SCC and TPC
     are not carried for the testing on 01/16/96.


I. 8  How can I read Usenet newsgroups which my newsserver does not carry? 

If you are in Mainland China and you are interested in some groups 
which newsservers in Mainland China do not carry, you can try to 
connect your news reader to some newsservers outside the Mainland by 
setting the environmental variable "NNTPSERVER" to them and read 
news directly there.

You can try "fconvx.ncifcrf.gov", "newsserver.technet.sg" and
"news.ifcss.org" as your NNTPSERVER.  On the other hand, there are also
some open news servers in Taiwan.  Read the FAQ for "soc.culture.taiwan",
Internet part for details.

Some of the newsservers are for reading only while some others
also enable you to post.


I. 9  Are there any active BBS's in Mainland China?

Listed below are the active BBS' in Mainland China as far as we know:

"bbs.ncic1.ac.cn", "159.226.43.26" aliased as "jet.ncic1.ac.cn" and
   "blue.ncic.ac.cn",
"bbs.net.tsinghua.edu.cn", "166.111.1.11" aliased as
   "captain.net.tsinghua.edu.cn",
"bbs.xanet.edu.cn", "202.112.11.132" aliased as "netmgr.xanet.edu.cn",
"sunshine.pku.edu.cn", "202.112.7.61",
"lcc.icm.ac.cn", "159.226.250.40".

You can login with the login id "bbs" for Chinese-GB coding scheme, or
"bb5" for Chinese-Big5 coding scheme. No password is required.


I. 10  How can I send E-mail or post to the Usenet anonymously?

In the Internet, there are some remailers who help people to send E-
mail and/or post to the Usenet anonymously.  In this way, basically 
people can enjoy the freedom of speech they like without facing 
possible prosecution.  However, these remailers are basically for 
those who need protection from possible persecution, not for people 
who wish to make irrelevant and irresponsible postings without 
taking any responsibility, like attacking some individual or 
organization and then hiding oneself behind the anonymous screen.  
If such net-abuse is repeated again and again, eventually the 
remailer will be forced to shut down.  This is not good for those 
people who do have a legitimate need for the anonymous shelter.

Listed below is a partial list of anonymous E-mail remailers:

   remailer@utopia.hacktic.nl
   nowhere@bsu-cs.bsu.edu
   remailer@rebma.mn.org
   remail@vox.xs4all.nl
   remailer@ideath.goldenbear.com
   remailer@nately.ucsd.edu

You can add the line

      Request-Remailing-To: destination@address

in the header of the message to deliver the mail to the intended
recipient "destination@address".  You can also put two colons ( :: )
on the very first line of your message, then on the second line
put "Request-Remailing-To:" followed by the address you want the
message to go to anonymously.  After this, skip a line, then start
the actual message you want from the fourth line.  By repeating
the double colon convention ( :: ), you can actually direct your
mail through several anonymous remailers, which makes it much
more difficult to trace.

For more information about these anonymous remailers, you can
finger "remailer-list@kiwi.cs.berkeley.edu" or try the WWW site
"http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~raph/remailer-list.html".  The Web
site includes detailed descriptions about the miscellaneous
anonymous remailers and the services they provide.

All the above remailers allow you to send E-mail anonymously,
but the recipient cannot reply your message.  If you want to
receive replies anonymously, you can try the remailer
"remailer@soda.csua.berkeley.edu".  You can finger that address
for more information.

There are some mail-to-news gateways available as follows.

   group.name@news.demon.co.uk
   group.name@cass.ma02.bull.com
   group.name@paris.ics.uci.edu
   group.name.usenet@canaima.Berkeley.EDU

You send an E-mail to the above addresses (replacing the 
"group.name" by the newsgroup in which you want to post your 
message), and the gateway will post the message for you. However, 
please remember that none of these gateways provide anonymous 
postings.  In order to make your posts anonymous, you have to send 
your messages to the above sites through an anonymous remailer.

The anonymous service provided by "anon.penet.fi" might be the most 
famous and trustworthy one currently available.  It assigns an 
address in the form "anxxxxxx@anon.penet.fi" so any mail sent to this 
address will be forwarded to you.  Unlike the aforementioned list of 
anonymous remailers, it provides a password feature for people to use 
it for anonymous E-mail and Usenet postings (the password is 
mandatory for Usenet postings ), which means that no one else can 
post or mail as you.  For details about this service, send an E-mail 
to "help@anon.penet.fi".

There are some basic warnings about the anonymous mailing and
posting issue:

   (1) Do not abuse it:

        Some generous people set up these sites.  Do not shut them
        down for your own interests of abusing the net.

   (2) Proofread your text before sending:

        Double check the text you just edited and see if there is
        anything which reveals your identity, like your signature,
        your E-mail address or your name mentioned in the text.

   (3) Test it first:

        Try to send a message to yourself with the anonymous
        remailer first.  When you receive your own message, check
        its header and body to see if there is anything which
        reveals your identity, especially in the header part.

        Some remailers might return your submission back to you
        if you have any incorrect settings, which reveals what you
        said to anyone who can read your E-mails, like your system
        administrator.  Always test it first before you send/post.

        For post testings, please use the appropriate test
        newsgroups (like misc.test, alt.test, sci.test, and so on)
        instead ofposting it in SCC, wasting everyone's time.

   (4) Last and the most important:  Don't use the anonymous
       service, if you truly don't want anyone to know who you are:

        Anonymous remailers are just like the locks you put on
        your brand new bicycle.  Locks can be picked.  The
        anonymous protection for your mail and post can be
        broken, by various means.  A lock on your bicycle may only
        mean more time for a thief to steal it;  for an expensive
        bicycle and given enough time, a determined thief will find
        a way eventually.  Plus, someone may have a master key
        to your lock and have the authorities open it without your 
        consent.  The following are examples of other ways by which
        anonymity can be broken.

        An E-mail and/or a Usenet posting becomes anonymous only
        after it reaches the remailer site.  Before that,
        technically any network node which relays your message
        from your computer to the destination remailer can know
        who you are and what you said.  In addition, some anonymous
        remailers might log your transactions;  this log might be
        released under the legal process in the country where the
        remailer is located.

        Thus, if you use the remailers to protect yourself, know 
        that they do not provide a complete assurance of anonymity.
        Moreover, if you use them for some illegal purpose 
        acknowledged by the international public (such as posting 
        commercial software or other copyright-protected material) 
        you might get caught.

        To sum up, if you indeed fear the authorities, remain silent
        and do not send E-mail or post messages anonymously.


----------------------------------------------------------------
written by:     Tung-chiang Yang <tcyang@seas.ucla.edu>
                Zhan Su <raysu@hphkae0.hkg.hp.com>

with editorial assistance from:
                Mark Swofford <mswofford@aardvark.ucs.uoknor.edu>

______________________________________________________________
List of soc.culture.china FAQ authors and contributors
(in alphabetical order)

Jihong Cole-Dai      <jidai@magnus.acs.ohio-sate.edu>
Bo Peng              <bpeng@chelsea.ios.com>
Ray Zhan Su
Mark Swofford        <mswoffrod@aardvark.ucs.uoknor.edu
Wuchun Wu            <wuwu@phys.ksu.edu>
Tung-Chiang Yang     <tcyang@ee.ucla.edu>

_______________________________________________________________
