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_Virtual Reality and Education:  Information Sources_

        Veronica S. Pantelidis, Ph. D.

Co-Director, Virtual Reality and Education Laboratory,
School of Education, East Carolina University,
Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4353 USA

Email  LSPANTEL@ECUVM.CIS.ECU.EDU
Phone  919-757-6621  Fax  919-757-4368

This bibliography resides at ftp site u.washington.edu
dir  /pub/user-supported/VirtualReality/misc/papers/
     Pantelidis-VR-Education-Bibl.txt

Thanks to Toni Emerson, John Costella, Diego Montefusco,
Mike Zeederberg, Meredith Bricken, Carl Loeffler, Joe Psotka,
and Macey Taylor, for their contributions, suggestions, and help
with this list.

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Advanced Technologies Lead the Way to the Future of
Educational Computing.  _Syllabus_  no. 45  (1992), p. 2-8.
(Includes description of VR use in future ecology class.)

VR - NASA's Training Vision.  _CyberEdge Journal_  vol. 3, no. 3
(May/June 1993), p. 1, 3-5.  (Reports on Intelligent Computer
Aided Training and Virtual Environment Technology conference
for persons from NASA and the military, held at Johnson Space
Center, near Houston, Texas, May 5-7, 1993.)

_What Curriculum for the 21st Century?_  Austin, TX:  Southwest
Educational Development Laboratory, 1990.  6p.  (ERIC Document
Reproduction Service No. ED 332 663)  (Includes VR and implications
for curriculum design.)

Allen, Brockenbrough S.  Virtualities.  _Educational Media and
Technology Yearbook_  vol. 17  (1991), p. 47-53.  (General,
includes visual literacy.)

Alluisi, E. A.  Network and Virtual-World Technologies for
Training.  In _Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual
Meeting_, vol. 2, p. 1405-1406.  Santa Monica, CA:  Human Factors
Society, 1990.  (Military training.)

Anderson, Alun.  Video-Tunneling to School.  _Science_  vol. 253,
no. 5024  (September 6, 1991), p. 1090.  (Open University system
to allow telecourse students to simultaneously work and interact
face to face and side by side in a 'virtual world.')

Ballard, Robert D.  The JASON Project:  Hi-Tech Exploration
Promotes Students' Interest in Science.  _T. H. E. Journal_  vol.
20, no. 4  (October 1992), p. 70-74.  (Grades 4-12, telepresence.)

Barron, Daniel D.  Books and Cyberspace:  Celebrations of Tradition
and Innovation in the School Library Media Program.  _School Library
Media Activities Monthly_  vol. 9, no. 3  (November 1992), p. 47-50.
(School media programs.)

Boman, Schlager D.; Gille, J.; and Piantanida, T.  The Readiness of
Virtual Environment Technology for Use in Maintenance Training.  In
_Proceedings of the 14th Interservice/Industry Training Systems
Conference, San Antonio, TX, November 2-5, 1992_, p. 883-891.
Washington, DC:  National Security Industrial Association, 1992.

Breglia, Denis R., and Fowlkes, David H.  Virtual Environment Training
Technology.  _Proceedings of the 1991 International Simulation Technology
Conference_, p. 204-209.  (1991)

Brelsford, J. W.  Physics Education in a Virtual Environment.
In _Proceedings of The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th
Annual Meeting, Designing for Diversity_, vol. 2, p. 1286-1290.
Santa Monica, CA:  Human Factors Society, 1993.

Bricken, Meredith.  _A Description of the Virtual Reality Learning
Environment_.  HIT Lab Technical Report M-90-4.  Seattle, WA:
Human Interface Technology Laboratory, University of
Washington, no date.  (General.)

Bricken, Meredith.  Complexity, Ambiguity and Learning in
FiberSpace (abstract).  In _The Second Conference on
Cyberspace, Collected Abstracts, Santa Cruz, April 19-20,
1991_, p. 22-23.  (Discusses FiberSpace, a multi-participant
system being developed by HITL, and how it might impact
schools, educational technology, and learning.)

Bricken, Meredith.  _Extended Abstract:  Complexity,
Ambiguity, and Learning in FiberSpace_.  HIT Lab Technical
Report No. M-90-7.  Seattle, WA:  Human Interface Technology
Laboratory, University of Washington, 1990.  (Discusses
FiberSpace, a multi-participant system being developed by
HITL, and how it might impact schools, educational
technology, and learning.)

Bricken, Meredith S.  _Summer Students in Virtual Reality:  A
Pilot Study on Educational Applications of VR Technology_.  HIT
Lab Technical Report R-92-1.  Seattle, WA:  Human Interface
Technology Laboratory, University of Washington, 1992.
(Research on response to VR technology and virtual
worldbuilding by students ages 10-15.)

Bricken, Meredith S.  _Virtual Reality Learning Environments:
Potentials and Challenges_.  HIT Lab Technical Report P-91-5.
Seattle, WA:  Human Interface Technology Laboratory,
University of Washington, 1991.  (General, includes links to
learning theory, aspects of the technology.)

Bricken, Meredith S.  Virtual Reality Learning Environments:
Potentials and Challenges.  _Computer Graphics Magazine_  vol.
25, no. 3  (July 1991), p. 178-184.  (General, includes links to
learning theory, aspects of the technology.)

Bricken, Meredith S., and Byrne, Chris M.  Students in Virtual
Reality:  A Pilot Study.  In  Alen Wexelblat (ed.),  _Virtual
Reality:  Applications and Explorations_.  San Diego, CA:
Academic Press, 1993.  (Research on response to VR
technology and virtual worldbuilding, by students ages 10-15.)

Bricken, William.  Spatial Representation of Elementary Algebra.
In _Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages_,
p. 56-62.  Los Alamitos, CA:  IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992.
(Algebra.)

Bricken, William.  _Learning in Virtual Reality_.  HIT Lab
Technical Report M-90-5.  Seattle, WA:  Human Interface
Technology Laboratory, University of Washington, 1990.
(General.)

Bricken, William.  _Training in Virtual Reality_.  (1990, 3 p.)
Paper available at ftp site   u.washington.edu
dir   /public/VirtualReality/HITL/papers/tech-reports
file    brickenw-vr-training.txt            ascii format
(General.)

Brown, D. J.; Cobb, S. V.; Eastgate, R. M.; Gibson, I.; and Smith,
P. A.  Research Applications of Virtual Reality.  _Interactive
Learning International_  vol. 8, no. 2  (April 1992), p. 161-163.
(Includes training children with learning difficulties.)

Byrne, Chris.  Students Explore VR Technology.  _HIT Lab Review_
no. 1  (Winter 1992), p. 6-7.  (Pacific Science Center - HIT
Lab joint program on virtual reality for summer camp students,
ages 9-15.)

Calvin, J.; Dickens, A.; Gaines, B.; Metzger, P.; Miller, D.; and Owen,
D.  The SIMNET Virtual Worlds Architecture.  In _Proceedings of IEEE
1993 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, VRAIS '93_,
p. 450-455.  Piscataway, NJ:  IEEE Service Center, 1993.  (Military
training.)

Carr, Clay.  Is Virtual Reality Virtually Here?  _Training and
Development_  vol. 46, no. 10  (October 1992), p. 36-41.  (Best
training uses.)

Christel, Michael.  Virtual Reality Today on a PC.  _Instruction
Delivery Systems_  vol. 6, no. 4  (July/August 1992), p. 6-9.  (VR in
a digital video course teaching code inspection process.)

Damarin, Suzanne K.  School and Situated Knowledge:  Travel or
Tourism?  _Educational Technology_  vol. 33, no. 3  (March 1993),
p. 27-32.  (Includes role of VR in situated learning.)

Dede, Christopher J.  The Future of Multimedia:  Bridging to
Virtual Worlds.  _Educational Technology_  vol. 32, no. 5  (May 1992),
p. 54-60.  (Visualization and virtual communities.)

Durlach, N. I.; Aviles, W. A.; Pew, R. W.; DiZio, P. A.; and Zeltzer,
D. L., eds.  _Virtual Environment Technology for Training (VETT)_.
Cambridge, MA:  BBN, March 1992.  (BBN Report No. 7661.)

Ferrington, Gary, and Loge, Kenneth.  Virtual Reality:  A New
Learning Environment.  _The Computing Teacher_  vol. 19, no. 7
(April 1992), p. 16-19.  (General.)

Fritz, Mark.  The World of Virtual Reality.  _Training_  vol. 28,
no. 2  (February 1991), p. 45-50.  (High school, industry, military
training uses.)

Geake, Elizabeth.  Computer Games Make Learning Virtually
Irresistible.  _New Scientist_  vol. 134, no. 1816  (April 11,
1992), p. 19.  (Includes school applications.)

Gembicki, Mark, and Rousseau, David.  Naval Applications of
Virtual Reality.  _Virtual Reality 93 Special Report_, p. 67-72.
Published by _AI Expert_ (Miller Freeman Inc., 600 Harrison
St., San Francisco, CA 94107).  (Includes Navy training uses.)

Goodlett, J. Jr.  Cyberspace in Architectural Education
(abstract).  In  _Collected Abstracts from the First Conference
on Cyberspace, Austin, May 4-5, 1990_, p. 36-37.  Austin, TX:
School of Architecture, The University of Texas at Austin.

Helsel, Sandra.  Virtual Reality and Education.  _Educational
Technology_  vol. 32, no. 5  (May 1992), p.38-42.  (General.)

Helsel, S. K., and Roth, J. P.  VR in Education.  SALT Multimedia
Conference.  _CyberEdge Journal_  no. 2  (March/April, 1991),
p. 3.

Hill, Maggie.  What's New in Virtual Reality?  _Electronic
Learning_  vol. 12, no 2  (October 1992), p. 10.  (Short items on
equipment and software.)

Holden, Lynn, and others.  Carnegie Mellon's STUDIO for Creative
Inquiry and The Interdisciplinary Teaching Network (ITeN) and
Interactive Fiction and The Networked Virtual Art Museum.  _Bulletin
of the American Society for Information Science_  vol. 19, no. 1
(October/November 1992), p. 9-14.  (Ancient Egypt Prototype,
interactive fiction system, art museum.)

Hriber, Dennis C., and others.  Virtual Environment Training:
Auxiliary Machinery Room (AMR) Watchstation Trainer.
_Journal of Instruction Delivery Systems_  vol. 7, no. 2
(Spring 1993), p. 9-17.  (Training submarine crew.)

Jacobson, Linda.  Reading, 'Riting, 'Rithmetic, and Reality.
_Virtual Reality 93 Special Report_, p. 39-42.  Published by
_AI Expert_ (Miller Freeman Inc., 600 Harrison St., San
Francisco, CA 94107).  (Interview with John Morrison, dean of
CAD Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.)

Johnson, D. LaMont.  A Virtual Classroom for Teacher Training?
_Computers in the Schools_  vol. 9, no. 1  (1992), p. 1-5.  (General.)

Kalawsky, R. S.  Realities of Using Visually Coupled Systems
for Training Applications.  In _Proceedings of Helmet-Mounted
Displays III.  SPIE_ vol. 1695, p. 72-82.  Bellingham, WA:  SPIE.

Kopf, Michael.  Special Feature:  Teaching about High Tech.  _Tech
Directions_  vol. 52, no. 2,  (September 1992), p. 13-14.  (Includes VR.)

Kozak, J. J.; Hancock, P. A.; Arthur, E. J.; and Chrysler, S. T.
Transfer of Training from Virtual Reality.  _Ergonomics_  vol.
36, no. 7 (1993), p. 777-784.  (Experiment with adults on
pick-and-place training.)

Lanier, Jaron.  Virtual Reality:  The Promise of the Future.
_Interactive Learning International_  vol. 8, no. 4 (1992), p.
275-279.  (General, with educational applications.)

Lemke, J. L.  Education, Cyberspace, and Change Serial Article
Online.  _Electronic Journal on Virtual Culture_  vol. 1, no. 1
(March 1993), 18 p.  To retrieve this article electronically, send
the following e-mail message:  LISTSERV@KENTVM.KENT.EDU;
GET LEMKE V1N1
(Based on Internet discussion in Australia in connection with a
1992 conference.  Future of VR and education, roles of cyberspace,
cyborgs, ecocybersystems, and education, etc.)

Lewis, Peter H.  The Technology of Tomorrow.  _Principal_  vol. 71,
no. 2  (November 1991), p. 6-7.  (Brief mention of VR.)

Loeffler, Carl E.  Networked Virtual Reality:  Applications for
Industry, Education and Entertainment.  _Virtual Reality World_
vol. 1, no. 2  (Summer 1993), p. g-i.  (Includes projects with
educational applications.)

Lowenstein, Ronnie, and Barbee, David E.  _The New Technology:  Agent
of Transformation_.  Washington, DC:  Department of Labor, Office of
Strategic Planning and Policy Development, 1990.  11 p.  (ERIC
Document Reproduction Service No. ED 329 248)  (Includes VR.)

Marcus, Stephen.  Reading and Writing:  Virtually Yours.
_Electronic Learning_  Special Edition  vol. 11, no. 8  (May/June
1992), p. 26.  (VR, reading and writing.)

Marcus, Stephen.  Virtual Realities:  From the Concrete to the
Barely Imaginable.  In Harry J. Murphy (ed.), _Virtual Reality and
Persons with Disabilities.  Conference proceedings, Los
Angeles, CA, March 18-21, 1992_, p. 31-35.  Northridge, CA:
CSUN Office of Disabled Student Services, 1992.  (General.)

Marcus, Stephen.  Virtual Realities and the Future of Text.
_Quarterly of the National Writing Project and the Center for
the Study of Writing and Literacy_  vol. 14, no. 2  (Spring 1992),
p. 6-8.  (Virtual books, reading, and writing.)

McCluskey, J.  Educational Applications of Virtual Reality:
Medium or Myth?  In Sandra Helsel (ed.), _Beyond the Vision:  The
Technology, Research and Business of Virtual Reality_, p. 148-
153.  Westport, CT:  Meckler Publishing, 1991.

McCluskey, Jim.  Educational Applications of Virtual Reality:
Medium or Myth?  _Syllabus_  no. 29  (September/October 1993),
p. 10.  (Changing educational perspectives; applicable research
projects.)

McCluskey, Jim.  A Primer on Virtual Reality.  _T. H. E. Journal_
vol. 20, no. 5  (December 1992), p. 56-57.  (General.)

McDonough, James.  Doorways to the Virtual Battlefield.  In
Sandra Helsel (ed.), _VR Becomes a Business.  Proceedings of Virtual
Reality '92, San Jose, September 1992_, p. 104-114.  Westport, CT:
Meckler Corporation, 1993.  (Military training; SIMNET, distributed
interactive simulation.)

McKeown, Sally.  Learning Through a Looking-Glass Universe.
_Times-Educational Supplement_  no. 3984  (November 6, 1992),
p. Update 13.  (Teaching students with severe learning difficulties,
using Superscape.  See also D. J. Brown, et al., above.)

McLellan, Hilary.  _Virtual Reality; A Selected Bibliography_.
Englewood Cliffs, NJ:  Educational Technology Publications,
1992.  (Includes education.)

McLellan, Hilary.  _Virtual Reality:  Case Studies in Design
for Collaboration & Learning_.  Westport, CT:  Meckler
Corporation, 1993.

McLellan, Hilary.  Virtual Environments and Situated Learning.
_Multimedia Review_  vol. 2, no. 3  (Fall 1991), p. 30-37.
(Training in a virtual situated environment.)

Means, B.  (Moderator). _Virtual Reality and Learning_.  Panel at
SRI International/VPL Conference on Virtual Worlds.
[Videocassette, 120 minutes, Color, VHS, NTSC]  Available through
Art Com VHS Distribution Catalog, Art Com, POB-193123 Rincon
Annex, San Francisco, CA 94119-3123.  Telephone:  415-431-7524

Merickel, Mark L.  The Creative Technologies Project:  Will
Training in 2D/3D Graphics Enhance Kids' Cognitive Skills?
_T. H. E. Journal_  vol. 18, no. 5  (December 1990), p. 55-58.
(Elementary grades students, ages 9-11.)

Merickel, Mark L.  A Study of the Relationship between
Perceived Realism and the Ability of Children to Create,
Manipulate and Utilize Mental Images in Solving Problems
(Problem-Solving, Creativity).  _Dissertation Abstracts
International_  vol. 52  (1991), p. 1719A.  (Elementary grades
students, ages 9-11.)

Merickel, Mark L.  _A Study of the Relationship between Virtual
Reality (Perceived Realism) and the Ability of Children to Create,
Manipulate and Utilize Mental Images for Spatially Related Problem
Solving._  Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the National
School Boards Association, Orlando, FL, April 25-28, 1992.  9 p.
(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 352 942)  (Elementary
grades students, ages 8-11.)

Merril, J. R.  Surgery on the Cutting-Edge:  Virtual Reality
Applications in Medical Education.  _Virtual Reality World_
vol. 1, nos. 3-4  (November/December 1993), p. 34-38.

Meyer, Catherine, and Dunn-Roberts, Richard.  Virtual Reality:  A
Strategy for Training in Cross-Cultural Communication.
_Educational Media International_  vol. 29, no. 3  (September 1992),
p. 175-180.  (Cross-cultural communication.)

Middleton, Teresa; Walser, Randal; and Warner, David Jay.
_Virtual Reality_.  Satellite blockfeed, November 11, 1993, based on
presentation at the Fourth Annual National Conference on College
Teaching and Learning, 1993.  PBS Adult Learning Satellite Service,
1320 Braddock Pl., Alexandria, VA 22314-1698.  Phone  1-800-257-2578.
Fax  703.739.8495 or 703.730.0775

Mohl, Robert Frank.  Cognitive Space in the Interactive
Movie Map:  An Investigation of Spatial Learning in
Virtual Environments.  (Boston, MA:  Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Education and Media Technology.
PhD dissertation, 1982.)

Moshell, M.; Blau, B.; and Dunn-Roberts, R.  Virtual Environments
for Military Training:  SIMNET, Ender's Game, and Beyond.
_Virtual Reality World_  vol. 1, no. 2  (Summer 1993), p. v-ad.
(_Virtual Reality World_ is an insert in _Multimedia Review_.)

Moshell, J. M.; Blau, B. S.; Knerr, B.; Lampton, D. R.; and
Bliss, J. P.  A Research Testbed for Virtual Environment
Training Applications.  In _Proceedings of IEEE 1993 Virtual
Reality Annual International Symposium, VRAIS '93_, p. 486-491.
Piscataway, NJ:  IEEE Service Center, 1993.

Moshell, J. M.; Hughes, C. E.; Blau, B. S.; Li, X.; and Dunn-Roberts,
R. R.  Networked Virtual Environments for Simulation and Training.
_Proceedings of the 1991 International Simulation Technology Conference,
p. 210-215.  1991.

Moshell, J. M.; Smart, E. A., Dunn, R. R.; Blau, B.; and Lisle, C. R.
Virtual Reality:  Its Potential Impact on Embedded Training.  In
R. J. Seidel and P. R. Chatelier (eds.), _Proceedings of Advanced
Technologies Applied to Training Design_, p. 191-205.  New York:
Plenum, 1993.

Nugent, William R.  Virtual Reality:  Advanced Imaging Special Effects
Let You Roam in Cyberspace.  _Journal of the American Society for
Information Science_  vol. 42, no. 8  (September 1991), p. 609-617.
(Includes military simulation trainers.)

Osberg, Kimberly.  (1993.)  _Virtual Reality and Education:  A Look at
Both Sides of the Sword_.
Paper available at ftp site   u.washington.edu
dir   /public/VirtualReality/HITL/papers/tech-reports
file    osberg-r-93-7     postscript format

Pantelidis, Veronica S.  _Robotics in Education:  An Information
Guide_.  Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1991.
(For information sources on robots used in telepresence.)

Pantelidis, Veronica S.  Virtual Reality in the Classroom.
_Educational Technology_  vol. 33, no. 4  (April 1993), p. 23-27.
(General.)
  Reprinted in John Hirschbuhl (ed.), _Computer Studies:  Computers
in Education_.  Guilford, CT:  The Dushkin Publishing Group, Inc.,
1993.

Pantelidis, Veronica S., and Boyd, Richard.  Virtual Reality -
The New Dimensions.  In Betty Wheatley (ed.), _Proceedings of
the 4th Annual Technology and Teaching Conference, Greenville,
North Carolina, April 22-23, 1993_, p. 107-114.  Greenville, NC:
School of Education, East Carolina University, 1993.  (General.)

Phinney, Marianne.  Come into My Computer Said the Spider to
the Fly.  _TESOL CALL-IS Newsletter_  vol. 8, no. 3  (October
1991).

Psotka, Joseph.  _Immersive Tutoring Systems:  Virtual Reality and
Education and Training_.  Paper available from Joseph Psotka, Ph.D.,
U. S. Army Research Institute, ATTN:  PERI-IIC, 500l Eisenhower
Avenue, Alexandria, VA 2333-5600.
E-Mail  Psotka@alexandria-emh2.army.mil  or   psotka@26.1.0.50
(Advantages and limitations of VR in educational applications.)

Quesada, Arli.  Seeing Inside.  Exploring New Ways of Learning
with Virtual Reality.  _Multimedia Reporter_  (July 1993),
p. 1, 4, 6.  (_Multimedia Reporter_ is published by NorthBay
Multimedia Association, P. O. Box 150296, San Rafael, CA 94915.)
(Junior high school virtual reality projects, virtual reality
and students with disabilities.)

Randall, James P.  The Emerging Potential of Virtual Reality in
Postsecondary Education.  _New Directions for Teaching and Learning,
No. 51  (Teaching in the Information Age:  The Role of Educational
Technology)_  (Fall 1992), p. 77-81.  (General, higher education.)

Regian, J. Wesley, and Shebilske, Wayne L.  Virtual Reality:  An
Instructional Medium for Visual-Spatial Tasks.  _Journal of
Communication_  vol. 42, no. 4  (Autumn 1992), p. 136-149.
(Describes an initial attempt at exploring VR's instructional
potential as an interface for simulation-based training, and an
agenda for subsequent research.)

Robert, I.  Psychological and Pedagogical Issues in Using Virtual
Reality Systems.  In _Virtual Reality 92 Impacts & Applications,
Conference Proceedings, London, April 1-3, 1992_, p. 117.
Westport, CT:  Meckler Publishing Corporation.

Schwier, Richard A.  _A Taxonomy of Interaction for Instructional
Multimedia_.  Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the
Association for Media and Technology in Education in Canada,
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 13-17, 1992.  13 p.  (ERIC
Document Reproduction Service No. ED 352 044)  (Mutual interaction
as characterized by artificial intelligence and VR designs.)

Shlechter, Theodore M.; Bessemer, David W.; and Kolosh, Kenneth P.
Computer-Based Simulation Systems and Role-Playing:  An Effective
Combination of Fostering Conditional Knowledge.  _Journal of
Computer-Based Instruction_  vol. 19, no. 4  (Fall 1992), p. 110-114.

Stone, Robert J.  Virtual Reality and Cyberspace:  From Science
Fiction to Science Fact.  _Information Services and Use_  vol. 11, no.
5-6  (1991), p. 285-300.  (Includes military training, postsecondary
education.)

Stuart, Rory.  Virtual Reality:  Directions in Research and
Development.  _Interactive Learning International_  vol. 8, no. 2
(April-June 1992), p. 95-100.  (Projects at NYNEX and issues
uncovered.)

Stuart, Rory, and Thomas, John C.  Educational Applications of
Cyberspace (abstract).  In _Collected Abstracts from the First
Conference on Cyberspace, Austin, May 4-5, 1990_.  Austin, TX:
School of Architecture, The University of Texas at Austin.

Stuart, Rory, and Thomas, John C.  The Implications of Education
in Cyberspace.  _Multimedia Review_  vol. 2, no. 2  (Summer 1991),
p. 17-27.  (General.)

Taylor, Macey B.  A Glimpse of the Virtual Future.  _Cross
Currents_  vol. 19, no. 1  (1992), p. 69-72.  (VR and Computer
Assisted Language Learning - CALL.)

Traub, David C.  Simulated World as Classroom:  The Potential
for Designed Learning within Virtual Environments.  In Sandra
K. Helsel and Roth, Judith Paris (eds.), _Virtual Reality:
Theory, Practice, and Promise_, p. 111-121.  Westport, CT:
Meckler Publishing, 1991.  (General.)

Trotter, Andrew.  In the School Game, Your Options Abound.  _Executive
Educator_  vol. 13, no. 6  (June 1991), p. 23.  (Includes VR.)

Tyre, Terian.  Live Broadcasts from Ocean Floor Bring New Depth to
Science Education.  _T. H. E. Journal_  vol. 17, no. 1  (August 1989),
p. 42, 44-46.  (The JASON project, grades 4-12, telepresence.)

Wickens, Christopher.  Virtual Reality and Education.  In
_Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE International Conference on
Systems, Man, and Cybernetics_, vol. 1, p. 842-847.  Piscataway,
NJ:  Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1992.
(Conditions in which VR can facilitate or possibly inhibit learning.)

Winn, William.  _A Conceptual Basis for Educational Applications of
Virtual Reality_.  (1993, 16 p.)
Paper available at ftp site   u.washington.edu
dir   /public/VirtualReality/HITL/papers/tech-reports
file    winn-B-93-9.txt        ascii format
(Immersion; VR and learning by constructing knowledge; applications
in education.)

Winn, William, and Bricken, William.  _Designing Virtual Worlds for
Use in Mathematics Education_.  Paper presented at the Annual
Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San
Francisco, CA, April 20-24, 1992.  24 p.  (ERIC Document
Reproduction Service No. ED 353 129)  (Elementary algebra.)

Winn, William, and Bricken, William.  Designing Virtual Worlds
for Use in Mathematics Education:  The Example of Experiential
Algebra.  _Educational Technology_  vol. 32, no. 12  (December 1992),
p. 12-19.  (Elementary algebra.)

Woodward, John.  _Virtual Reality and Its Potential Use in Special
Education.  Identifying Emerging Issues and Trends in Technology for
Special Education_.  Washington, DC:  COSMOS Corporation, 1992.  15
p.  (ERIC Documentation Reproduction Service No. ED 350 766)
(Special education.)

Yam, Philip.  Surreal Science:  Virtual Reality Finds a Place in
the Classroom.  _Scientific American_  vol. 266, no. 2  (February
1993), p. 103-104.  (High school physics.)

------------------
Internet Listserv:
   CBNVEE at mcmuse.mc.maricopa.edu
"Subject:  Building Educational Environments Using Networked Virtual
Reality Software."
Owners:  Greg Swan    swan@mcmuse.mc.maricopa.edu
         Greg Searle  searle@uoguelph.ca
"Purpose:  A place for those building educational environments using
networked virtual reality software such as MUSE, TinyMUSH and Moo to
pool knowledge and discuss issues."
-------------------

Revised November 1993
Copyright (c) 1993, Veronica S. Pantelidis
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Virtual Reality and Education Laboratory (VREL)

Lawrence Auld, PhD, and
Veronica S. Pantelidis, PhD,
Co-directors

The Virtual Reality and Education Laboratory (VREL), the first
component of a Virtual Reality and Education Center, is housed in
the East Carolina University School of Education.  We work with
faculty, students, and educators, helping them explore ways to use
virtual reality as an integral part of instruction.

Current Projects:

    North Carolina Competency-Based Curriculum Objectives and Virtual
    Reality:  Identifying, for grades kindergarten through 12,
    objectives which can use virtual reality as a measure or aid.

    Virtual Reality Software Identification and Evaluation:
    Identifying appropriate virtual reality software for use in grades
    kindergarten through 12.

    Virtual Reality Equipment Identification and Evaluation:
    Identifying appropriate virtual reality equipment for use in grades
    kindergarten through 12.

    Virtual Reality Equipment and Software Demonstration:   Assembling
    and making available a variety of virtual reality equipment and
    software, suitable for grades kindergarten through 12.

    Virtual Reality and Education Information Resources:
    A bibliography and listing of printed and nonprinted virtual
    reality materials relevant especially to the educator.

    Monitoring of the Internet and Other Sources of Current
    Information on and Discussions about Virtual Reality.

    The Virtual Reality and Education Clearinghouse.
    A gathering place for print and nonprint materials.


Some Future and Developing Projects:

    Teacher-Student Interaction Simulator:  A VR environment in which
    student teachers can experience classroom situations.

    Newsletters, publications, etc.

    e-mail:  LSAULD@ECUVM.CIS.ECU.EDU      LSPANTEL@ECUVM.CIS.ECU.EDU

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*Veronica Pantelidis, Ph.D.  LSPANTEL@ECUVM.CIS.ECU.EDU
*Co-Director, Virtual Reality and Education Laboratory
*School of Education, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858 USA
*Voice: (919)757-6621  Fax:  (919)757-4368
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